The Cardigan Observer and General Advertiser for the Counties of Cardigan Carmarthen and Pembroke

THE PRINCE OF WALES. The Prince of Wales has arrived at Abergeldie 0 Castle, where it is expected he will sojourn for tl two or three weeks. When the train steamed into a Perth the Prince was received by Lord Provost n Richardson. After breakfasting, the Prince left by d the ordinary train at 9.30 a.m. for the northern route to Abergeldie. The train was timed to arrive at C Aberdeen at 12.40 p.m., but it was 1.20 before ti the station was reached. A large number of c ladies and gentlemen were assembled on the tA plattorm. The Prince's saloon and a few ear- tl riages were formed into a special train and left at e 1 37 p.m. A stoppage was made at Aboyne, on the II way up, and Ballater was reached at 3.15. Although t the weather was extremely boisterous a considerable r crowd, chiefly of ladies, assembled at the station. 1 The detachment of 79th Highlanders, at present i stationed at Ballater as a Guard of Honour, was 8 drawn up in front of the station and as his Boyal t Highness left the station the guard presented arms- i The Prince having ascended the boot of the carriage t which was in waitiog took the reins from his coach- man and drove off amid the cheers of the crowd, I which he acknowledged by raising his hat; The j journey to Abergeldie was accomplished by the south ] side of the river. The Princess of Wales is expected I to arrive at Abergeldie iater in the month. < —

DEATH THROUGH DRINK.—Mrs. Bravo, the widow of the barrister of that name whose mysterious death at Balham caused 80 much excitement, has just died suddenly at her residence in Southsea. An in- quest has been held on her body, a medical man having in the meantime made a pott mortem exami- nation, which showed that death was mainly the result of the excessive use of alcoholic stimulants, a conclusion which was fully supported by the evidence of the other witnesses. AT THE CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT, Thomas Smithers, by occupation an hotel cook, was sentenced to death for the wilful murder, through jealousy, of Amy Judge, a married woman with whom he had been living. THE NAILMAXER8* STRIKE, after lasting ten weeks, during which many thousands of families have suffered severe privations, has at length come to an end, the men having resumed work on the masters' terms. THE FIFTY-FOUR HOURS' SYSTEM IN THE NORTH BRITISH RAILWAY WORKS.—The attempt made by the North British Railway Company to re establish the fifty-four hours' week in their works throughout Scotland has met with considerable success. The notice of the increase of hours from fifty-one to fifty- lour, which some time ago was posted at Oowlairs, near Glasgow, and at St. Margaret's, at Edinburgh, was put up at the other works of the company at Burnt-island. A large number of the mer employed there refused in consequence to return to their work, but after hearing the report of a deputa- tion they had sent to St. Margaret's, they resumed labour, agreeing to the extended hours. That the company have gained the mastery over the men is now virtually settled, as of the 1400 men who came out at Cowlairs, the large majority have resumed work, and the places of the others are filled. A similar state of matters exists at St. Margaret's, where only twenty-eight of the men who struck work are still out on strike. Encouraged by the company's success, a large manufacturing firm in Edinburgh has given notice to their men of an exten- sion of hours, and other firms are expected to follow their example. AMERICAN BANK ROBBERY.—Concordia is a town of about 1500 inhabitants, in Lafayette County, on the Lexington and St. Louis Railroad. The prin- cipal banking business of all that part of Lafayette County is done by the Concordia Savings Bank. On the afternoon of the 24th ultimo three men entered the bank. One of them asked the cashier, who was alone, to change a 810 bill. While he was chang- ing the bill another man jumped over the counter and caught the cashier by the arm and placed one hand over his meuth. They then took what money was in sight, and, putting a pistol to the cashier's head, told him to open the safe. He did so, and the robbers took all the paper money in the safe —between 83000 and$4000—refusing to take the silver, of which there was between 82000 and 13000. During the robbery a gentleman named Sodeman passed nexr the bank, and one of the robbers, who was guarding the door. sailed on him to advance, instead of which he turned and ran. The robber fired at Sodeman, and missed him. The thieves then mounted their horses and galloped off in a southerly direction. The robbery occupied about ten minutes. STRATFORD-ON-AVON CHURCHYARD.—A com- munication has been received from the Home Office addressed to the churchwardens of Stratfon on-Avon, stating that it is the intention of the Secretary of State to advise her Majesty that the parish church- yard of Stratford-on-Avon be forthwith closed, ex- cept as regards existing vaults and walled graves, every coffin buried in which shall be separately en- closed by stone or brickwork properly cemented, and except as regards existing family graves, which can be opened without the exposure of cemns. It has been authoritatively stated that no less than 100,000 persons have been buried in the churchyard, which is but a little over three acres in extent, and has been constantly used for upwards of 1000 years. Scarcely a grave could be dug without disturbing the remains of one or twe bodies, and some sickening sights have been repeatedly witnessed at funerals. The authorities are required to provide a cemetery immediately. JosEpH ABEL, of Farringdon, was summoned for the twenty-third time before the magistrates for non-cempliance with the Vaccination Acts. Defen- dant was represented by Mr. Ames Booth, of Leicester, who stated that these proceedings were taken in direct opposition to the wish of the Local Government Board, and that such prosecutions were persecutions of the worst type. The Bench granted an order, making the twenty-third in thirty months. HOMES FOR CHILDREN.—The Orphan Cottage Homes for Children for Scotland, which are situated in the vicinity of Glasgow, has just been opened. They are placed on a farm of forty acres, and besides a central building there are to be ten cottages, three of which, besides the central house, have already been built. In the central building is a school, to accom- modate 200 children, and above are work and recep- tion rooms. Each cottage is to contain thirty children. Every attention has been paid to the caret and train- ing of the children. The cost of the buildings alone is estimated at .£24,000. A letter from Mr. W. E. Gladstone was re*d at the opening ceremony, stating his inability to be present, but cordially sympathising with the object in view. STRUGGLE WITH A BEAR.—A woodcutter and his son were working at Mont Saint-Eynard, near Grenoble (Isdre), when they were suddenly attacked by an enormous bear. The animal sprang upon the younger man, who is of great strength, i,nd they both fell, rolling over and struggling desperately. The ground at that spot slopes rapidly downwards towards a precipice 300 or 400 metres deep. As they were rolling swiftly dewn the declivity, they came with a great shock against a stump of a tree and were separated by the blow. The young man was able to clutch hold of the roots and keep his position until his father came to his assistance. But the bear went rolling over and over until at last it plunged from the top of the cliff into a stream below, being, of course, killed by the fall. Its body was found the next day and cooveyed10 the village, wher the flesh was sold at forty centimes the kilogramme. < ONE BROTHER SHOT BY ANOTHER.—Two brothers, Louis and Francois Mauri n, of the village of Mans, in the Commune of Roche-en.Regnier, began I quarrelling on Sunday evening at the house of an i acquaintance, another mm ef the name of Barral ] being also present. Seeing that a struggle between them was about to take place, Souill6 their ac- quaintance turned them out of his house. Louis i Maurin then pursued his brother, and when t Francis had nearly reached his dwelling he f cried out to him "Don't pass the threshold, < or you are a dead man." Barral and Souill6 tried to I prevent Louis from advancing; but he repulsed them, and continued his way. Presently two gun-shots were f heard, and when Barral and Souillé returned they i found Louis Maurin crouched against a wall at a dis- ( tance of about ten paces from his brother's door. e The unhappy man had received both the shots in a ( vital part, and he expired at two the following morn- c ing. His brother Francis had coolly gone to his brother-in-law's at Roche-enRegnier, where he was i arrested. i TmmmLB TOYS.—A few weeks ago a sailor i was shot dead on board a vessel in the Liverpool c docks by another sailor armed with a six-chambered J. Colt of such diminutive size that it might have been i conveniently put in one's waistcoat pocket. Now we 1 he,ve the account of an inquest at Leamington on the i: T°nng lady who "died from a self-inflicted 't sbot from a similar weapon, described by a cerre- n spondent as a "toy-revolver." Surely the word v 18 singularly misapplied in relation to these s terrible weapons, and again we would urge that some ii restriction should be put upon their sale and use. A a vendor of comparatively harmless crackers is com- n pelltd to take out a license, but gunsmiths may sell n these deadly toys to all comers without either leave n or license." o

