Glamorgan Free Press

MAYPOLE BUTTER DELICIOUS, FRESH AND PURE. DELICIOUS, FRESH AND PURE. DELICIOUS, FRESH AND PURE. DELICIOUS, FRESH AND PURE. — Fresh Churned Margarine, 4d., 6d. & 8d per lb. GUARANTEED TO GIVE SATISFACTION. NOTE THE ADDRESS— MAYPOLE DAIRY COMPANY, LTD., 83A, TAFF STREET, PONTYPRIDD. HEAD OFFiciz-41, BI8H0FSGATE STREET WITHOUT, E.C. Branches in all large towns throughout England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland. 1735 ROYAL CLARENCE THEATRE, PONTYPRIDD. PROPRIETORS MESSRS. TRENCHARD AND JONES. MANAGER MR. TON JONES. The Proprietors have the honour to announce that the Theatre will re-open for the Aatumn Season, on Monday, September 5tb, 1898. When the Magnificent Spectacular Drama- "THE STILL ALARM," Will be produced by Captain H. Pomeroy Gilbert's No. 180mpany under the direction of — MISS Nina VINCENT — With all the Original Scenery and Effects from the Royal Princess's Theatre, London. The Highly-trained Horses 11 PEGASUS and BUCEPHALUS," will appear in The Well-known Fire Engine Scene. The Central Brigade Quartette are specially engaged. POPULAR PRICES—Centre Circle, 2s 6d; Side Circle, Is 6d; Pit, Is: Gallery, ed. Half-price to all parts at 9 o'clock, gallery excepted. Deors open at 7, to commence At 7.41. Seats may be booked at Messrs. Thompson and Shackell's Music Warehouse, Tait Street, without extra charge. NO SMOKING IN ANY PART OF THE THEATRE. Lighted throughout by Electricity. GENUINE AND PAINLESS AMERICAN DENTISTRY. The AMERICAN DENTISTS' Co., Regd., LONDON. PUIS. NEW YOBX. 4 QUEEN STREET, QARDIFF. ATTENDANCE DAILY-I0 to 8. 20, HIGH STREET, NEWPORT. Attendance every SATuimAY-10 to 6. Principal Consulting Surgeon: MR W. ADAMS, R.D.S., BUG. Ameridan Specialist DR. C. DALY, D.D.S., U.S.A., Honorary Graduate and Gold Medalist, Bal- timore College of Dental Surgeons, U.S.I. ALL CONSULTDTION FREE. TEETH Complete Set, ONE GUINEA, guaranteed for 6 Yean. Genuine Treatment. PRIZE MEDAL TEETH. Note only Addresses Ommir", Queen Street: Attendance Daily-10 to 8 HMWPSBT—30, High Street: Every Saturday—10 te 8 HMWPSBT—30, High Street: Every Saturday—10 te 8 POSTTPBISD —19, Market Squares Wednesdays, 10 to 6. Railway Fares Allowed, 3830 HAYMAYS BALSAM OF HOREHOUUND. JjL The most oertain and speedy Remedy. STOPS COLD "CUBBD MX COLD. I heartily recommend it," Fff CUG ]!IT pa SH f)ld- PRICES ..d 2/6- GOOD NIGHRS BBST. My Cough gone." CURES COUGH HAYMAN'S BALSAM OP HOREHOUND. Invaluable and safe in the Nursery. 15 J. HAMMOND, PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT, MARKET SffREET, PONTYPRIDD. AUDITING IN ALL ITS BRANGHES. ACCOUNTS PREPARED & ADJUSTED. STSWMS OF BOOK-KEEPING DE- VISED TO MEET REQUIREMENTS. 3831 THE FEET. CORNS, BUNIONS, ENLARGED JOINTS, BAD NAILS, and all Diseases of the Feet, scientifically and painlessly treated by MR. W. PRINCE MUMFORD, SURGEON CHIROPODIST, Late Pupil of the eminent Dr. Zacharie, London. Attendance every Tuesday at 33, CHARLES STREET, CARDIFF, from 10.30 till 5. Home Address: REGENT STREET, CHELTENHAM. Author of Painless Treatment of the Diseases of the Feet." Price 2d. 4204 Excursions. CAR D ( F F AND BRISTOL. "THE MARCHIONESS." SEPTEMBER. From Bute Docks, Car- I From Bathurst Basin, diff, to Bristol. Bristol to Cardiff. (From C.B. JTxn. later) 5 Mon Whole Day 5aMoti !G.O morn Excursion 7.0 morn (C.B.) and 8.45 after Cumberland Basin, and Even. Excur. 6.30 after Cumberland Basin, and Even. Excur. 