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SPIRIT OF THE DAILY PRESS.…

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SPIRIT OF THE DAILY PRESS. SERVIA AND WARLIKE PREPARATIONS. Europe may well ask, says the Standard, what all those preparations may mean at a time when there is really no a jestion between Servia and Turkey. If there have been no such preparations, then it is equally strange that the Sclave Press should be filled with these inventions. Whose interest can it be to darken the air with these bellicose rumours ? What is the cause of war. and why these arma- ments ? What has caused this extraordinary warlike fury in a community which cannot seriously believe 'that it is in danger—which no one, so far as we can learn, has pro- posed to attack—which has been repeatedly warned, as we are daily .assured by Bussia and Austria, that it must not provoke a breach of the peace ? If all the Powers are resolved upon peace, is it not in- tolerable that Servia alone should be allowed to maintain this aspect of war—to send insolent messages to her suzerain—to speak of rectifications of frontiers—nay, openly to claim a couple of her provinces from Turkey ? The existence of a revolt against the Turkish authority in Herzegovina can be no justification of the language and demeanour of Servia. The strict neutrality which, in deference to European public opinion, the Powers have agreed to -bserve towards Turkey, ought, at least to be im- posed upon a State the very condition of whose existence it is to be neutral. The influence of the new spirit of moderation and wisdom which we are glad to recognise in those who might be expected to be most out of humour at the turn of events is all in vain if it is in the power of such a State to disturb the general peace,, and that same rule of strict neutrality which England has imposed upon herself, and induced the other great nations to accept, ought cer- tainly to be made binding on Servia. AMERICA AND RESCUE OF FENIAN PRISONERS. It is none the less satisfactory, says the Times, to learn frnm an American source that there is a certain uneasi- xiess in the political conscience of Americans in reference to this rescue. They have already displayed so much eensiti-vehess to offences of this kind when committed by other persons that it was inevitable they should be a good deal-, if not still more, disturbed when finding that their own citizens have, in however slight a degree, been similar delinquents. It must now be obvious to them that, what- evri- iuay be the ambiguities of belligerency,it is extremely inconvenient, for a knot of people who are half criminals. half conspirators, and who rise against the Government of a friendly country without the slightest chance of success, to be treated by citizens of the United States or of other countries as mere political offenders. So far as the Ameri-1 can flag has been used to cover the escape from just' punishment of murder and military treason, they must feel that it has been abused. The United States now con- stitute a single State, with obligations to other States, and it is their clear duty to prevent as far as possible any vio- lation of such obligations; by thejr c.lizens. Their sensi- tiveness on this occasion is the more laudable because, as we have intimated, it will not be severely tested. The injury which has been done us is comparatively inappre- ciable, and to find liner; aur, so much disturb 2d about it is more than we could have expected. GUNS, GUNNERS, AND MACHINERY. We have learned, says the Morning Adrtrt.isr.r, that our guns are strong, and that they can be fired with precision, but we have proved little elee. Thesuperiority of the muzzle- loading system stilt oontinnes an open question, und this it is likely to remain, unless we can get an opportunity of trying a pair of guns practically side by side. The most important lesson that the recent experiments have taught us, to onr thinking, is that we should rely as much as possi-1 ble on the bone and sinew of our gunners rather than trust the training and working of the weapon to hydraulic' machinery, such as the Admiralty has adopted on hoard the Thunderer. If seventeen gunners have the gun perfectly under control, it is surely a pity to replace their smartness and skill by valves, chains, and pulleys. It is true these latter do not suffer from gunshot wounds;! but it mnjt be remembered that a gunner shot down can be replaced, while a leaky valve or broken chain would render the whole mechanism at once valueless, and place the vessel in jeopardy. Once the turrets locked, or the guns unmanageable, and the Thunderer would become a dummy target on the water, ready to fall an easy prey to a ship's launch. We have already far too much machin- ery on board ship, and should hesitate before we delegate the most vital duty of all—that of wording the guns—to the engineer's department also. HOME PROTECTION AND OUR IRONCLADS. In reference to the discussion in the House of Commons on home defence in the absence of the ironclad fleet, the Daily Telegraph says:—Sir. Ward Hunt thought it desira- ble that the wild speeches he had listened to should be corrected, and he condescended to refute the absurdity which escaped T'tr. Behtinck's lips. As might have been suppotted.we are far from being so absolutely unprovided. England is hot left without adequate protection. The Admiralty has a force of nine ironclads at its disposal in a short time some of our strongest new constructions be ready for sea and, besides these, there are the gun- boats and ships expressly built for coast de- fence. Mr. Goschen supplemented the statement- by pointing out that during the laet four or five years speciifc armamsnts have been built for the purpose of enabling our seagoing squadrons to have free scope yet, on the first occasion when these prepared resources are brought into activity, members get up and asseverate that we have no home guard. No navy, whoever may occupy the offices in Whitehall, will ever be above criti- oism or free from bl tg. nor will its officers and men admit that they are exempt from hardships which a generous Go- vernment might easily remove. But, even if our mari- time force is not perfect in an respects, no other nation can exhibit anything approaching it in lighting power. The best security is readiness to improve, and, while we nomiMhe hemvfit.