ST. PAUL'S NEW CHIME OF BELLS. Upon November 1st, All Saintrf Day, the citizens of London will hear chimes from their cathedral i belfry, which has been dumb for 212 years. It was J an enormous effort which the nation made to raise t a building worthy to replace Old St. Paul's, and when the edifice was complete ne funds remained I to furnish it with bells. The omission is not j entirely to be regretted. Before the reign of < Charles II. Eaglish founders had gone far upon 1 that vicious road which led to the ruin of i a mystery" wherein they were once preemi- nently skilled. Oar bells were shrill and clangy, the due proportion of metal was not exactly kept. Those who cared tor tone sought it in the foundries of the Continent, and to this day our skilful and conscien- tious manufacturers have scarcely persuaded their countrymen that bells can be cast in England equal to those of Belgium or France. The reason for this decadence is simple to explain. English ringers early learnt a pretty and effective, but fatiguing practice which is still unknown abroad. They throw the bell mouth upwards at each stroke when" change- ringing," and thus, as men grew less zealous at their work, a demand arose for peals of lighter metal. The result desired could be gained without alteration of the size only by thinning the" sound bew," that sudden expansion of the lower lip on which the clapper strikes, and, in degree much less important, by disarranging the natural proportion of the metals used. The sound-bow" should be of a thickness varying by the size of the bell, between one-thirteenth and one- fourteenth of the diameter; but the pressure which lazy ringers could lay upon unscientific patrons gradually reduced the proper ratio. Many bells cast after deterioration set in are but one-sixteenth of the diameter, and few are more than one-fifteenth. The two with which Saint Paul's was provided, the service bell cast in 1700, and the clock bell cast in 1712, are rather bad examples of the system prevail ing. The poverty of their tone will be painfully audible when the new peal becomes familiar. The hanging of bells is no light matter, and the principles of acoustics have still te be ascertained. All that Wren did was admirable—in his great work at least—and no practical person doubts that his belfry is unequalled in Europe for construction. But we have not his judgment to aid us in fixing the position of the "tenor" and the "treble," which answer differently to the ringer's hand in different situations. Places, however, have been chosen with anxious care and theught. For some days past the bells have been hung, without their clappers, and they rest brim upwards, in old English fashion. "Tenor" is a name granted by habit to the largest of a peal, whatever its tone, as "treble" to the smallest. The tenor of St. Paul's is toned in B flat; it hangs in the south-west corner, a mass weighing 63 cwt., and measuring 6ft. 8in. in diameter, but handled like a toy. It was presented by the Corporation. No. 11, scarcely smaller, is a gift of the Grocers' Company, 10 of the Cloth- workers', 9 of the Fishmongers', 8 of the Merchant Taylors', 7 of the Salters', 6, 6, 4, 3 of the Turners', aided by the Baroness Burdett-Ooutts, 2 and 1 of the Drapers'. The lower numbers, of course, are vastly smaller and less costly, the treble weighing only 8cwt. The peal entire weighs rather more than thirteen tons, and cost about £2600; whilst the Chapter has expended near .£1000 in pre- paring the belfry for it and in getting it into position. The bells were cast by Messrs. Taylor, of Lough- borough, representatives of a family engaged for several generations in the craft near Oxford. These, bells altogether are scarcely more than twice the weight of that which strikes the hours, already mentioned. The exercise of their new peal has already begun, and all day the great cups of metal are tossing and turning, though silent, under manipulation of the ringers. Enthusiasts of the charming mystery are beginning to arrive in high excitement, and they find an appreciative soul in Dr. Stainer, organist of the cathedral, who has superintendence of the belfry. This master of arts musical can discourse in their own tongue, and give the proper answer to questions that deal familiarly with brasses" and "gudgeons," "straps," "dogs," "gibs," and bell- maniacs alone know what Bewildering indeed is the speech ef these gentlemen. Whilst expecting the joyous chimes which for near 200 years London has awaited —with exemplary patience, be it added—a climb into the belfry will be repaid by sight of that mechanism. Stafldartl.