6.30 after 6aTues 7.0 morn 6 Tues 10.30 morn 7aWed 7.30 „ 7 Wed 11.15 „ 8aThurs 8 0,, 8 Thurs.11.45 9aFri. (C.B.) 8.45 „ 9 Fri. (C.B.) 10 after lOaSat.C.B. 10.15 „ 10 Sat..C.B.2.30 „ (a) To and Fro. FABES After Cabin (single), 2s 6d; To and Fro (available for Seven Days), 4s Fore Cabin (single), Is 6d; To and Fro (available for Seven Days), 2s 6d. JOHN 1HOMAS, Agent, 3985 i'achct Office, L'utc Dvcks, CuuiS. A Large Sum of Money for Investment, In Sums from £100 to £2,800, upon Freehold and Leasehold Securities. Apply- BEY. DA. VIES AUCTIONBHB, ACCOUNTANT, VALUER, MORTGAGE BROKER. HOUSH AND BSTATB AGHNT, GIBBON'S BUILDINGS, MARKBT SQUARE, PORTYPBIDD. Tenden- TO HOTEL KEEPERS, kc. TENDERS are invited for the privilege of JL having a Refreshment Tent at the Tynycymmer Sheep Dog Trials Cymmer, Forth, on Tuesday and Wednesday, September 20th and 21st, 1898. Tenders to include the finding and erecting of Tent and everything in connection therewith. Applications marked" Teader" to be in my hands on or before the 6th September, 1898. GWILYM JAMES, Hon. Secretary. 35, Glyn Street, .Cymmer, Porth, R.S.O. 4290 RHONDDA URBAN DISTRICT COUNCIL. TO SCAVENGING CONTRACTORS. THIS Council invite TENDERS for the Scavenging of their District in sections for the term of one year. Specification and form of Tender may be obtained at the Surveyors' Department, Council Offices, Pentre, R.S.O., Glam. All Tenders must be delivered under seal, by noon on Friday, the 9th prox, addressed to the Chairman of the said Council, and endorsed Tendor for Scavenging." The Council do not bind themselves to accept the lowest or any Tender. By Order, W. J. JONES, Surveyor. 29th August, 1898. 4294 BfSTRADYFODWG SCHOOL BOARD. TENDERS are Invited for ALTERATIONS and IMPROVEMENTS to the Ton Schools. Plans and Specifications may be seen at the residence of the Architect, Mr Jacob Rees, Hill- side Cottage, Pentre, and from whom a Form of Tender may be obtained. Tenders, endorsed "Tender far Ton Boys' and CR&I Schools," must reach the undersigned not later than Twelve Noon on Monday, the Ifth September. The Board do not bind themselves to accept the lowest or any Tender. W. G. HOWELL, Clerk to the Board. School Board Offices, Pentre, R.S.O., 26th August, 1898. 4295 PONTYPRIDD UNION. THE GUARDIANS Invite TENDERS for the JL Supply of Provisions and other Articles for their Union Workhouse and Cottage Homes, for the half-year ending March, 1899. Forms of Tenders can be obtained at my Office at the Workhouse. Samples of Goods must accompany the Tenders. Tenders to be received not later than Wednesday, the 14th inst. E. C. SPICKETT, 4300 Clerk. RHONDDA URBAN DISTRICT COUNCIL. BYE-LAWS wm RESPECT TO NEW BUILDINGS. NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the Rhondda Urban District Council intend to apply to the Local Government Board for con- firmation of Bye-laws adapted by them at their meeting on Friday, the 5th day of August, 1898, with respect to New Buildings in the Urban District of Rhondda. A copy of such Bye-laws will be kept at the office of the said Council, at Pentre, and will be open during offioe hours thereat to the inspection of the ratepayers of the said district, without fee or reward, for a calendar month from and after the 13th day of August, 1898, being the date of the first publication of this notice, and a copy of such Bye-laws, or any part thereof, f may be obtained on the application of any such ratepayer to the undersigned on payment of Sixpence for every hundred words contained in such copy WALTER H. MORGAN, Clerk of the Council. Council Offices, Pentre, R.S.O., 9th August, 1898. 4299 TO IRONMONGERS AND OTHERS. UNDER DEED OF ASSIGNMENT. RE BENJAMIN RICHARDS, ao, MAINDY-B OAD TON, PENTRE. TO be SOLD by TENDER, the whole of the STOCK-IN-TBADK, amounting at cost to Lbout;9124 8s. 4d. Goods on View between the hours of Ten a.m. and Three p.m. on Thursday. Friday, aud Saturday, September 1st, 2nd, and 3rd. Tenders to be sent bo the undersigned on or before Eleven o'clock on Tuesday, September 6th, 1898, CHARLES RICHARDS, | 4001 Auctioneer, Pontypridd, Sales by Auction. On TCBSDAT, SEPTEMBER 6th, and THXTBSDAT, SBPTBMBEB 8th, commencing at Two o'clock precisely each day. IMPORTANT TO PARTIES FURNISHING. MESSRS. J. G. MADDOX & SON wiii SELL by PUBLIC AUCTION, at their SALE ROOMS, 25, DUKE STREET, CARDIFF, on the above dates, an