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8 erthygl ar y dudalen hon
IFLINTSHIRE ASSIZES.
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FLINTSHIRE ASSIZES. The assize* for the county of Flint were commenced on Friday morning Inst in the Court House, Mold, be- fore the llight Hon. Sir W. Eric. There were only two prisoners tor trial. His Lordship had previously attended divine service at the parish church, were a sermon was preached hy the ttev. Hubert Buddicom, the brother of the Sheriff. The following gentlemen were empannel- led on the GJ:AND JIJIIY. Sit Stephen R. Glynne Bart., foreman. Lord Kichard Grasvenor, Hon. Kichd Thus. Rowley. The Hon T Pr/ei- Lloyd. Sir l'yew Most-yn. Sir Jolin Munmer, Bart. M .I\ Juhn Wynne Kyton, Esq. J. Walker, Fsq. Llewelyn Fulkner Lloyd, Esq. Kofot. W iHs. (J Butler Cltytigh, OwJesJ. Trevor Roper, Esq. Frederick Phillijw, Esq. Ah::ö.i\Illh:r ,O}H. EMl. Jlenry Potts. Esq. Richard SanVey, Georgft Pott* Ilus eli, E;»\. Phillip Win. (iodsal, J&q. John Scott Eiq Thorn** tfriittth Dixon, Phillip Pennant Pennant. r>q. llvyan Ueoige Davie* Couke; Ksq. Whitehall l»od, Ksq. The proclamation ilgaiudt vice and immorality Illiving been read, Hia LOUDSUIP proceeded to charge the Grand Jury. He said the forms of opening the court of justice accord- ing to ancient usage having been completed, they would now proceed with the important duties of sitting in judgment on those of their fellow subjects who were charged with having committed crimes in this county. This assize was one in which satisfaction was a promin- ent feature-satifaction to him in meeting so full a Brand Jury ready to assist in the administration of justice. He had the further satisfaction—and which he lud had iu every county during his circuit in North Wales—of seeing that the number of prisoners was few. To a judge accustomed to English courts it furmed a very gmtifying feature. The calendar contained the names of only two prisoners, one charged with house- breaking, and the other with assault to violence. Both cases presented ordinary features, and they would rest chiefly upon the testimony. of eye-witnessss, so they would have no difficulty in finding true hills. He then dismissed the Grand J ury to their duties. BURGLARY AT FLINT MOUNTAIN. Edward Edwards was indicted for having broken into the dwelling-house of Mary Ann Heffsay, at Flint Moun- tain, on the 21st July, and stealing therefrom a chemise and other articles, her property. Mr. Williams prose- cuted. The evidence of the prosecutrix went to show that on the morning in question she left her house per- fectly safe at seven o'clock in the morning, and on re- turning the same evening about nine o'clock she found that the lock of the door had been broken and a bundle of clothes was missing. A widow, named Hannah Price, residing under the same roof as the prosecutrix, deposed to seeing the pri- soner pushing in the door of the prosecutrix's house at four o'clock that afternoon. Superintendant Nuttal, of the Flint County Police, deposed to examining the house of prosecutrix, and to finding some boxes broken open, and a quantity of clothes were missing. He apprehended the prisoner the same night at Flint, and he denied all knowledge of the robbery. Prisoner, who spoke through a Welsh interpreter, in defence, said he had been in the habit of going to the pro- secutrix's house as a sort of sweetheart, and he had her permission to go, but he did not do so on that day, as he was very drunk at the time. His LORDSHIP having put the facts of the case to the jury, they immediately returned a verdict of guilty. Sentenced to feix calendar months hard labour. INDECENT ASSAULT. Edward Sogers was charged with committing an ag- sault upon Anu Parry, at Flint, on the 4th June. Mr. Beavan prosecuted and Mr. McIntyre defended the prisoner. The evidence of the prosecutrix, who is the wife of Jno. Parry, of Flint, showed that she left home at five o'clock in the morning to walk to Denbigh to sell some silk, and she left Denbigh to return about half-past five ia the evening. When near Holywell, she met the pri- soner in a corn field, when he immediately commenced assaulting her, and although she resisted very much, and shouted murder," he accomplished his purpose. The prisoner also bit her on the lip. She was in a very ex- hausted state, and did not see any one until she had got two or three fields further on. The prisoner, as soon as he got up ran away. She met a female named Mary Edwards, and complained to her of the assaslt, and also to her husband on her arrival at home. A policeman was sent for, and the prisoner was apprehended at Halk- in, at his own house. Cross-examined by Mr. Mclntyre-The prisoner was in liquor on that night. She had never said that she was sorry that she had made the charge againRt the pri- soner, but that she was very Borry it happened, and that she was so unfortunate to meet with such a thing. Two witnesses were examined who deposed to having heard screams of murder" come from the direction where the prosecutrix had alleged the assault took place, and that the prosecutrix shortly afterwards came up to them and complained of the assault. When apprehend- ed by the policeman he denied ever having seen the pro- secutrix, but he afterwards admitted that he had seen the woman (meaning the prosecutrix) do something in the field, but what he would not tell." He afterwards said that she had laid hold of his jacket, and that they came down together. The policeman also deposed that the knees of prisoner's trowsers were soiled having grass or corn adhering to them and that in the field, pointed out by the woman, corn had been trambled down for two or three yards, and there were traces of a severe struggle having taken place there. Mr. MOINTTRE having addressed the jury at some length on the question of identity, His LORDSHIP summed up; and the jury, to the sur- prise of the court, returned a verdict of not guilty, and the prisoner was discharged. CIVIL CAUSES. WILLIAMS V. GOUGH. Mr. Mclntyre and Mr. Horatio Lloyd appeared for the plaintiff, and Mr. Beavan and Mr. Morgan Lloyd for the defendant. This was an action brought to recover compensation for a loss of a pony, which had been taken and sold by the defendant. The defendant had to pay t 10 into court as the value of the pony. The case having been opened by Mr. Mclntyre, he proceeded to call evidence. Mr. Williams, farmer, of Overton, examined by Mr. Horatio Llovd, said he was the plaintiff in this action. At the beginning of this year he had a horse and pony working on his firm. On the 16th January last his pony got into defendant's field, which adjoins his, the hedge being very much out of repair; the hedge belonged to the defendant; witness afterwards found his pony in the pound, having been put there by defendant; it remain- ed there eight weekF it was very bad weather during the time; it was sold by the defendant, and realised to. Mr. BEAVAN submitted that the plaintiff could not re- cover except for the value of the pony. His LOHMHIP said he thought he was entitled to re- cover for the loss of the pony's services during the eight weeks. \TR. MCINTYRE said the wrongful act having been ad- mitted, they were trying to prove the special damage. After some little discussion on the legal bearings of the case, the Judge directed the case to be gone on with, and tho plaintiff proceeded with his evidence. He was in the habit of earning £ 1 4s. per week with his pony. The value of the- pony at the time it was taken was about £ 12. He had previously given £9 for it. Cross-examined by Mr. BEAVAK-Heard that the pony sold for £5 