THE DUNKERS IN PENNSYLVANIA. The Dunkers in Berks, Cumberland, Lebanon, Northumberland, and adjacent counties of Pennsyl- vania are queer people, having as little in common with the American character as with the Ashantees. They are extremely industrious and extremely pious, as they understand piety; but they have little mere idea of or inclination to progress than the mummies in the catacombs of Egypt. The Bible is their chief book, and they seldom read any other. They observe the original Sabbath, not the Christian one. They partake of the Lord's Supper at night, and wash one another's feet as part of the ceremonies —an evidence of humility enjoined, they think, by the Scriptures. Favouring celibacy, they do not enforce it, knowing that on marriage depends the perpetua- tion of society, and only on this ground do thay sanc- tion it. Formerly, they held all property in common, but they divide it at present after the manner of the world. They have been in Pennsylvania 170 years nearly, and they still speak a language that cannot be understood except by themselves. Originally, it was Dutch and German, but now it is so strange a mixture of the two as not to be intelligible to Dutch, Germans, English, or Americans. They work from three o'clock a,m. to eight p.m. at this season, all the women and children taking part in the labours of the field. They are by no means ascetic, for they take five meals a day, and very substantial ones, during harvest, and allow nothing to interfere with their re- gular work and accumulation. They keep a sharp look-out, in a word, for both worlds.

RELEASE OF FENIAN PRISONERS. The Fenian prisoners, Oondon and Melody, have been discharged from Portland Prison. They left by the 9 30 a.m. train for Southampton (their port of em- barkation), in charge of Mr. Oorbett, deputy- governor, Mr. Brooks, chief warder, and Mr. Acott. principal warder. On account of the strictest secrecy having been preserved, little excitement was mani- fested at their departure. A special carriage for their use was provided by the railway company to enable the party to travel without change of carriage. Both prisoners are men of one stature, and most healthy appearance. Everything respecting taem was denied until they were on board the North German Lloyd's steamship Mosel. It then transpired that they were taken to Radley's Hotel, one of the first in the town, by the Portland officials, and thence to the ship, on board which first-class passages to New York were taken for them, the Queen's pardon being handed to them as the vessel sailed, about two o'clock in the morning. SERIOUS CHARGE AGAINST SHOE MANUFAC- TURER8.-At the Stafford Borough Police-court, James Morton and Thomas Fairbanks, shoe manufacturers of Stafford, were charged with causing to be delivered to Hannah Gosling, a widow, of Nottingham, a certain false representation of an order of the Staffordshire County Court; also with conspiring to obtain from her by false pretences the sum of 3s., with intent to cheat and defraud. The prosecution was at the instance of the Treasury, for whom Mr. Morgan, of Stafford, appeared. It appeared that the defen- dants, who are in partnership, recently wrote to Mrs. Gosling, pressing for the payment of an account. Not receiving the money, instead of putting her in the county court, they sent her a printed form resembling in almost every particular the usual order of the County Court for the payment of a debt, and charging 3s. "for costs incurred." It was headed, however, Preliminary notice," and instead of direct- ing the payment of the money to the Registrar of the Court, ordered the payment to the plaintiffs." The form got into the handa of the Begistrar of the Nottingham County Court who sent it to Mr. Spila- bury, the Begistrar of the Stafford Court. The defence was that the defendants had no intention of defraud- ing, and only sent the form to make the woman pay tbe money at once. The Ss. they considered was due for the cost of stationery and postage. The Bench committed the defendants for trial, admitting them to bail. As SUBSTANTIAL PROOF that American enter- prise in South America has begun to reap its reward, it is mentioned that 80 prominent firm has re- ceived an order from Brazil tor S160,000 of railroad supplies and of equipments for a new line now being constructed from the Brazilian coast to a rich coffee district in the interior. SINGULAR FBEAK OF NATURE.—There is just now at No. 8, Boulevard de Plainpalais, Paris, a sight which is worth the attention of those who feel interested in the study of the human frame, and who care to see one of dame nature's most singular freaks A little boy, or shall we say two little boys ? for they have two heads, four arms, two hearts, and four lungs, making in reality, two distinct eating, breath- ing, and thinking individualities, but one person from the waist downwards, having only one pair of legs, mav be seen reposing on their little bed, and giving vent to all the usual crowing, gurgling, attempts at speech, which babies of a tender age usually indulge in. There is nothing repulsive about their appear- ance, for they are rather pretty children, and were it not for the excessive emaciation of their srms, and a port of wondering unchildlike look in their eleven months' old faces, are fair average specimens of little ) ones rather under that age.

FRUITS FROM AUSTRALIA. Having successfully introduced the vine, and apread ts cultivation in all directions over its fertile soil, and m laving more or less successfully attempted to emulate a he European vineyards in their produce of wine, It Australia ia making a bid to supply us with the choice ai tinds of fruits which we are prevented from growing ai or ourselves through the fickleness of our climate, E )r the smokiness of our atmosphere, which no lumber of Noxious Vapours Commissions ,aeem a ible to purify. In three or four various d forms, the aplendid peaches, apricots, and plums e ahe apples and pears, the melons and grapes of p ;he southern hemisphere are likely to reach us. a Hitherto, only apples and pears, being least BUS- SI eeptible of damage during the long voyage, have o reached us in safety without any protective packing, r The more delicate apricots and melons have had to be d preserved in tina, in which case they will keep d good for an unlimited period; though, of course, a losing their delicacy of flavour in the process. Jams, It though produced in excellent quality, have not, a hitherto, found a market out of the country, the f expense of manufacture and freight placing them a out of competition with the cheaper prodnce of the 1 Old World. But a new outlet for the fresh unmanu- s factored fruits of the Australian colonies is likely to (j be opened by packing them in ice, and shipping them 1 in the fast steamen now plying between that country i "nd London. An attempt will be made to place the ( finest selected fruits of the Antipodes on the markets of London in such a state, and at such prices, as to i compete with the produce of English gardena and ] hothouses. We already go far enough afield in j search of choice fruits, and it is only a question of 1 price whether Australia is to become one of our sources of supply. The cultivation of oranges is being taken up with energy both in New South Wales and Victoria, and as thin fruit can be gathered unripe, and will mature on the voyage, there will be lees risk of loss than in the transport of "atone" or wall- fruit. Aa the Beason for all these fmits in Australia is exactly the period when they cannot be obtained here, the probability of remunerative prices is all the greater.