immense assemblage of very superior HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE (Removed from various residences for absolute sale), including:— Valuable Pianofortes, Hardwood. Bedroom Suites complete, 6ft and 4ft Wardrobes, Pairs of Handsome Toilets, Iron and Brass Bedsteads, several excellent Carpets, Fenders, Brasses, superior Drawing and Dining-room Suites, Rose- wood and Walnut Cabinets, 6ft. and 5ft. Side- boards, Book-cases, Dining and Occasional Tables, Walnut and Gilt Overmantels, &c., &c., in all about 400 lots each day. On view day prior to and morning of each day's sale. Ar- rangements made to pack and forward all goods purchased by country buyers. The Goods can be purchased any day privately if desired. Complete or Part Houses of Furniture Bought for Cash. Sales and Valuation of every descrip- tion undertaken. For Terms, apply at the Auction Rooms, as above. Established 1860. 3845 IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE, CHANJERY DIVISION-MR. JUSUGE ROMER. SMITH V. AUSTIN. — GLAMORGANSHIRE. — PARISH OF EGLWYSILAN. SALE OF VALUABLE MINERAL FROPERTY. MESSRS. STEPHENSON AND ALEXANDER are instructed (under an Order from the Court in this action) te SELL by AUCTION, at the Angel Hotel, Cardiff, on Saturday, October 1st, 1898, a valuable FREEHOLD MINERAL PROPERTY, Situate in the Parish of Bglwysilan, in the County of Glamorgan, and known as "PENYGROES," Containing in the whole 82a. 2r. Op., more or less. Further Particulars will appear id future advertisements and in Plans, Particulars, and Conditions of Sale, which are in course of pre- paration, and which may shortly be had upon application to R. Y. Evans, Esq., Solicitor, Guildhall-chambers, Cardiff; or to the Auc- tioneers, at 5, High-street, Cardiff. 4291 GLAMORGANSHIRE. PARISH OF COLWINSTONE. SALE OF COPYHOLD HOUSE AND LAND. MESSRS. STEPHENSON and ALEXANDER are instruct to SBLL by AUCTION, at the Bear Hotel, Cowbridge, on Tuesday, September 4th, 1898 (immediately) after the Sale of the Llansannor Court Estate, the COPYHOLD FARM Known as THE GOLDEN MILE FARM. Situate in the Parish of Colwinstone, in the County of Glamorgan, and containing, in the whole, 25a. Or. 14p, more or less, now in the occupation of Mrs. Ellen Richards, upon a annual 2nd February tenancy, at a rental of JE63 per annum. Plan, Particulars, and Conditions of Sale may be abtained upon application to E. G. Davies Esq.. Solicitor, Crickhowell, or to the Auc- tioneers, at 5, High-street, Cardiff. 4296 PRELIMINARY ANNOUNCEMENT. ON FRIDAY, 16th SEPTEMBER, 1898, CARDIFF HORSE SHOW SALE. MESSRS. GOTTWALTZ, BOWRING, and PERRY, will hold a Large SALE OF- 200 HORSES (By kind permission of the Horse Show Com- mittee) in the Show Ground, on Friday, 16th September. 1898, the day following the Show, commencing at 10 30 o'clock punctually. 20 Grand Show Horses from Mr. T. D. John, Chaldeans Stud Farm. 10 Horses from Mr. John Boswell. 3 Horses from R. T. Bassett, Esq., Croasways. 2 Horses from Colonel Homfray, Penllyn Castle. 2 Horses from J. W. A. Stevens, Esq., Penhill. 2 Horses from Colonel Justice. 3 Horses from C. D. Phillips, Esq., J.P. 2 Horses from James Hurman, Esq. 6 Horses from Mr. R. Winslow. 6 Horses from Mr. W. Pederick. 6 Horses from Roland Forestier-Walker, Esq. a Horses from Rev. John Jenkins. 8 Horses from Mr. A. G. FenneH. 6 Horses from Irvine Blennerhassett, Esq. 3 Horses from T. Watkin Davies, Esq, 2 Horses from Walter H. Morgan, Esq. 2 Horses from Richard F. Balitho, Esq. 2 Horses from T. R. Davies, Esq. 2 Horses from E. Tudor Owen, Esq. 3 Horses from Mr. George Compton. Also Entries from Messrs. Chas. M. Coates, J. P. Tutberville, and W. V. Huntley, and. Mrs. Sydney Heard. THE SALE IS LIMITED TO 200 HORSES, AND IS NOT CONFINED TO HORSES EX- HIBITED AT THE SHOW, AND THB POSITION IN CATALOGUE WILL BE STRICTLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH DATE OF ENTRY. Conditions and Forms of Entry may be had of the Auctioneers, 11, High-street, Cardiff. 4297 WESLEY CHURCH, PONTYPRIDD. — Anniversary Services Sunday, Septem- ber 4th. Rev. Willian Hunter, of Bridgend will preach. Morning at 11. Evening at 6. 4292