13s. Defendant had not complained of plaintiff's cattle trespassing on his field. The fencing on defendant's land was very bad. A witness, named Samuel Griffiths, spoketo the pony being worth £ 12 before it was taken to the pound, and the plaintiff could earn at the rate of 4s. per day. H3 saw the pony nearly every day in the pound, and it was very indifferently treated. Mr. John Edge, builder, of Overton, spoke to having i employed the plaintiff, and having giving him 8s. per day for two horses. „ to. A number of witnesses were called ADd Epoke to the pony being worth more tIitin £ 10 before it was put in the pound. Mr. BEAVAN having addressed the jury on behalf of the defendant, proceeded to call evidence to show tLtt the value of the pony at the time it was put into the pound by plaintiff was only X6, and that duriiigthe time it was in the pound it was properly fed and taken care of. Amongst them was Mr. Roberts, valuer, who gave it as his opinion that the pony was worth £ 6. Air. BEAVAN summed up the case to the jury on be- half of defendant, saying that he believed the jury would be of opinion that the pony was properly kept by the defendant while in the pound, and submitted that the amount defendant had paid into court, £10. would cover all the damage that the plaintiff had sustained. Mr. MCINTTRE in replying upon the case, said the de- fendant had no right to have taken the pony, which he put into a small pound and kept there during eight weeks of severe weather without any cover, or being cleaned out, and therefore the plaintiff was entitled to recover damages for the loss of the pony and of its services. If His LORDSHIP put to the jury to say what the plainti was entitled to as the value of the pony, and also what compensation for the eight weeks' loss of its services whilst in the pound. The defendant they must bear in mind had paid £10 into court. The jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff for zClO 13s. as value of the pony and 94 for loss of eight weeks services. i 1. -.1 __1_1 Ltl The court rose at six OCIOCK, ana aujuurueu U11411 nine o'clock on Saturday morning. Counsel in Cuurt W. L. Foulkes, Beavan, Mclntyre, Morgan Lloyd, Brandt, W. Wynne FfouIkes, Swetenham, Coxon, Trevor Parkins, Horatio Lloyd, Trafford, Ignatius Williams, and Hilton. SATURDAY. Before Mr. Justice Erie. The Court opened this morning soon after ten o'clock, when the special j'ry case was called on. THE i'LINT ASSAULT CASE. With reference to the case of Edward Rogers, tried on the previous day and acquitted, The LOD CiUEif JUSTICK, on coming into court this morning, thus addressed the Under Sheriff :-BHore closimj these assizes let me ask yon IA. endeavour in future to return men of more capacity for discharging the duties of jurors than those who served on the first, jury yesterday, and returned a verdict of acquittal. I do not rememoer in the course of my professional career to have met with a more signal instance of a complete failure of justice. VMCOUfT KEILDIXCT V. BnOUOHTON COAT, COMPANY. Mr. Mclntyre appeared for the plaintiff, and Mr. Beavan for the defendants After the jury had been sworn, Mr. MCINTVUK announced to his Lordship that, the case had been arranged, and a verdict fur plaintiff would be taken by consent. This case concluded the assizes, and the court rose ,shortly before 11 o'clock. We may add that the High Sheriff of the county gave a splendid luncheon at the Hed Lion Hotel oil Friday, to which the Grand Jury, the members of the bar, and other gentlemen were invited. The repast, which con- sist«d of every delicacy of the season, was served up iu excellent style by Mr. Dean.
YR -EISTEDDFOD. I
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YR EISTEDDFOD. I In connection with the Eisteddfod there is the Gov- gedd, and this may safely be said to have existed from time immemorial, or according to our ancestors' method of expressing it, "from memory before memory." This week the astonished multitude at Llandudno Nvint?,we(I the construction of the Goraedd, which now forms a kind of enigma to the unitiated, in the open space near the Parade, at the end of Gloddaeth-street. At every Eisteddfod a similar circle is formed, but generally the stones are placed in a careless way, without any regard to the exact position each ought to occupy. In con- structing the Goraedd at Llandudno, care was taken to place every stone in its proper position, so as to secure for it its own symbolic meaning. The points were, therefore, fixed with a mariner's compass, and the whole circle reduced to an intelligible scale. The scrupulous spirit of Iolo Morganwg must be smiling approvingly, to see such minute observance of ancient customs, and such religious regard for sacred symbolism, manifested in the promotion of the bardic circle. The iron railings that Burround it does not form part of the circle proper, but are intended to protect its sacredness against the intrusion of the unitiated multitude. We find (hat the stones form a circle, and that they are twelve in number, with a very large atone in the centre, and other three stones running out of the circle —towards the east. What then is a circle so constructed intended to re- present ? The large stone in the centre represents the sun, the twelve smaller stones forming the circle are the symbols of the twelve zodiacs, and the three stones leading out of the circle are intended to represent the sun in the mnmer solstice, in the winter solgtice, and in the vernal aud autumnal equinox, forming the bardic symbol seen at the head of all bills and papers connected with the Eisteddfod. It is by causing imaginary lines from these outward stones, and bring them to meet in the centre atone, or the sun, that we have this form: a which in ancient times was considered sacred, and re- garded with a kind of religious awe. The meaning of the word Gorsedd is a throne, and as its name would signify, it was the source of all autho- rity. Amongst our ancestors, the circle and throne con- stituted their Parliament, in which the laws were con- sidered, tnd received the sanction which made them binding ot all the subjects of the Gorsedd. Laws were enacted, 4riminala tried, and questions of law decided and the birdie customs were also regulated and promul- gated in it. A division of labour took place in more modern times. The Imperial Parliament takes the first, the various Courts of Law administer the function of the second, and the third, to which the bards and minstrels vera invited to swell the songs in honour of the brave, and to celebrate the chronicles of their native land, was the Eisteddfod, the usage of which, in a modi- fied form, it still retains. So far as we have any means of tracing account of the Gorsedd in written history, and well authenticated tra- ditions, handed down from one generation to the other, it dates back, at least, to the time oj. Prydain ap Aedd Mawr, or about a thousand years before the Christian era. This very antiquity, and the fact that through all the vicissitudes that swept away so many other institu- tions that once flourished in the world, are sufficient apologies, or reasons, why the Welsh people should cling to their cherished Eisteddfod with such laudable te- nacity. It is with regret that we understand that some of our countrymen, and especially the nobility and gentry, stand aloof from the National Institution because, as they assume, the principal, if not the sole object of it is to perpetuate the existence of the Welsh language, to the exclusion of the English language, and the seriouB disadvantage of the Welsh people. It is deeply to be regretted that they