SUSPECTED MURDER IN A WOOD. Mr. J. B. Collinga, the coroner, opened an inquiry at the Blue Post Inn, Milton, on the body of Mr. James Edward Oampbell, aged anout 39 years, who is alleged to have been murdered and robbed in Nile Wood, Milton. The coroner said from information he had received he did not intend to go fully into the case then. The deceased had been found shot, and if all was true that he had heard, the inqmry would turn out to be one of a very serious nature, and under those circumstances he ahould only take evidence all to the identity of the de- ceased, the finding of the body. and the medi- cal evidence as to the cause of death, and then adjourn the proceedings. Mrs. Sarah Campbell, of Windacombe-road. Milton, deposed that the deceased was her husband, and was a retired timber merchant and builder. She last saw him alive on Wednesday week. He then left home to visit some friends in the West-end. 'He was then in his usual good health, and before starting kissed witness and said he should return home on the following even- ing, but she never after that saw him alive. He was once ill-treated by some roughs in the wood where he was found dead, and after that he was again seized upon and robbed; but he was not a person likely to destroy his own life. James Mor- gan, a labourer, living in Nightingale-place, Milton, deposed that on Saturday morning last he was pass- ing through Nile Wood, Milton, when he found the body of the deceased. He was lying on some grass between two large trees, and was covered with blood. Hia clothing was very much deranged, and one of his trouser pockets turned inside out. About three yards from the body he found one of Colt's patent aix- ohambered revolvers. Five of the barrels were loaded with cartridge, but the other one had been discharged. Dr. J. Murphy said he saw the body. The head of the deceased was very much shattered, and the brains were protruding. The bullet had entered from the back of the heed, and had made its way completely through the front of the face. In answer to the coroner, the witness said it was impossible for the deceased to have shot himself in the place where the bullet first took effect MlI. Campbell further Did that the revolver which was found was bought about two months ago by the de- ceased from Colt's Fire-arms Manufacturing Com- pany, Pall-mall; he always carried it about with him for protection. The inquiry was adjourned.

A JEALOUS WIDOW AND HER LOVER The Drogheda correspondent of the Freeman't Journal says: "At the Mayor's Court, Drogheda, before the Hon. Captain Plunkett, a young man named Francis Oooney, employed as a booking clerk in Messrs. Whitworth's factory, at Westgate, and a woman named Catherine Murray, a widow, with whom he lodged, were brought up charged with sending a threatening letter to Mr. Nicholas Whitworth, son of Mr. William Whitworth, MP., and manager of the ccnoern. The case for the prosecution ia that the male prisoner wrote the letter at the dictation ef the female. The letter was produced in court. It was an illegible, badly spelt and ungrammatical scrawl, in a school- boy hand, informing Mr. Whitworth that he was hereby commanded by Captain Rock to put out of his employment Margaret Collins and Maurice Collins, or his life would pay the forfeit of non-com- pliance with the demand. On the bottom of the second page was a rude drawing of a coffin in red pencilling, with a hand pointing to it. The evidence of Mr. William Whitworth, M.P.; Mr. N. Whit- worth, Mr. Hull, chief clerk in the factory; and Sub-inapector Garrett was taken, relating to the reception of the letter, and the efforts of the police to trace the authors. The evidence of a woman named Bridget Maguire, generally a servant to the female prisoner, was also taken, and it dis- closed the fact that her mistress, Mrs. Murray, was in love with Oooney, and was extremely jealous of Mar- garet Collins, for fear she would engage the attentions of her Adonis. A bitter feeling rankled in Mrs. Murray's mind, and she actually went to Mr. William Whitwort., accusing Collins of improper conduct, and aekinlhim to dismiss her from his employment, which be would not do except aome fault was proved against her. The envelope of the letter bore the mark of an impressed stamp on the flap, and a wooden seal, with corresponding marks, was found by the police on searching the house of the female prisoner. The handwriting in the letter was not identified, although several characters in it were proved by Mr. Hull to be aimilar to others in the books kept by Oooney. The case was adjourned for further inquiry to next petty sessions."

A RIVER OF DEATH. Some of the evidence given before the coroner, says the Globe, points Itrongll to the conclusion that poison may have partly conduced to swell the number of vietims at the loss of the Princess Alice. Close to where the collision took place the foul sewage of the metropelia pours into the river, and some chemical experts believe that the exhalations from thia loathsome stream killed not a few of the unfor- tunatea. All who have passed the spot during the time when the sewage is being let out in the Thames cannot fail to have noticed a peculiarly offensive odour. This, it appearo, is partly caused by the exhalations of sulphuretted hydrogen, a deadly gas which cannot be inhaled even in the moat minute quantities without causing asphyxia and death. Even apart from this gas, the disgusting stench of the sewage would be sufficient to produce a sense of faint- ness in most human beings if suddenly plunged into it, while the involuntary drinking of the filthy stuff when gasping for breath might bring on insensibility. The question naturally arises, in presence of these facts, whether London can be considered to have reached finality in the matter of drainage so long as 60,000,000 gallons of refuse are daily poured into the Thames only a few miles from the very heart of the metro- polis. Unless the recent report of Captain Calvert goes for nothing, a considerable proportion of the solid matter contained in this foul stream finds its way up the river, and is precipitated at spots where the current runs sluggishly. Our grand mam drain- age scheme would, therefore, appear to have done very little so far for the purification of the Thames, which was one of its promised boons, and unless we mistake, public opinion will insist upon the defect being remedied at any coat. Mr. Dover, who is some- thing of an authority on these matters, favours a plan for rendering the sewage innocuous and odourless before its escape into the river; but we believe there f are others who hold that it would be impracticable to 1 treat such an enormous volume of liquid refuse in s that manner. 1 "TT i

DBATH FROM SNAKEBITE.—Three young mea, j named Mortimer, Forbes, end Gordon, wore crossing i the downs to Amberley, Sussex, when they stopped in I a coppice for luncheon. As they were sitting on » i bank Mortimer was bitten in the hand by "black t viper. The reptile was killed, and no further notice t was taken of the mattery Before Amberley was r reached, however, Mortimer was seized, with a rioup il symptoms, and died in great agony at a village public- t house. All the three were engaged as clerks in a s bank in the City. i. rt o A CONVENTION has been signed at Berne by 11 the representatives of Germany, Austria, Spain, tl Prance, Italy, Portugal, and Swizerland relative .to 1 fchfl adoption of conamon measures to protect the tl riae K rowing districts of those countries agaiuet the i si phylloxera. s<