If Y Gwiryn erbyn y Byd."—Kymrie Proverb. II Give me, above all other liberties, the Bberty to know, to utter, and to argue freely, according to conscience.Tohn.Afitton.

VOCAL. AB C Duet A boy's best friend is his mother fL ffcwr the Boll Ah I he kissed me when he left m* All's web. Duet Anchor's weighed Angels ever bright and fair Annie Laurie Arab's farewell to his steed Barney, take me home agaia Bay of Biscay Beautiful dreamer Beautiful Isle of the Sea Beautiful star Belle Mahona Ben Bolt Better Laad Blind Girl to her Harp Blue bells of Scotland Bonnie Dundee Brave old oak Bridge, the But the Lord is mindful of his own Caler Henin' CU1 me bade again Campbell. are oomiag Cherry ripe ^lfcfmiTig bells of long ago CIoee thG shutters, Willie's dead Come, birdie, come Comin' thro* the rye Cerk Leg Cftssing the Bar (Tenays* Death of Nelson Direr, the Don't be angry with me darling DownbytherirerBideIotray Down went BfGinty Ever of Thee fir Away Father, pray with meto-mght Fisherman and his child Friar of Orders Grey J Gipsy Countess. Duet. OinrVi warninff Good-bye, Sweetheart, Good-bye Good news from home Good old Jeff Grandfather's clock Grandma's advice Harp that once thro' Taras halls Heart bowed down Hearts of Oak Hone, sweet homo. I dreamt I dwelt m marble halls I love the merry sunAme I'll take you home again, KaUflsea In happy moments, day by day I owe ten dollars to CGrady Irish emigrant Isle of Beauty Is there room for Mary tnerer Jackson's Te Deum in P Jeanette and Jeaaot Juanita (A Song of Spain Just before the battle Larboard watch. Daet. Last rose of summer Listen to my tale of woe List to the Omvent Bells Little bsowa jug Little bunch of roses Little empty cradle Little old log cabin in the lane Little sister's gone to steep Little sweetheart, come and kiss me Lost Chord jjffttghTMurphy'a Home Maiden's Prayer Maid of Athena Many happy returns of the aay Marguerite Marsellaise Marv of Argyle Meet me by meenbght alone Men of Harlech Miller of the Dee Minute gun at tea Mistletoe bough Mother kissed me in my dream My heart's best love Hapolitaine Ncbody'3 darlira but mme O dem golden slippers Old folks at home Old Sexton (Bam) Only a pansy blossom Only tired a<rajn SATiSS AUKS' o rest in the Lord Our have met but DOt our het.:rta Peek-a-boo Pilgrim of Love Pilot, the Please give me a penny poor old Joe Pretty pond lilies Riding on a load of nay Bin? the bell, Watchman Robin Adair < Rocked in the cradle of the deep Roses underneath the mow Sweet violets Say a kind word when you can Scenes that are brightest See that my grave's kept green She Wore a Wreath of Roses rag Ship that never returned Silver moonlight winds are blowing Silver threads among the gold Simon the Cellarer Soldier and a man Somebody whispered so sweetly Song that reached my heart Story of the Cross Stowaway, the Sweet Genevieve Sweet Marie Tell me, Mary, how to weo theo Then you'll remember me There is a Sower that bloometh Them-s a light in the window Ms but a little faded flower Tis hard to give the hand Tom Bowling Tree as the stars that are nfciwing Two little Girls in Blue Vacant Chair Very worst girl in the school Vicar of Bray Village Blacksmith. Weiss. Vital spark Watching for Pa What are the wilft waves saying P, When the Heart is Young When there's love at home When yon and I were young, Maggie Where are you going my pretty maid? Where is my wandering boy to-night WbúJt I the bogie man White squall White wings Who's that calling so tweet? Why are 7011 wandering hero, 1. Why do Summer Boees Ft^de? Wishing Gate I Within a mile o' Edinbord* toon Won't you buy my pretty flowers Write me a letter from hom# Tee, let me like a soldier