Pontypool Free Press and Herald of the Hills

A GALLANT RESCUE. The Liverpool Daily Albion narrates the following :— On Thursday, the 22d of June, 1871, about noon, the Knight Errant, a Liverpool ship, bound to San Francisco, might have been seen in sora distress. For a long time she had buffeted the storm, but the fierce blasts and yet fiercer sea of the Antartic Circle had begun to tell fatally upon her. One after another the lower and topsail yards had been carried away by the gale. The sea, breaking over her, had by degrees cleared the de ck. One by onehe boats were washed away, and at last the very steering wheel was torn from its firm foundation. The ship then lay in the trough of the sea, an unmanageable wreck. While in this helpless con- dition, at 2.30 p.m., the Knight Errant was happily dis- covered by the Sam Cexrns, another Liverpool ship, also bound round Cape Horn. The Sam Cearns had felt the fury of the gale, but somehow had made better weather of it. Yet, when Captain Williams ordered the helm to be put up to near the wreck, he could scarcely hope that it would be in his power to render her any assistance in the face of such a fearful galo. On approaching within signal distance flags were seen fluttering in the rigging of the Knight Errant. These were soon made out to be No. 7,831—" Want to quit the ship, but have no boats;" a touching appeal, which went home to the brave hearts already nerved to do battle with the elements on behalf of their brother sailors in distress. Captain Williams replied with his flags, I will stand by you and send my boat," and we may imagine the cheering effect of the signal. Accordingly, the Sam Cearns was put under snug canvas, and hove to near the wreck, and a little to windward. Edwin James Wright, the chief officer of the Sam Cearns, now comes prominently inte notice. He asked permission to get out a boat and proceed to the wreck with a boat's crew of volunteers. Captain Williams, anxious for the safety of his own crew, felt it would be madness to attempt the rescue until the wind and sea had somewhat moderated; but, to please his chief officer and crew, gave a reluctant consent for a boat at least to be got ready. But the boat ha i scarcely been got off the skids, or resting place in the centre of the vessel, and IRnded on the deck as a preliminary to her being hoisted out, when a big wave tumbled on board and stove the boat. making her, for the time being, quite useless. This settled the question of delay, and the carpenter was set to work to repair the damage. At 8 p.m., the wind having moderated a little, the gallant mate and crew of the Sam Cearns pleaded for permission to get the other boat out, and Captain William) consented. As it was the only boat available at the moment, it was an anxious time till she was fairly in the water, and the gallant Wright and his volunteers had started. Through the whole of that weary night they laboured on, and the difficulty and danger were so great that each trip to the wreck occupied four hours. Still, at eash trip, eight souls were snatched from death by Edwin Wright and his crew. About 8 a.m. of the 23d of June, the third trip having been successfully performed, 24 of the Knight Errant's crew having been safely trans- ferred to the Sam Cearns, Captain Williams requested Mr. Wright and his crew to leave the boat and let the second officer and a fresh crew relieve them. No was the roply, our shipmates' lives are as precious to them as ours are to us. We have saved 24, and by God's help we will bring back the other five." So away they went for their final trip, and soon had the five men safe in the boat, Captain Stobie being the last to leave the Knight Errant. About noon the boat, with her precious freight, had got safely alongside of the Sam, Cearns, but by this time the wind had increased and the sea had again be- come very dangerous. Captain Williams shouted to the crew to be cool and cautious, and faithfully they obeyed his command. The ship was rolling fearfully, and it required the utmost care to keep the boat from being dashed to pieces alongside the vessel. As the boat rose on the top of the sea, poor Captain Stobie grasped at the lee forebrace, which was hanging over the side unhappily the rgpe was not fast, but yielied to his hand, and, worn out as he was with fatigue and exposure, he missed his hold, and fell into the sea between the ship and the boat. Forgetful of their peril, and regardless of the caution that had been given them, the valiant fellows dropped their oars, with which thejroad been keeping the boat from coming too close to the ship, and made a desperate effort to rescue him. The next moment the ship rolled heavily on to the boat, smashing her, as the ship's chains came in contact with the boat's gunwale, and capsizing the eleven men into the water. Four belonging to the Sam Cearns were with great difficulty saved, but Edwin Wright and a young man named William Dawson, who had gone in the boat on her last trip, to- gether with Captain Stobie and his four men, all disap- peared. Everything that was loose about the Sam Cearns' decks was thrown overboard in the hope that the poor fellows would hold on until another boat could be got out, which was done in an incredibly short space of time. But it was all in vain. Their heavy wet clothes had dragged them down, and they perished at the moment that their safety seemed to have been secured. Reluctantly the boat was hoisted in, and with sorrowing hearts the rescuers and the rescued pro- ceeded on their way, leaving their brave dead to rest in an ocean grave, and the poor abandoned Knight Errant to buffet the waves a little longer. To Captain Williams and his gallant boat's crew medals and other awards were liberally voted by the Liverpool Shipwreck and Humane Society. Hand- some commemorative testimonials were sent to the re- latives of Edwin James Wright and his young ship- mate. A purse of B140 or J3150 was collected for Wright's widow and orphan boy, and a small pension guaranteed to her for a few years. All honour to those who thus BOught to do honour to the brave.