LETTER FROM THE QUEEN. Mr. Ellis Lever, a Manchester and London coal merchant, lately memorialised the Queen to inaugurate ft permanent relief fund for the prompt relief of tI sufferers blsuch accidents as those on the Thames and si at Abercarne. Mr. Lever enclosed a cheque for £100, il and promised to subscribe -:£10 annually. Sir Thomas t] Biddulph, in reply, has written from Balmoral: I am desired by the Queen to acknowledge your n memorial to her Majesty relative to the terrible acci- ? dents and consequent loss of life which have lately oc- curred on the Biver Thames and in South Wales. The I proposal contained in it has received the Queen's beat li attention, and it is hardly necessary to say with what t satisfaction her Majesty would view the establishment i of any plan by which immediate and permanent t relief might be afforded to those who, by the sudden c death of the supporters of a family, are at once ren- t dered deetitute. I am also to express the Queen's < appreciation of your liberality. The Queen, however, I sees considerable difficulty in the administration of t such a fund, should sufficient capital be subscribed to I form it. Differences of opinion might probably I arise as te the nature of the accidents which I would entitle sufferers to participate, and a very con- < siderable capital would be required to meet the re- i quirements of even Ðne extensive colliery exploaion. I Under these circumstances her Majesty desires me to I return you the £100, and again to express her appre- ciation of your benevolent intentions. The letter was read at the Abercarne Relief Fund meeting at Manchester, and it was explained that Mr. Lever's intention was that a voluntary fund should be formed, to which persons could make bequests in their wills, or otherwise contribute.

DEPOSITION OF A BISHOP. (From the New York Tmea") Samuel Allen M'Ooakry, Bishop of the Diocese of Michigan, was, on the 3rd instant at New York, solemnly deposed from the ministry of the Protestant Episcopal Church by the unanimous action of the House of Bishops, assembled at Grace Chapel. Thia action was a surprise to all save the members of the House, it having been generally understood that the resignation of Bishop M'Coskry, submitted imme- diately before his departure for Europe, would be accepted. His Deposition from the ministry and from all its offices, however, is not the result of a formal trial of charges of immoral conduct, but haa been made simply on the technical grounds of his abandonment of his diocese and departure from the territory of the United States while allegations affecting his morality were in exis- tence. Judging from the tone of the article of depo- sition, it would appear that the House regarded his abandonment of his charge, and his somewhat hurried departure for abroad, as a tacit desire on his part to avoid an investigation of the charges preferred against him. Owing to his absence, the House found itself practically unable to conduct a pro- per and formal investigation, and it consequently took advantage of its right to depese him for leaving his diocese. On Tuesday the House met and the matter. In the evening the doors were thrown open to the public. The scene was an exceedingly solemn one. Beside the readmg-deak sat the venerable gray- haired Presiding Bishop, Benjamin B. Smith, of Ken- tucky, bent and decrepit with extreme old age, holding in his trembling hands a closely-written page of legal cap. Beside him stood the tall, long-haired, sharp-visagied Bishop of Minnesota, Henry B. Whipple. The other members of the House stood in the front rows of pews with partially bowed heads, while the Presiding Bishop read the following act of deposition: Whereas, Bight Rev. Samuel Allen M'Coskry, Bishop ot the Dioceae of Michigan, haa, in a communication under his own proper hand, bearing date of May 25,. 1878, declared that he does resign and relinquish his ofnoeaa a biahop of the Proteatant Episcopal Church in the United States, and has re- quested that thia resignation and relinquishment may be acted upon by the bishops of said Church at the earliest convenient aeasoa, upon such length and manner of notice as may be thought beet by the Pre- siding Bishop and whereas, the said bishop has aban- doned hia diocese, and left the territory of the United States while grave allegations touchinghis moral charac- ter existed, thereby declining to promote any inveetiga- tion of the allegations aforesaid; and whereas no action of the said hishop in the premises, which action he has himself invoked, can make effective his volun- tary resignation, relinquishment, and abandonment of his sacred office, except by his deposition from the same; and whereas at a meeting of a majority of the bishops of the irrotestant Episcopal Church in the United States, exercising jurisdiction in the same, con- vened in the citjot New York, September 3,1878, the following resolution was unanimously adopted, to wit —' That the said Samuel Allen M'Coskry is hereby deposed f ministry and from all offices thereof, and that the Presiding Bishop is hereby re- quested and authonaedtopronounoeand record sentence of deposition, and to give due notice thereof'—now, therefore, be it knoim that I, Benjamin B. Smith, D.D., by Divine permission Bishop of the Diocese of Kentucky, and framing Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States, in conformity with the terms orthis resolution afore cited, declare and pronounce the said Samuel Allan M'Coskry deposed from the holy ministry, and from all the offices thereof, in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, Amen. While Bishop Smith slowly and falteringly Mad the feregoing document his voice trembled with emotion, and a general tone of sadness pervaded the assemblage. More than once audible sobs drowned the faint voice 01 the venerable reader. =-

SCOTCH PEARL-FISHING. Unlike the oriental pearl, which is brought up from the depthsof the ocean, the Scotch pearl is the produce of a mussel mhamtang fregh waters. During the past summer a very good harvest has been reaped in the Clyde, and large numbers of divers have been engaged searching for^the gems, with a fair share of success. The "diving 18 a comparatively aimple process, in- volving few of dangers attending the operations of the divers, who go down to the bottom of the open sea at a depth of twenty or thirty fathoms off the coasts or Ueylon. The fresh-water mussel diver has merely to wade into the river, stooping down to collect the precious bivalves. Sometimes experienced fishers will proceed breast deep into the water, immersing the whole body as they search for the molluscs, and at such times an unlucky step may involveconsiderablediacomfort, if not actual danger. The prizes offered are, however, sufficient inducement to many persons to devote their energies to the work for several months in the year. Large gems are comparatively rare, though many have been found worth £60.or .£80 a-piece, but very few mussels need be gathered in order to collect anumber of small seed" pearls, which always find a market if of good colour. The best fresh-water pearls are of a pinkiah hue.