fall PIANOFORTE. After the ball waltz Agnes Sorel Quadrilles Aah Grove Bird waltz Blake's Grand Marsh Bunch of roses schottigche Buonaparte's Grand March Cloches du Monastere Dead march in Saul Dewdrop waltz Fairyland waltz Fairy Wedding Walts Fern leaf achottiache Floating breeees General Grant's march Gipsy's warning waltz Hallelujah Chorus Harmonious Blacksmith Heavenwards march H Corrioole La Sympathie Loveland waltz Maggie Murphy's Walt* Maiden's prayer March of the Men of Hadech Moonlight on the lake Mountain Belle Schottische Osborne Quadrilles Post hWn gallop May Valse y*?.8 birthday Rainbow Schottische Hats Quadrile Retreat march Robin's return Sea shells waltz Shower of roses waltz Shrublaad waltz Signal march Silvery waves Snowdrop polka Starlight waltz Stephanie Gavotte Sweet Alice Waltz (Trilby) easy Sweet kiss polka Sweet Marie Waltz Two little girls in blue waltz Violetta polka-mazurka War March of the Priests Washington Post March Wedding march We three schottische White lilies waltz White Wings Waltz Ton and I waits

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 3, 1898. A OES HEDDWCH? THIS is the most appropriate headline for this week. It is, A oes heddwch ?" in the industrial war which has been raging in our midst for the last five months, and it is also the Imperial question of the day. The Peace Society has been working for years, but its progress has been insignificant. The members were dubbed more or less faddists. We well remember in the last years of the sixties that pioneer Welsh Patriot, Henry Richard, ex- pounding the gospel of disarmament of, and peace between, the nations of the wdrld. It was then deemed Utopian and believed only to be the dream of good and pious men. But by one touch of a great and powerful monarch the whole situation and its possibilities have been transformed into brilliant anticipa- tions of a sooner or later realisation. The Emperor of Jtussia's note to the Powers to invite their consideration of this millenial happy state when swords will be converted into ploughshares has set all Europe and, indeed, all the world agog. Already volumes of com- ment has been written on it. Some are suspicious, others are generous in their attitude. Some suspect that the

pt of -AJP low Qwtto) dUMCb <to:- a. jL 4in

ioo-- Ho fully appreciated th ■srsjument that for the coming three years the Scale was likely to give more than aR average of 20 per cent, but what about the succeeding three years, or the following ten years ? MB BBACE at Abertillery. He pointed out that tbo lauae in the proposed agreement did not say tha.t if the average selling priee of coal weut down that the employers would rcduw wages below 121 per cent, and they wrra held morally bound to keep up the price g xs not te permit a reduction below it. FTAFT ON100 fit Atwrcanu Then again did those terms provide a pro- tection seeing that it was not given in the name of a minimum. He had no hesitation in saying Yes." IhBoIi at Pontypridd. It would- have been more satisfactory if the wording had been different, but they would see that it was not the ordinary wording of the Sliding Scale, which stated that when the audit showed point so and so the wages rmuM be reduced. MABON at Pontypridd. The only object of the employers was to get a sliding scale above all things, that indeed was the soul of their battle. MABoN at Pontypridd. But it would depend entirely upon the state of the workman's organization as to what the minimum shall be. Although the position they found themselves was very far froon victory, it was also very far from defeat. T, RICHABDS at Ebbw Vale. WE are unfortunate in having to go to, press before the final decision of Thursday and Saturday's meeting will be known. We. are, however, translated into an atmosphere where breathing i&. easier than it has been for the last five- months. The voting at Cardiff on Wednesday would have practically and; finally settled everything if Mabon's Day had not entered so rudely into -the.