«( of enlightened criticism, we can sea none likely to follow from any based either on the l'izn or Beutinck modol, LOCAL COMMITTEES AND THE EDUCATION ACT. If the obje. t If permitting the appointment of com. mittees, says the Daily News, is to ensure local knowledge, the same end may be attained hy allowing the council or the guardians to appoint committees of their own members to carry out the Act and it mighf be enacted that the guardians of the particular parish, or +1- -■ representatives of the ward in wnich the compulsion v. us applied, should be members of such committees. It will not be enough to provide, as one proposed amendment snpiTes1^, that no managers of elementary Schools shall be on sitch local committees what is necessary, if public confidence is to be secured, is that nobody shall be on them! who has not been elected by the constituency for local government work. We may be told that there are ex officio members of boards of guardians, but they in Some unions do not act, and in no union would they be sufficient in number to form the ma- jority of the Education Act Committee, as it would pro- bablybe called, in e&ch parish. It may be further said that under the Act of 1870 School Boards may ond usually do appoint local committees of ladies and gentlemen to manage their Board schools but those bodies do not pro- secute parents, and get children haled off to penal teach- ing. The committees which boards of guardians are to nominate are to have these large powers and we believe that it is not consistent with the traditions of local govern- ment any more than it is in accordance with constitutional freedom that, such authority should be given to a mere group of persons arbitrarily nominated by another group. The boards of guardians and town councils may be the fittest bodies, next to School Boards, to enforce education, but whatever authority Parliament entrusts to them they shoiVId exercise themselves, and should not be able to delegate it to others. RAILWAYS AXD PASSENGER DUTY. The committee, say's the Mm-mntt Post, report that the competition again#t which the railways have to contend is '■ severe,' and they ihfew that the remissions of taxation which have front time to time beeh given to stage carriages have produced the result that while "upon one railway, which may be taken as a fair specimen of the Metropolitan railways general]}." the taxation amounted last year to 12*98 on tke receipts, the like payment made by the Loa- don General Omnibus Company was only 0*81 per cent. Similar statistics, slightly varying in resulte.but all pointing to the same conclusion, were laid before the 'committee. It cannot be doubted that they justify the recommendation; which the committee have m&de. can there be anv doubt that now that the passenger daty has been con- demned after the fullest inquiry the Chancellor of the Ex. chequer will take into his earnest consideration the pro- priety of abolishing it at the earliest opportunity. It ia not necessary for that purpose that the railway companies should be altogether absolved from making a contribution to the revenue. A tnx upon their profits, from whatever description of tragic they are derived, would be fair. inas- much as it would place them all upon a footing of equality. It is the glaring defect of the passenger duty that it mulcts only one class of railways, which are often the (east able to bear taxation. This is an injustice which caxnot be permanently maintained, and it is to be hoped that when the Chancellor of the Exchequer brings forward his next Budget he will put an end to it. MR. BRAYO'S CASE AND FKESII INQUIRY. As a fact, says the Hour, the issuing of the writ, by the Queen's Bench judges does not imply anything except that the previous inquiry was not complete enough. It does not imply that the conclusion in favour of suicide, which the coroner appeared to entertain, but which the jury, by returning an open verdict, were not prepared to endorse, was wrong. Still less docs it imply that the theory of murder is correct. It will not be difficult for the coroner to disabuse the minds of the jurymen who will try this case of these misapprehensions, but to free their minds from all the idle talk they have heard on this sub- ject, especially as they will be men drawn from the neighbourhood in which the deceased gentleman lived, will not be So easy a task. The jonctuct of the coroner in reference to the question before the judges of the Queen's Bench is unexceptionable. If corrupt-ion or undue influence had been imputed to him he would undoubtedly have been justified in resisting the ap- olication to the last. No such charge was, however, made against him. and he pleads guilty through his counsel to an error in judgment. How the antimony came into the holy of the unfortunate young barrister whose death has caused so widespread an interest is at present a close mystery. The first inquiry certainly did not clear it up,and the statement of the Attorney-General has done nothing to advance it* elucidation.

I TET.

---.,...------MR, FORSTER,…

A BISHOP ON BELIEF AND EXAMPLE.I

DEATH OF AN OLD BOW-STREET…

L-.-=--''----.■"1»< >- ,I…

--...1 ITEMS OF GENERAL NEWS.

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