allow themselves to be so imper- fectly informed about a subject, with which it is their duty and privilege to make themselves familiar. We may confidently state that this is not now, nor has it ever been the object of these gatherings. The names which stand connected with it ought to be a sufficient guarantee that they are not guilty of such egregious folly. It is true that oftentimes instruction has been commnicated through the instrumentality of the Welsh language, simply because the people understood no other; the object of the Eisteddfod is neither to perpetuate or destroy any language, but simply to elevate the people through the most efficient available agency. So far from confining its endeavours to perpetuate the Welsh language, there is not a more potent agency in the world for dissemina- ting a knowledge of the English language amongst the Welsh people, as the Eisteddfod. Prizes are offered for compositions in that language 9 large proportion of the proceedings is conducted in it; circumstances are created which compel the thinkers to master it, and the mass of the people are fast following their example. The object sought to be accomplished in ancient times was not dissimilar to that which obtained amongst the Greeks, in their Olympian glory. In passing, may we not ask with just astonishment, why is it that we are compelled to illustrate home usages and a custom so closely interwoven with the threads of our own history,—by referring to a people so remote, who are politically dead, and whose language is no longer spokeu ? Confessedly, unacquainted as some are with the history of their own nation, they would deem edu- cation defective did they not know everything about a. people who do not now hold a distinctive place in the human family, and whose language is dead! They have noble antecedents, an illustrious history of their own, without knowing it But to return. The object of these gatherings in olden time, was to recite, before a public audience, all that was known of the past history of the race, all that ,had been acquired of (urrent knowledge, and all that the amen had inspired in the breast of the bard. All this was recited before the congregated nation, before Com- mons. Lords,and R-inces; and thus the knowledge which it was the privilege of the few to possess, was made the common heritage of all. A glance at the programmes issued of late years, clearly prove that the object, at pre- sent, is the same; not to perpetuate a language, but to excite mentality; not to induce in prijetice-of wcluaive- ness, but imbibe, tnd extemi a catholicity of sentiment. Yet we are often tharged with a d-i- ta awalude the English language from cut mwting. and to confine the I monoglot Welshman, to the limited resources of his own language If by the habit of unthinkingness, or the influence of vitiated education, soino of our friends and countrymen have become indifferent as to whether they will deai fairly with the claims of the Eisteddfod, and the labours of those who work so incessantly, and disinterestedly, to make it an useful institution, they ought, in justice to themselves, to ascertain whether their objections to it, are Well futraded or not. In connection with the Eisteddfod and Gorsedd, there are gome of the noblest traditions and maxims to which any nation can refer. What elevated sentiments do the following embrace "Truth against the world." In the face of the sun, and the eye of light." God and all goodness." "Heart to heart." "Jesus repress injustice." Tnrfb must hare its place," &c. The history of the nation1 tflio have wrought and moulded these sentiments into the form of eternal maxims, is not to be despised, and it is to be regretted that so many remain ignorant of their own history, while they would waste out their existence, before they would allow them- selves to be unacquainted with the Chronicles of the Bangoons, and ths history of the semi-savage Objibbe- way Indians We are unwilling to extend our remarks, whioh may be deemed already too numerous; .but it will be neces- sary to inform strangers, to what use the Gorsedd is put at this time. We answer, it is for the purpose of conferring Bardic degrees in accordance with ancient usuage, ou meritorious aspirants atter iiououraoie tame. They first undergo an examination in the different branches of knowledge to which they intend to devote their studies. The Orders are three in number-Ovittes, Bards, and Druids. The first direct their attention more especially to prose writing the second to I o 'try; and the third to the teachiug of the principles of morality and The Ovate and Bard qualify themselves, and undergo a suitable examination for their respective degrees, and are declared worthy of the distinction which they seek, according to the proficiency which they may have ma- nifested under examination. The Druid receives his degrees, in virtue of his office as a minister of religion, and for that Ordsr does not undergo any examination, his qualiifcations being evidently presumable from the ollice be filh and the position he holds. The Llandudno Eisteddfod pi-ouiisei to be one of the most numerously attended, and must orderly arranged, that has ever been held in tho Principality. The Pavil- ion, in addition, to being one of the handsomest in form, is also the most convenient iu its internal arrangements. I',acli person, after obtaining his ticket, enters it at a door, which leads liiin directly to the place which he is to occupy; and the holders of one class of tickets, are riot compelled to toil and tear themselves through the interminable space allotted to the other chisses. Being Octagon in shape, the form affords the same facilities to see and to hear, to all classes. There is nothing but numbers that will cause some to be further removed from the platform than others. J
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In this department if a full and free expression of opinion nf accorded to correspondents, the l-fitor wishes It to be lii- tinctly understood, that he hold* himnelf responsible for non- All letters should be accompanied by the name and address of the writer, not necessarily for publication, butn.s a guarantee 0f good f3ith. I
OVEUCKOWDIXG OF BOATS. I -I
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OVEUCKOWDIXG OF BOATS. To the Editor of the North Wales Chronicle. Sir,-)iy the insertion of the following few lines in your valuable paper, I shall feel extremely ob- liged. I happened to be a passenger to Llandudno and back with the Prince of Wales steamer, on Sunday last. I, with others, landed comfortably but in guing to meet the steamer to return to Liverpool, I think it my duty to make a complaint of the conduct of the boat- men, and also of the man who appeared to be the mas- ter of the boats. The boat I happened to be in had painted on it No. 10, licensed to carry 2-5," which num- ber wa,, in it when we left the beach, The boat return- ed to the beach for two more passengers, and afterwards put off to meet the steamer. The boatmen insisted, against all the remonstrances of the passengers, on again returning to the stage for 3 more passengers, which made up the number to 30. For the benefit of others, that they may not be placed in such an unpleasant position as to be crammed up in an overcrowded boat, I hope this will come under the no- tice of the proper party or parties as can and will put a stop to such improper treatment-of passengers by such uncivil boatmen as those of No. 10. Many of the passengers will bear me out in what I have herein stated. Yours respectfully, T. JONES. Castle-street, Liverpool, T. JONES. August 8th, 1864.