- perspective of the situation. At. any- rate, we have entered into a very hope-r ful phase of the dispute with the fouo" ing voting:— For accepting the master's terms 61,9151 Against 37,077 Neutrals 8,80ft We can understand the Ayes and tI ae Noes, but the neutrals we cana ot. Every delegate ought to hawe decie ion enough to vote one way or another- A neutral is an amphibious dategate w hich we cannot, with our present know? edge, respect. We ace glad, therefone that the Ayes had, it, And we haf sten to say why. We grant that the tw -msare not as generoua as we should..e. But the concession of the 12 pelt cent. as protection is, we believ.e,. thej incorpora- tion of a brake power ini the Scale principle that will never see- a lowering grade. Ths mea have- < he greatest facility of getting out of t* te agreement when thi £ minimum i& JJtI Jt a 12i per cent. above the 1879 staad .ard rate. We think also that sufficient emphasis has not been given Mabon's. point that the soul of the masters." fr ghting through- out, the struggle has. be en the mainten- ance of the Scale as 'a wage regulator. It is the employer's pet, and they are not going to see it, swept out of the arena by reducirig the men's pet -minimum-belo' H that point. The masters love the. 'Scale too well to risk its existence -by such a reduction. This is a certainty, a*d time will prove that Mabon is right. Then it is a minimunj to all practical purposes. And it would be absurd to quibble about it because the name is not the one we love best. What is in a name ? We grant we should like it a great deal higher, but at this stage at:

motives of the Emperor who has- the laagest standing army, are covert and designing, and that it is but a dip- lomatic move which in the end will lead to war all round. We are thankful, however, that others are more generous, and recognise in the invitation the heralding of better days. The Great Powers of France, Germany and England must have the largest weight in deciding the ultimate fate of the suggestion. We feel it is a noble departure for Emperors to make-. The meeting when held must help forward the pacific adjustment of international misunderstandings. Great Britain appears to have decided that peaceful solutions are always possible between us and the United States. Why cannot the same beautiful arrangement be made axiomatic between ourselves and the great powers of Europe. There is no doubt that continental eountries are drained to the very vitals by the burdens of great national armaments. Even this country very recently had to open out a supplementary enlargement of its naval strength in order to tell Russia that we are determined to go one better than the Czar. And so on it will be. The strain must in the end break. Countries are groaning under taxes; taxes made heavier day by day by this eternal bogey man of militaryism. Why nations in the aggregate should be more foolish than the separate individuals who compose nations goes beyond our understanding. It is only lunatics, or people m a temporary state of insanity who settle disputes by brute. force. Whenever passion rules, the brake is off the reason. The higher the civilation of the individual the remoter from his doings is the barbarism of physical arbitration. The duels of the last century, then common and popular, are to-day associated with cranks and madcaps. Then if it is degrading individually, why is it not deemed so in the national and aggregate form ? We are delighted with this proclamation, to which we say Amen." The attempt will remain for all times an imperishable monument of fame to the- Emperor Nicholas as the enunciator of a grand humanitarian thought, the realisation of which will revolutionise the world, and mark the greatest stelo. hitherto taken in the developement of the human raca.