A FOBMIDABLB TORPEDO.—Captain Eriossoo, a New York scientist, has been for some time working at a new torpedo expected to work wonders. This singular craft was expected to be finished this month anl subjected to Various tests as to the power of her engines and her adaptation to the torpede service. To the representative of a U.S. scientific paper who visited him Captain Ericsson would venturd on no predictions, but was emphatic in declaring that the machine as a device for fighting iron-clads would be in prefnablf. Moved by an engine of great power, it would have a velocity surpassing that of any antagonist, and being almost always submerged and in perfect control, could advance boldly in the face of the enemy and deliver he.» missile with destructive effect. Captain Ericsson maintains the superiority of his torpedo compared with the Whitehead pattern, which could not be guided with any certainty, and the Lay, which was too much exposed above the surface of the water. He could use either steam or compressed air as a motive power. Although the inventor de- clines to speak more in detail at present it is under- stood that while his boat does not exceed 120ft., it will have a pair of 24in. cylinders, and, judging from former experIments on the Hudson, will be able to propel a torpedo horizontally under water with great velocity, tr, If desired, the missile can be given an UP- ward direction so as to pierce a ship's bottom below the iron plates. DOUBI«B CHILD MURDER.—At Lenham, a little town about ten miles distant from Maidstone, Sitting- bourne, &nd Ashford, the bodies of two newly born infants were found in a pond at Greenhill. They were tied in a bundle, which was weighted with a stoue. One of the infants had in addition a string tied round its neck. They are supposed to belong to strangers who have come to the neighbourhood hop picking. THB AUSTRALIAN CRICKETERS.—The Aoatra-1 lian cricketers embarked at Liverpool on board the In man steamship City of Bichmond, for New York, J having arranged to play seven matches in various parts of the Uuiled states before their return home to 1 Australia, where they are to play four other matches 1 boi ore separating- The visit of the colonial cricketers ) to England has been a great success, and all must return home with well-filled purses; but their sojourn j in England has been interesting from the new light J they have thrown on the national game, their ( successes pointedly illustrating the importance c of cultivating the art of fielding. (Since they s landed in this country in May they have played s thirty-seven matches, out of which they lost only seven, a They won eighteen and twelve were drawn, some of e the latter being in thfir favour when rain or time t stopped rhe piny. English cricketers will watch with i some interest ho w the Australian team fare in America, tl

FOREIGN AND COLONIAL. -0- Count Beusfs imminent recall from London, and the appointment of Count Karolvi in his place, is con- b sidered at Berlin an event of the highest political g importance. Count Beust has always been suspected 8 there of intriguing against Prince Bismark's policy, s Whenever the German Chancellor's foreign policy g met with a rebuff the Austrian Ambassador at London f was believed to have had a finger in the pie." t The Friend of India says: A very severe famine t seems to be raging in Cashmere, of which extremely ) c L_ Lime is mown in cnis country. uashmere is at all I: times wrapt in mystery, intercommunication between f it and India being placed under consideration restric- 1 tions. Whether it be with the intentioa of shutting t out from India all exact knowledge of the desolation i that is being wrought in Cashmere, or of shutting ( out from Cashmere any assistance that might j possibly find its way from India, we cannot say; i but it is stated that the Punjab Government i has lately inued a new order closing the < passes, and intimating that "no exception can i be made to this order." The distress has been in existence for some time. The last rubbee is said te have been a complete failure; hands do not remain sufficient to reap the rain crops. Parts of the country are odd to have been already depopulated. Intelligence received from Samoa states that the Simoan Government will probably give to England and Germany the same advantages of trade as are secured to the United States by the treaty recently concluded between the Samoan and American Govern- ments. The natives of Samoa are holding meetings, and the excitement Is intense. War is expected to occur between the different factions. The French Consul at Sydney has telegraphed to the Minister of Marine information received from a private source relative to the events which occurred in New Caledonia at the end of August and down to the death of the chief Atai. On the 24th August, 500 Oaaaques made an attack on the post of La Foa, where Captain Lafont was entrenched with thirty men of the marine infantry; they were repulsed with the loss of forty men. On the 25th, the engineer Gall?, at the head of some volunteers, attacked the natives and killed four of them. Finally, on the 1st September, the column led by the naval Com- mander Servan, consisting of 50 sailors and 300 Oana- ques of Kanala, attacked the rebels near the banks of the Fo&; at the last moment the natives were about to draw back when the commander rushed forward with his sailors, raising a war cry; the Canaques then fol- lowed him. Ataa and eleven of his men were killed, and fifty-six prisoners taken. The insurgent camp was burned. At Moindou, the son of Atai waa killed by Lieutenant Mardchal. On the 81st a shock of earth- quake was felt. The Eastern Budget hears from Cettinge that the Prince of Montenegro is now busily engaged in en- larging his army. The total force at his disposal in time of war has hitherto been 24,000 men, including 100 mounted guards, 400 foot guards, and 400 gen- darmes. The army is now to consist of 60,000 men, divided into three levies of 30,000, 12,000, and 18,000 men respectively. The first levy will consist of thirty-two battalions of eight companies each, of four squadrons, of six batteries of mountain artillery, with twenty-four Krupp guns and 240 gunners, nine batteries with thirty-six rifled guns and 360 gunners, and five batteries with twenty Krupp siege guns and 125 gunners. There will also be a pioneer company of 100 men. The second levy will consist of twelve battalions, one squadron, and twelve batteries; the third of twenty battalions. The Ottoman Bank has advanced to the Egyptian Government the sum of £260,000 at 7 per cent. in- terest, to be repayable on January 1 next. This term may, however, be prolonged until April 1, 1879. The advance has been made without any guarantee, and solely on the signature of the Council of Ministers; but it is stipulated that it shall be the first charge upon the general financial arrangement guaranteed by the ceded lands. The present advance, because not guaranteed, is considered the immediate forerunner of the conclusion of the above-mentioned financial arrangement. The Pope, although personally not sharing the opinion that the Pontiff, under present circumstances, Siy not leave the Vatican, has, nevertheless, referred b question to a special congregation of Cardinals, wbo have just decided that the question is one of principle, and that his Holiness should not leave the Vatican unless under special overruling circumstances. Cardinal Nina has inquired of the Catholic bishops, both secret and avowed, in Germany, whether the Catholic electors share the views of the Centre party in the German Parliament, the object of the Vatican being to ascertain whether the electors would be likely to follow the guidance of their party leaders or obey orders from theVatican. Pending the reply of the bishops, it is understood that the negotiations be- tween the Vatican and Prince Bismarck will be almost suspended. Instructions have been sent by the Vatican to the bishops in Mexico to abstain from par- ticipation in political contests. The news brought by the British and African Steam Navigation Company's steamer Senegal is to the effect that the British Mission to the King 01 Dahomey did not meet with the desired success. Mr. Turnbull, who had gone up to Abemey aome time previously, had returned when the steamer passed Whydah. His object was understood to be to impress upon the King the desirability of paying the balance of the indemnity of 200 puncheons of palm oil to the British Go- vernment, failing which energetic measures would be taken. The King and his chiefs received the English plenipotentiary in a very courteous manner, but the King was nevertheless as defiant as ever, and it was believed that he poeitively re- fused to comply with the British demands. It was also rumoured that the French authorities were making overtures to the King for the purpose of placing his possessions under the protection of that Government. It was not definitively known what course of action the Biurliah Government contem- plated in order to bring the King to terms. Very un- satisfactory accounts were given reapeeting the immi- gration of blacks to Liberia from the United States. Several vessels had arrived with immigrants on board, but in macy cases they suffered severely from the climate. The mortality amongst them was very great, the victims for the moat part being children.