IIII KIDNAPPING IN AMERICA.I
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III KIDNAPPING IN AMERICA. To the Editor of the North Wales Chronicle. Sir,—In your impression of the 30th July, you have a paragraph again on the above subject, in which you state that you are in a position, beyond all doubt or question, to prove what you attempted to prove before in an article, some few weeks back, viz.,—That all emi- grants, on their landing in the Federal States of Ame- rica, are in the power of the Yankee authorities, and that they are powerless to extricate themselves from their grasp. Such was your assertion then, and which you now prove beyond all doubt and question. We will see how far your proofs bear you out. You quote for your proofs the correspondence between Lord Lyons and Mr. Seward, &c. Now, in looking over this paper, I find the complaint made by Lord Lyons is not against the Yankee authorities, but against the shameful conduct of some of the recruiting officers to- wards British subjects in carrying out their instructions of recruiting for the Army. That these grievances complained of do exist I don't deny; but that they are the consequences of the recruit- ing system, not only in America but in this country also, I maintain. Cast your eyes a few years back, when our own coun- try was at war, and wanting men, what were the strata- gems practised by the recruiting parties in our towns and villages ? How many thousands of our countrymen were taken by these parties into their rendezvous, and there made drunk, and a shilling slipped into their pockets—secured for the night, and then in the morning taken to the recruiting officer, and there sworn to his face that he had taken the coin in the name of her Ma- jesty, and his only alternative was to join the ranks, or be imprisoned as a deserter. These are the effects of unprincipled, low, vile scoundrels getting into commis- sion to carry out an order of the Government, and, when money is their .object, no act is too base to gain their ends. But who can make any Government responsible for such acts ? That they are discountenanced by the Fe- deral authorities is proved beyond a doubt, in your own paragraph, by your insertion of General Dix, the mili- tary commander of New York's report to the Secretary of War on the subject, when he denouncea it in the bit- terest terms. Now, Sir, the very papers that you quoted as your proofs, beyond a doubt or question, are the strongest proofs to the contrary, because in your first article you asserted that all emigrants to the States were powerless to extricate themselves from the grasp of the Yankee authorities, when the above papers show plainly that they have no less a personage than Lord Lyons, with nu- merous British Consuls, for their protection. In my letter, which I forwarded on the above subject to the CHRONICLE before, I copied a certificate of non- liability, which is given to all aliens on proof before the Board of Enrolment, which you wish the readers of the CHRONICLE to believe is a fallacy, but which is a fact, and has been proved, and the papers you quote do not disprove it. I hope, Sir, for the sake of those who feel concerned in the emigration to America, you will give this a small corner in your columns. I am, Sir, Your correspondent, Beaumaris. G. G.
JOHN MORGAN AND THE BANGOR…
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JOHN MORGAN AND THE BANGOR AND BEAUMARIS UNION EXPENDITURE. To the Editor of the North Wales Chronicle., Sir,—J. M. says that £11,129 were given to paupers outside the Workhouse. To find out whether this account is correct he can- not divin*" What a wouder for such a mighty being; was he not a Guardian for the year ending 25th March, 1864 ? Why, was it not to look after the transaction of the Union that he was chosen by the ratepayers of Llandysilio, and to represent them in the Board, and that Board chose him to be one of the Finance Com- mittee," and yet this man says that he knowB not how to find out whether this account is correct; ought he not as one of the Guardians to see where the money entrusted to his charge was going ? Was he not sum- moned amongst others by the Clerk, to every finance meeting, and to the meeting where the accounts were laid before the Guardiaus, preparatory to their being laid before the auditor as their own account i If he neglected his duty it was high time to put a halt on him. I doubt the correctness of his statement respecting the £ 611 lie. Id. paid for food and clothing, to au average number of about T4 paupers inside the Work- lw.!e. By the Financial Statement ot the Union, I find the Weekly cost per head of paupers to be 2s. 11 for provislli'rl"¡ necessaries, anp clothing. But 74 pau- pers at 2s. li/od; for 52 webia will just make the sum of X568 3., 7ID. So the average number of paupers ia not correct. J. M. had been a Guar&an for a part of the year endiug 25th March, 1860, and the years ending '61, '62, '63, and '64, and last year was a member of the Assess- ment Committee. What has he taken against the clever Clerk V Is it an old grudge for the year that he refused to return him as qualified to be a Guardian; or a return for his non-support of his dastardly attack on the Clerk and the fat Relieving officer. Was he not aware that the Clerk was receiving E100 a-year salary, and £ 10 for the election of Guardians, when a gentle- man proposed in the Assessment Committee that the salary of the Clerk to the said Committee should be X40 a-year ? and who was the man that seconded this re- solution? nobody less than the ex-Guardian for Llan- dysilio and during the years of the "salary advancing mania," is it not plain but that he had a hand in in- creasing it. When he sees from his loom the fat Re- lieving-officer trot, trot, along on horse-back, does he covet the office for his son or is it vengeance on the whole commuity for not supporting his son when he was applying for the office of Relieviug-officer for the Car- narvonshire District No. 1, which salary after the resig- nation of Mr. Preeg had been advanced from £55 toiSO? Next, let us inquire how much in reality is paid to our Union officers. Although there are five Medical- officers, it is only Dr. Ellis that is entangled in his loom. The Doctors salary certainly ia 1100 a-year; and the sum paid for vaccination and visiting lunatics in Dr. Ellis' district last year was £ 36 17s. 7d., and not L68. The fees for registering the vaccination is included in the £ 3tf 17s. 7d. Therefore instead of Mr. Ellis receiv- ing CI68, he received Z136 11s. 7d minus the regis- tration fees. And last, I find fallen into his black colouring pot the Master. What has he done ? Oh he said in the Board that the price he was willing to pay for the picking of his wool was too little. Was it not also hinted that tke wool was from a wreck or something of the sort ? I believe the Master only received for the year ending 25th March, 1864. t42 10s., and not £50. By the Fi- nancial Statement I find that his food and necessaries cost the Union £ 15 18s. 5;d. a-year, and not "the double of his assumed salary" (50). Upon the face of the earth what doe3 the man mean with his clear head ? ANTI-HUMBUG.
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It is asserted that one of the most brilliant meteors ever seen in France passed over Cherbourg a few even- ings since. On Sundav night, whilst the steamer Rainbow was 011 her passage from l.on(loii to Yarmouth, one of the passengers, a stranger, jumped overboard and was drowned. The deliveries of tea in London, estimated for the week ending August 8th, were 1,041,550 lbs., which shows a decrease of 4770 lbs. when compared with the previous statement. A poor woman, far advanced in pregnancy, accident- ally fell head foremost into a deep cutting of the main drainage works at Camberwell, on Saturday night, and was killed. The accounts from Brazil this year seem generally favourable with regard to the coffee crop. In the pro- vince of San Paulo, where the finest sorts are produced, it is said to be especially abundant. Elizabeth Squiers, a married woman, after attempting to murder her child by throwing it from a window as the Wellington Inn, in the city of Exeter, jumped out herself, and received such injuries that she died in two hours. Nearly four acres of furze growing on Kaye's Com- mon, near Bromley, were destroyed by fire on Sunday evening. The flames, which were visible over the whole metropolis, occasioned great alarm, and defied every ef. fort to extinguish them. Catherine Cole, a young woman, the wife of a seaman serving on board her Majesty's gunnery ship Cambridge, was drowned in Plymouth Sound at a late hour on Sa- turday night, by the upsetting of a boat in which she was sailing with her husband. At a fire in Aberdeen, which occurred last week, the women of the neighbourhood stood in the harbour nearly up to the armpits dipping water for the service of the engines. A sturgeon was caught in the Severn, between the Weir and the Lower Lode, on Tuesday last. The fish was a very fine one, being seven feet long, and weighing between two and three cwt. It had a halter passed through its gills, which was secured to a post on the bank. The effects of the excessive drought are being severely felt in Hungary, where, in some of the mountain- ous districts, the peasants are reduced to such misery as to be obliged to eat the leaves of trees and wild roots. Baron Ricasoli, if not already arrived in Paris, is ex- pected immediately, and it is said that the object of his journey is to make a contract with the house of Roths. child for the construction and working of the Southern Italian rail ways. A volunteer at Lanark, who was last week" chaffed" by some women because he was a bad shot, deliberately loaded his rifle with ball and fired at a woman who was only 6 inches from the muzzle. Fortunately she wheeled round and escaped with a flesh wound. The fellow is in custody. The Queen has, in the most gracious manner, for- warded to Capt. Cowper P. Coles, R.N., through Capt. his Serene Highness the Prince Leiningen, U.N., a beau- tifully executed statuette in bronze of his late Royal Highness the Prince Consort, as a souvenir of visit to the Royal Sovereign. A man named Brine attempted to murder his wife at Bath on Sunday evening by shooting her. He bad pro- cured some bullets with which to charge the pistol, but finding they were too large, he cut one of them into four pieces, and loaded the pistol with these and with some tin tacks. Several of these have been extracted from her face and ears. AN ALIBI FOR FRANZ MULLER.-The German Legal Protection Society of London are endeavouring, by means of the most diligent inquiries, and by seeking in- formation from every available quarter, to ascertain what were the precise movements of Franz Muller, the suspected murderer of Mr. Briggs, on the day the mur- der to ?. place. Their object is, if possible, to shew that he was not on the railway at the time of the murder, and that he could have had no connectioll with that fear- ful tragedy. EFFECTS OF THE GOLD DISCOVERIES ON CIVILIZATION. —There is, upon the whole, incontrovertible evidence of a great change in the value of the precious metals in the world, far more extensive than occurred in the 16th century, and upon a different ground-plan; but, like that earlier monetary revolution, it has been neither universal nor equal where it has occurred. It has not been universal, for the Egyptian is almost the only Afri- can enriched; China has netted nothing on the balance of its trade for many years, and the cattle wandering in the pampas of La Plata soon leave the golden circle. Nor has it been equal, for the change has been greater in cheap markets than in dear. But the immense rise of prices in many of the former has been balanced by no corresponding fall in any of the latter markets, and a. great diminution in the value of money on the whole is therefore clear, though to attempt to measure it with precision is vain, and to talk of it in terms of arithmetic is an abuse of figures. The only reasonable conclusion on the subject is, that money has for the present lost much of its purchasing power in the general world of trade-a conclusion by itself little to be desired. To load the exchanges of men-to alter the terms of agree- ment, and disappoint just expectations-to make land- lords unwilling to grant leases, and all classes doubtful about'contracts for time and thrifty investments—were a calamitous result of the enterprise and toils of the miners. And some evil of this kind has undoubtedly been done. The first consequence, too, of the discovery of the new mines was a diminution in the production of commodities. In 1851, half the male population of Vic- toria deserted their occupations for the diggings. In 1850, when the population of the colony was only 76,000, more than 52,000 acres were under cultivation. In 1854, when the population amounted to nearly 237,000, only 34,657 acres were cultivated. In 1860, this very colony imported from the rest of the world consumable commo- dities to the value of more than fifteen millions, and gave commodities in exchange to the value of only four millions and a quarter. British Columbia to this day has produced little but gold, and has levied a continual tribute upon the food, clothing, and implements of the rest of the world. Nevertheless, the good and the gain which have accompanied the evil and the loss are infi- nitely greater. The new gold has not only founded commercial nations of great promise round its sources, and enabled our own nation to work (not only without a paralysing monetary drain, but with triumphant suc- cess), the problem of free trade, and to.))iirebase in most critical times the material of our manufactories; but it has assisted many backward communities to rise rapidly in the scale of civilization, and "wandered heaven- directed to the poor." The rapid rise in the pecuniary value of the labour and produce of teveral such commu- nities, of which evidence has been given, is not merely a sign and effect of ttneirgrowijig prosperity and elevated commercia l position i it b.1s also helped to conduce ta their progress.