TRUE TO THEIR NAKBS.-Two grandohildren of the Hon. William E. Dodge, who have been for some time engaged to be married, but whose parents objected on account of their youth, took the matter ie. to their own hands, eloping from the residence of the parents of one of them in Philadelphia by the midnight train. The father was at the depdt ten minutes later, but was unable to ascertain which train they took, and assumed that they would naturally come to New York, where he proceeded to seek for t em, telegraphing at the same time to other points to secure thair detention. They had however, gone to Washington. They were met there on the arrival of the train by friends of the father authorised to detain them. The young man was already provided with a marriage licence, which be had procured in New York. It was found that he had also taken the advice of a lawyer in New York, and had been assured that, with the licence he had, a marriage between minors would be legal and binding. The pair were held until the arrival of the young lady's father, with whom she at once proceeded home again. She is the daughter of the Rev. David 8. Dodge, and is fifteen years old. The young man is the son of Ansen G. Dodge, and is 18 years old. IMMENSE SEIZURE OF CONTRABAND TOBACCO. -At the Hull Police-court Charles Bogerson, fore- man at Messrs. Wood house's accommodation ware- house, High-street, was charged with stealing 22161b. of tobacco, Bingle value X598 18s.; and 42jlb. ef cigars, value JE32. On Wednesday, Robert tipence, Oastoms officer, suspecting that contraband goods had been taken to that warehouse, went there and saw the prisoner, who showed him where tobacco and cigars were concealed. The goods were covered over with cotton-seed and mats, and on being got out were found to consist of the immense quantities stated. No etuty had been paid on them. The prisoner was, there- fore, taken in charge. Mr. Woodhouse, solicitor, who appeared for the defence, said his client would plead guilty. He had been made a dupe, and was ready to assise the Customs officer to find those who bad duped bim. Mr. Bean, who prosecuted for the Customs, said the prisoner must have known he was doing wrong. The case was adjourned, bail in £1000 being allowed. DEGREES IN EARLY LIFE.—Mr. W. E. Forster, speaking at Aberdeen, in reply to an address ef the students of the University, said he was con- vinced that the Scotch system of granting degrees early in life was superior to the English, which deferred degrees until a time when a young mau should be en- gtiffed in the practical business of life. PIRACY IN THR CHINA SEAS.—Recent oases of piracy in the China seas having shown the neces- sity for vigilance in checking the depreciations com- mitttd by piratical junks, the British and German Governments have decided to far to act in concert that identical instructions for action in this matter have been sent to all commanding office s of our own auci Gei mau men of-war. THE TELKGRAPH IN fi BANCE.- Several of the Paris newspapers complain bitterly of the inefficiency of the organisation in the telegraph department in connection with the journey of M. Gaiubetta in the soutb. Some of them declare that short telegrams seat to them were delayed as much as twelve hours, and hint at maladministration, if not intentional ob- i eduction, in tbe transmission of news. Of what use, ) they ask, is the telegraph, if by its means a commu- ir.ciHon cannot be forwarded mo>* rapidly than bj ± ihe post ? |

AGRICULTURE. Large and Small Farms.—Dr. D. G. F. Macdonald ias published an eloquent pamphlet denouncing the gradual extinction of crofters and small farmers in Scotland. He insists on the necessity of providing Imall68 well as large farms. He advises a proper gradation in tbe size cf holdings—such as first-class Farms for men of large capital, who can afford to use bhe steam plough and other costly implements, 700 to 800 acres; second-class, for men of considerable capital, 250 to 400 acrea third-class farms, for men of moderate capital, 60 to 140 acres; fourth-class, for crofters, seven to eleven acres, with pasture land; fifth-class, for cottagers, half to one acre. He aays that besides the gre; t evils of large farms, more than 2,000,000 acres have been cleared of hundreds of thousands of sheep, and depopulated, in order to make room for deer, and that the exter- mination of the Highlander has been carried on for many years as systematically and relentlessly as that of the North American Indians to make room for shepherd kings and mammoth sportsmen." He com- plains bitterly of the conduct of Scotch landlords, and maintains that the very conformation of the land in the North of Scotland, as well as the habits of the people, demand that there should be small as well as large farms, and that the conversion of whole districts into large holdings is a great error, whether considered politically, socially, or morally. The Duke of Suther- land must be a landlord after his own heart, for he is ever busy at land reclamation for agricultural uses. The land his grace has reclaimed at Bannockbum, Achintoul, near Kinbrace, is to be divided into farms from 80 to 100 acres, se that a farmer with a capital of from £500 to £600 could profitably work them. He wishes to repopulate the broad stretches of land with small farmers. Small farms are, if rightly managed, the stepping-stones to larger ones; and, although it is maintained large farms produce more than small, it is necessary for the well-being of the. country that the latter should exist. In the diversity of our agriculture there is strength. Hungarian Wheat.—Several years ago the Salem Flouring Mill Company imported from France about 100 bushels of this wheat for the purpose of inducing ita cultivation in Oregon. The seed was distributed in small lots to farmers in this county, it being of greater value than other wheat, as it possesses great strength and whiteness, being used for making mac- caroni and vermicelli, and also there is manufactured from it the celebrated Trieete flour, the best made in Europe. So far the wheat sown has generally answered all expectations, yields well, matures early, and is a strong plant, and can be sown either in the fall or early in the spring. Mr. Kenney thinks there will be 30,000 bushels of Hungarian wheat raised in Marin county the present year, and also about 6000 bushels in Yamhill, and some have sowed it in Linn county. Lewis Savage and Durbin Brothers, near Salem, have about 100 acres each, and are much pleased with it. Salem Mills pays 5 cents per bushel more for Hungarian than, for other varie- ties of wheat. The object on the part of the millers is to increase the strength of Oregon wheat.