BANGOR CLERGY MEETINGS.
Rhestrau Manwl, Canlyniadau a Chanllawiau
Dyfynnu
Rhannu
(continitedfrom 2nd Page.) ftmtocation; and these three bodies being en. tirely distinct in their constitutions, as well as in their where of action, it has been my practice to illustrate that distinction by holding up my two hands. I'he yight baud serves to represent all manner of assemblages exclusively and essentially clerical, that is to say, meet- ings first of the Chapter, secondly of the Diocese, and tturdiy of the Province, or aggregation of Diocese?. The 11t hand represents the independent laity of the Church, that body which 18 mainly instrumental in re- turning members to Parliament, and which has it in iti power so to unite as to make effectual resistance to its con- stitutional wishes impossible. Parochial Associations of faithful Churchmen, and the organization now presented to your notice of faithful Churchwardens, Past and Piv- t!8ut, afford the only voluntary exhibition of independent lav power that can be brought distinctly under view. Then comes the junction of the two hands, or the com- bination of the two forces, the clerical and the lay, to whk'h has been given the name of the Church Institu- tion. Most of you may be aware that not many months ago the Archbishop of Canterbury presided at a public meeting in London, gathered together in behalf of this Institution, which was one of the most important as well as remarkable and unusual meetings ever held. His Grace then and there stated that he looked forward to the day when the central council of that body would (insist of not fewer than a thousand able laymen; and present appearances warrant the anticipation that such eouncil will afford a just and true representation of our several districts, by which phrase are to be understood the Rural Deaneries not of England and Wales alone, but also of Ireland. (Hear, hear.) Its members, it ia to be observed, are for the most part nominees of the clergy- This is not always the case, strictly speaking; but this is the thing intended; this and nothing else, so that what these gentlemen do, the clergy theiiiselves may be said to do This central council will be found perhaps to be the leading feature of The Church Insti- tution. It acts by means of an Executive Committee, elected at the Annual General Meeting of the Council, its several members being themselves elected annually at the several meetings of the Kuridecanal Chapters. It consists, as you have heard, entirely of laymen, who are clerical nominees and it is in the several dÏitric., whether in town or country, that clergy and laity meet together, the latter being still clerical nominees, annually appointed; and all the conjoint meetings being called by the Kural Dean, who presides and adjourns the meet- ing at his good pleasure. These laymen go by the name of oomtiUees, and it is generally found that what. pleases the clergy p'eases them also. So far so good But it has been often remarked, and by none more earnestly than by the, clergy themselves, that we want the rough and the smooth, not the smooth only. We want all classes to be heard, and all opinions to tie ex- pressed. Without this our Bishops will in vain make utterances, either in Parliament or in Convocation. Without this, Churchmen will deserve to lie compara- tively feeble. How then is this to be safely, but effec- tually accomplished ? The problem is confessedly difficult, but a solution has been attempted. Xow in speaking of the means of independent action which the Association of Churchwardens, Past and Present, is supposed to supply to the laity, Jet me not be ■expected to advocate or recommend anything republican, congregational, cr democratic, because this would be entirely alien to Holy Scripture, and opposed to the spirit of Christianity (Hear, hear.) We read nothing of the kind in the New Testament, and to this you know that some Dissenters are very fond of referring us in support of the vain assertions which at times they ad- vance. No, my lord, let them and all the world be- aides be challenged to point out any Church named in the New Testament, which was not governed by and subject to Apostles. (Cheers.) The government of our Church is in like manner intended to be apostolic and let no one here suppose that the Associated Church- wardens contemplate any innovation upon the ancient order of Bishops, Priests, and Deacons. (Cheers.) We feel that if the measures proposed by our assembled clergy fail to please unbelievers, they will in all proba- bility give satisfaction to the faithful laity; on which account clerical meetings should be encouraged bv all in authority, from the Government downwards. Let jno now proceed to describe the constitution of the Churhwardens' Association, which will, perhaps, be found unique in its character. We have in Mr. Petter an excellent chairman of the Central or Managing Com- mittee. Mr. Waller is the deputy chairman; Mr. Hugh Williams, well known by his contributions to the Welsh Press under the name of Cadvan, is honorary secretary as well as treasurer. Mr. Butterworth is assistant honorary secretary. Besides these four officers, the number of ordinary com- mitteemen is limited to eight; the post asaigued to my- self for the present, being that of organising secretary, in which capacity it is that you are now pleased to re- ceive me. We are 12 in all and looking to the future —however considerable the entire organization may eventually become—we do not consider that any increase in that number will be necessary. Should my life be spared, my utmost exertions will be used to promote the efficiency of the Associations and my hope is, that God will so bless our labours, that in the event of my removal, none of the clergy shall have cause to wish for the discontinuance of the organization. (Cheers). At the end of the year, the chairman resigns his office into the hands of the Committee. They first appoint his suc- cessor, and then themselves resign their seats on the committee before the annual meeting takes place. When that meeting is held, a discussion arises, a Heport is presented, and resolutions are proposed. The meeting, M such, has no further power; and when it is over, the new chairman nominates, first, his deputy, then the hon. secretary, and lastly, the assistant hon. secretary. These four have power to add to their number, which can be completed gradually, in the usual way, at the discretion of those already appointed, and thus it is that the evils of democracy are avoided. (Hear, hear). The whole body of the Association consists of men -who have at any period of their lives been churchwar- dens, and is by no means limited to those now serving the office. It does not assume a party character, nor subserve party purposes. Any man is eligible as a mem- ber of the Association, who gives satisfaction to the clergy, and other inhabitants of the parish in which he dwells), and every full member contributes a minimum subscription of 20s. Local Committees in aid of the Central Committee are in course of formation, and a favourable movement has long been taking place at Cambridge. Chester, and Chiswick. At the latter place members of the Local Association subscribe money for their local expenses, and at the end of the year they re- mit to London the balance in hand. Sometimes the remark is made, that country wardens are very illiterate. Be it so; but from what class is it that Dissenters de- rive that support which causes ?hem to be exceedingly feared by our authorities in Church and State ? Why cannot we strengthen our position in the social fabric from the