GARDENING. (From the "Garden'1) Bedding Plants.—If any trace of mildew existed on the plants from which Verbena cuttings were taken, it will have been almost certain to have made its appear- ance whilst they were kept close for the purpose of rooting. They should now be carefully examined, and, if any be found, dust them at onee with flowers of sulphur; the white varieties are most subject to it, but if care be taken through the autumn to apply sul- phur as soon as the mildew is discovered, the pest may be completely eradicated before spring propagation commences. The liability of these plants to suffer from mildew has caused many to give up theirScultivation, yet they are more continuous in their blooming and less objectionably formal than many bedding subjects that have taken their place, with the additional advantage that they are most useful for cutting all through the late summer months when flowers are not superabundant. Tinea.—All late Grapes should now be nearly ripe, and a dry air should be allowed to circulate freely about them when they have arrived at this state. Lady Downes, Alicante, Gros Guillaume, and nearly all late varieties improve considerably in flavour after they are, to all appearances, quite ripe. We have seen the last-named kind in fine condition lately, and where it succeeds well, it is a fint-rate black late Grape. Lateral growths should now be cut off Vines of all descriptions; late rods, with plenty of healthy foliage, will atill produce theae shoots, but they must net be allowed to grow more than 1 in. or 2 in., and should then be removed. Be particular to keep Vineries clear of decayed leaves; if they be left lying about where ripe Grapes are hanging, they induce damp among the fruit. Vine wood, in both early and late houses, is fast becoming hard, and, where green sappy wood still exists, it should be ripened as quickly as possible, with the assistance of a little fire-heat at night and on dull days. Keep a little air on at the same time or the berries will shrivel in the close, warm atmosphere. Where the wood is shaded with a great quantity of leaves (and this is often the case with the leading shoota of young Vines), thin the largest of them out; do not break the leaf stalk close to the wood, but where it joins the leaf. The wood on early Vines should now be ripe and ready for pruning. Kitchen Garden.—In most gardens at this season there are usually numbers of spare pits or frames, some of which should now be prepared for Lettuce and Endive, so as to have a supply under cover in the event of sharp frosts occurring in October or November. Pits which have been used for Cucum- bers or Melons, if the manure is not immediately required for digging in the land, will require to have theleil on the top thoroughly stirred, all roots taken out, and, if dry, moiatened, so astohaveitinathoroughly healthy growing condition. In thus making pro- vision for autumn and early winter salads, every one, of course, must be guided by the demand they will have to meet. It is advisable, however, in planting a pit of several lights to select plants of different ages and sixes, for the sake of the successional character such a mode of planting will give—thus a light or more may be planted with half- grown plants that have been once transplanted, and the remaining space filled with the smaller and later sown plants. It will be found a better plan to plant now, where they can easily be protected when necessary, half-grown plants (808 the check giving in moving them will be an advantage rather than otherwise) than to wait, as is commonly done, till frost is apprehended, and then hastily taken up large full-grown Lettuces, and stow them away thickly in frames, where the most careful management often fails to preserve in them that full- flavour and succulency generally observable in plants that retain all their roots until they are required for use. I should, however, say that Endive is much more manageable in this respect than Lettuce. As regards varieties of Lettuces for winter, the Bath Cos should always be one of the varieties grown, and the Tom Thumb Cabbage, owing to ita excellent flavour and quick growth, is also a very useful variety. Beferring again for a moment to the question of transplanting: since the recent copious rainfall very rapid growth is observable in all kinds of green crops, and a certain grossness of over-luxuriance is not unlikely to take place, which will make them less able to stand a cold winter. This tendency can at any time be checked by partially lifting each plant with a tteel fork; and wherever Broccoli are planted too thickly, half the plants may be lifted to form another plantation, and probably the transplanted plants will turn out the most satisfactory crop. There is no occasion to use any protection to Lettuce in frames at present; give them all the air possible, and it would be as well to have stored somewhere a quantity of dry wood ashes, or dry dusty peat, to scatter reund and amongst the plants when the short damp days arrive, to counter- act any tendency to damp or mildew. Mustard and Cress should be sown under hand lights during the present month, after which it will be as well to sow in boxes in a warm house or pit.

THERE WBBB BLONDlNS IN THOSE DAYS.— Holinshed writes in reference to the crowning of Henry IV. on February 20,1646, that, as he passed on the south side of Paule's churchyard, an argosine came from the battlements of Paule s Church upon a cable, being made fast to an anchor on the deane'a gate, being on his breast, aiding himself neither with hand or foot, and after ascended to the middle of the cable, where he tumbled, and played many pretty toies, whereat the king and the nobles [had good pastime." ASSAULT IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE. — The Barnsley magistrates have investigated a serious charge of outrage on a lady's-maid, residing at Scarborough, named Mary Ann Brignall, whilst travelling on the Midland Bailway, near Barnsley, from Tulford to Scarborough. The prisoner, Hiran Sydney Smith, of Keigbley, got into tbe compartment where com- plainant was alone. He seized her by the hand and said he wanted her purse. ShA freed herself from bis grasp, and waved her handkerchief out of the window in hopes of attracting attention. A eevere strugg16 ensued till the train stopped at Cudworth Station, where prisoner tried to escape. He was, however, apprehended, and was committed to prison for SIX m >nths. Printed and published by the proprietor, JOHN 9°5KMI'S- BOBEBTS, at his General Printing Office, No. 1, lane, Cardigan, in the parish of Saint Mary s m County of Caidiiran.—Saturday, tSept. 28, 1878.