same classes 1\ It must verily be done; and for this purpose laymen as well as clergyuieu must exert an amount of practical liberty to which we have been strangers. (Hear, hear), Not that the national clergy should have liberty to teach other things to the people, than were taught by Christ and His Apostles (hear, hear,)—nor should Christian laymen deem themselves justified in using their liberty so as to breed and perpe- tuate divisions But we, the laity, may usefully exer- cise a freedom of speech and a freedom of meeting, to which we have been unaccustomed. We, the Churcb Laity, may say and do many thiugs which would be most impru- dent and unseemly if coming from the clergy. You cannot, for example, continually proclaim the value and importance of an apostolic ministry. Leave us to do that. You cannot restrain rebellion, and meet the swelling tide of a haughty and imperious, not to say arbitrary and tyrannical democracy. We can do it for vou and. please God, we will do it in double quick time, while you are thinking about it. (Cheers and laughter.) The remarks of Cauou Williams were most appro- priate, when he reminded us that these are days of rail- roads and telegrams; adding that every thing points to union. Perhaps the truth of the ease goes even beyond that; and we may be nearer to the realisation of the fond hopes which some indulge as to Christian union. than is commonly believed. My respected friend here on the left (the Dean) has said more about unity, and has given me more useful hints about it than any man of my acquaintance. Hw temper is never ruffled by contradiction. He is never weary of discussion, even though it last for a twelvemonth; and it, is no small comfort and privilege to have him at my elbow a protector such as one of the Bangor slates mentioned to you before. (Laughter.) Long ago my excellent friend published, in English and in Welsh, a letter on the subject of Union among Christians; and when we remember that as many as twelve thousand earnest and devoted men are in the habit every day of retiring into their closets, at a stated hour, and falling on their knees before their God on this behalf, it is no very unreasonable hope that their prayers will be heard Whenever the time comes, burely it will not be on any principles of man's devizing that such blessed union will be realiaed. Men must come to the principles first laid down by Christ, and acted on by tho.e whom he com- missioned to feed aud to teach his lambs. Thus, and thus only, do we seem entitled to hope for a blessing on any exertions that may be made. If we proceed on any other principle, it appears not difficult to predict that we shall meet with merited disappointment It is in this spirit and with these views that the Cen- tral Committee of Churohwardens are accustomed to deliberate. As Christian laymen living in the world and meeting from time to time to comndor the present ltate of things in Christendom, especially that Vast metropolis wherein our own lot is ca?t, we feel that we cannot do less than claim the whole world for Christ. Yes, literally, the: whole <4 it. And if so, the same claims must be set up for every small distncij Or portion thereof, in which Christ must be worshipped M the invisible and supreme Head, with one, and oloy one, visible spiritual head under Him, cailed the Bishop. In respect of government, we tWy the liberty which some men dream of. We repudiate it utterly. The Christian religion places us in a position of subjection to all its fundamental rules, which embrace ideas of apos- tolic order, and unity; every brother having his alloted post or station in the whole society or fellowship. Human governments, we acknowledge, and human laws we obey, but both of tlae are external to the ecclesias- tical polity and inferior to it. This Christian polity is our mistress, and the only true liberty allowed us is freedom from sin, liberty in our day and gene- ration to serve God whose service is perfect freedom. AVe call upon every one to whom gifts and ability are given to come forward and assist all of your lordship's high order in remedying the evils consequent on the non-performance of duties incumbent on the laity of all classes, churchwardens and others. We call on our Bishops to rise to the emergency, and give to all earnest hearts that encouragement which is so influential and so deeply felt. We do this, not as wishing to exalt our revered Bishops unduly, but because of our confidence in the divine character of their office, because, apart from all theory, we find them so universally and so lovingly disposed to make the best of all oppor- tunities for good, and to welcome true Christian sympathy. by whomsoever manifested. And here let me narrate an interesting occurrence which took place at Chester, only yesterday on my way hither from London. My friend, Mr. George Harrison, met me at the railway station, and having been success- ful in obtaining above five hundred signatures to the address about to be presented to the metropolitans of the two provinces of Canterbury and York, lie wished to introduce m" to several working men, whose honest and earnest Chritian feeling had led them to append their names with elasticity. This having been done, a most gratifying interchange of sentiment took place on divers spiritual questions, one Mr. Williams being the spokesman on their si Ie. They listened with eager interest to my account of the movement iu hand in our church, and gave me reason to hope for a lengthened in- terview with them on some future occasion, which new, perhaps, be at no very distant period. The inner life to be found in the great and interesting dioceses of Chester and Manchester is not unknown to me; and Bangor, too, is a diocese which may well be mentioned, both Oil account of the ready ztal and enlightened dis- cernment of many a quariymau within its bor- ders, and also on account of the earnest manner in which that zeal is at once welcomed and stimulated by so many ofthe clergy. The true idea oE lav co-operation is not that of a class movement, llich and poor meet together in the house of God, anil ;is the Lord is the maker of them all, so may all well and truly co-operate to the praise and glory of Hit blessed name. The movement which the associated churchwar- dens would promote, is a loving movement, and not one of force or compulsion. If Christian men do not see the suitableness and biesseduess of once more gathering themselves under one spiritual head on earth, the, Bishop, we must abide the Lord's time, and hope for the da;y when they wiH "pouhrwfJu.,ly aud eagerly do M; the people looking up to the immediate duly ordained pastor of the locality, and pastors as well as people looking up to the Bishop. Those who reject the apostolic and Scriptural principle of the episcopacy, instead of having one true Bishop over them, are very apt to have many spurious one, But in apostolic times there were no competing or rival Btlt ill "l p (,, liishops and to me it seems scarcely to admit of a question |hat Christian men, now living amongst us, but not being of us, too often rearing edifices of various kinds merely in opposition, and almost always under a painful inner sense of mediocrity if not inferiority, would find themselves far happier, socially, and far bet- ter spiritually, under your Lordship's wing, than as they now are, with whatever amount of pride and self flattery, outside the consecrated pale of their fathers and of Christian antiquity. When we speak of unity, we, of course, look at Roman Catholics, aud not at them only, but at Hebrews also. As for the Pope, I am only able to understand him as Bi"hop of Rome, and metropoli- tan and the sooner he confines himself to his own dis- trict, the better for himself and for mankind at large. And aa for the Hebrew nation, we not uncommonly pray for their ingathering, and that they may look on Him whom they pierced. A reflection upon their past history Jakes us back to a very early times, and at length we come to that earliest of all time, when Adam fell under the curse of God, and when the one atonement was pro- vided. Whether or not, the Hebrew divine will submit to a discussion, we have a right to assume his common belief with ourselves in the two cardinal points of Adam's transgression, and subsequent reconciliation and surely that the scales may be taken from his eyes as to the fact of the incarnation would be an appropriate prayer at all Christian conferences. In connection with the subject of such conferences, it will be appropriate to lay oil the table fifty copies of a letter from the Rev. Geo. Bradley Sweet, to our hon. secretary, Mr. Hugh Williams, on the subject of lay agency as conducive or instrumental to Christian Union. Mr. Sweet is known as having been one of the earliest and foremost, and most successful advocator of the re- vival of Synodal action. The efforts of himself and fiieflds htve been richly blessed in the English branch of the United Church, and we hope that ere long, similar success will be experienced in Ireland. Then may Lay Agency be set forward on a wide scale, i and none can tell what may follow on its developement in due subordina- tion to the clergy both individually, and in their lawful Sy- aods. It would be presumptuous now to speak at greater length, nor, happily, is it competent to me to solicit any forward expression of opinion concerning what has been advanced. Let me conclude by thanking you for the kind attention with which you have heard me, and by requesting you to peruse the papers laid on the table. You will further oblige me by putting any questions you please concerning the Association to which your atten- tion has been drawn. (Loud and continued applause.) Rev. P. C. ELLIi-I,,iy I ask what object the Church- wardens' Association has distinct from the Church In- stitution ? H. HOARE, Esq.—The Church Institution by its rules cannot discuss any doctrines. In practical matters con- nected with doctrines the members encourage each other to a faithful discharge of duties. Among other things they think they may very legitimately discuss the ques- tion of the desirableness of having a new set of canons. Rev. P. V. ELLIS further asked how this was to work so as to strengthen the hands of the clergy, and how were they to bring themselves into connection with the bodv.in London? Mr. HOARE said it was important that the whole body should move together. With reference to the canon of baptism we should be guided by the opinions of various schools, not of one. Rev. E. PUGElE asked whether the churchwardens (say of this Diocese) were to act in Bangor or in Lon- don. Mr HOARE repliedthat they were toact locally and to consult with, not only the clergy, but with the wisest and most discreet lay churchmen of the parish. The BISHOP said he had listened with great attention to the different papers read, and the discussion which followed. He thought the first one by Dr. Hill deserved special attention. No one aquainted with the church in Wales can fail to see the great want which exists for that education which precedes w hat might be termed the highest professional education. It was quite im- possible that the colleges could do the work of the school, The latter must precede the former, else edu- cated men could not be got to discharge the important duties of the ministry. No one was more capable of shewing how that defect might be remedied than Dr. ??,illbiluself. The question which might with propriety be asked was whether self-supporting boarding houses could not be attached to their Endowed Schools. They .hould. however, take great care not to depreciate the quality of the school in order to increase the number ot the scholars. Let not the tone of instruction be lowered, else they would be losing a great deal and gaining very little. He also wished to express his concurrence with Mr Henry Owen, in the valuable paper read by him on the "University in Wales." lie (the Bishop) thought their great object ought to be to improve what they had rather than to add to what they had. Lampeter College, which by the construction of railways was getting more and niove accessible every year, was capable of much improvement. With regard to the paper on 11 Sunday Scbools," he quite appreciated the difficulties which might be experienced in getting a clerical inspector of the schools; but he believed that considerable emulation would be excited by bringing together schools at in- tervals of time. Of course, be alluded to those local- ities which were closely situated or contiguous toeach other, where schools were held. He referred for instance to a district amid a large central population, where there would be found four churches within easy access, having all the elements of success within themselves. It there were only three services in a church on the Sunday, and other circumstances permitting, an inspection of the nature alluded to, might beadvantageously held at stated periods He had also listened with much attention to the address which they had been favoured with by Mr. Hoare on the" Churchwardens' Association. it was generally acknowledged the more the clergy and laity were brought together the better it whould be for the church itself. The clergy, he believed, were willing and indeed very desirous to co-operate with the laity in every- thing that would tend to benefit the church; he had no doubt also but that all would give their best attention to the documents which Mr. Hoare had kindly laid on the table The suggestions made would, of course, be subject for f uture consideration, how they best could be brought to practical workingorder. Each neighbourhoodwould enter into the scheme and decide as to the desirability of carry- ing it out. In conclusion he thanked them all for their attendance that day and the day before, when important business was. transacted. Iu his opinion the prospects of the chureli- looked now much brighter than in time past. He pomted. to. th* increased exertion* now made in stiplplyirig the outward fabric of God's temples. He had consecrted more churches that year than he did the previous four years of his connection with this Dio- cese. Many of those consecrated this year were built by the efforts of a great number of people, others by indi. vidtials, which shewed the necessity was fully felt, and that the good work would go on with increasing ratio for years to come. There were some places in the Diocese In a state of want aa regards the structure, the remedy- ing of which wad only a matter of days or years, whilst there were some to which the same remark would not apply, otich as Nan tile, which contained a population of 2,000, but had no church within their reach. He also mentioned Portmadoc, where a church was much wanted. His Lordship tcxumed his neat after making some other hints and suggestions useful to the church in this diocese. Canon WI&LUMS, as senior clergyman of this diocese, thought they were bound to thank God for the bright days now before them. For his own part he felt very grateful for the spirit which had been displayed at that meeting, contrasted with what he had witnessed fifty years ago. The BISHOP then pronounced the benediction, and the meeting separated.