LIEBIG'S EXTRACT OF MEAT. Baron Liebig having published a letter in The Tim", in defence of the utility of the well-known H extract of meat," we give the following extract from his letter:— la a paper read by Dr. Edward Smith, in Brighton, before Section F of the British Association, respecting the alimen- tation of the population of Great Britain, on Preserved Food and Extract of Meat," of which an abstract appeared in The limes of the 20th of August, Dr. Smith expresses opiuiona which are incompatible with the preseDt state of science. Having directed my special attention to this subject, and the leading ideas upon nutrition and food being the same which have been made known by me 25 years ago, I trust I may be Considered entitled to elucidate and correct in your widely circulating paper the injurious and erroneous infer- ence of Dr. Edward Smith. Dr. EdwarJ Smith attaches great importance to the pre- paration of Ibod; the economy of nutrition, however, de- pends essentially on the right proportion -in the nourish. ment consumed of the nitrogenous substances (meat, fish, eggs, Ac) and those free from nitrogen (starch, butter, sugar, &c.). An excess of meat in the diet is waste, and the exclusive consumption of potatoes is likewise waste. The chemical composition of meat and of potatoes (as well as of all ether articles of. food) is perfectly well known, and it is therefore easy to calculate the proportion in which they must be mixed in order to obtain the mum of nutritive value for every Individual at every stage of life. the alimentation of a population can only be judged by means of a knowledge of their wants, and of the above- mentioned proportionsil The great economical successes in the production of meat and milk by agriculturists who atlll acquainted with the relative nutritive Value Of the Various sorts of food are well-known-, ahd as long as Dr. Edward Smith doee net specify what weight per head the small morsel of meat" and the potatoes or rice should have in order to form, a highly nutritious diet," and as long as he does not explain why the small morsel of meat should be fat meat and not lean, which the poor, in their fastidious- ness, prefer," so long Dr. Edward Smith must allow us tö consider his assertions that the English were worsened than the Irish or Scotchlifla mere fancy. In the selection of food, which is influenced by necessity or want, the instinct and the experience of the million are in- fallible, and a far better guide than the theoretic specu- lations of men who have remained ignorant of the com- position of food, as well as of even the simplest laws of nutrition. "Fish," says Dr. Edward Smith, is sometimes suggested as a substitute for meat; but fish is rather a relish than food, and contains little more nutriment than water." From investigations it is well known, however, that the flesh of fish on the average dees not contain there water than fresh beef, and as much solid substance as the t latter. For instance, the ftesh of Salmon contains ?5'70 per cent. water and 24 296 per cent. solid substances, while beef I (muscle) Qont#ins 75.88 per cent. water and 24'12 per cent, solid substances. The flesh of herring contains still less water than salmon, and even flat fish, such as soles, are as rich in nitrogenous substances as the best wheaten flour, weight for weight. The assertion of Dr. Edward Smith that the flesh of fish contains little more nutriment than water is, as may easily be perceived, in direct opposition to well ascertained facts. Truly comical are Dr. Edward Smith's views respecting tea and extract of meat. He laments the amount of money which is, as he holds, wasted, and worse than wasted upon tea, the amount of nutriment contained in an ounce of tea being infinitesimal." Dr. Edward Smith cannot seriously imagine that tea is taken by certain ignorant and stupid people because they believe it to be a nutrimeLt, which tea indeed is not. The capability of swallowing not one single camel but an entire troop is, however, required in order to believe that if an in- dividual a short time after having retired from a well sup- plied table, satieties the longing for a cup of tea, he does so for no other reason than to add to the food and wine con- sumed in abundance an inflnltesimal fraction of oarbon and nitrogen, the two chief elements of nutrition. Tea is no nutriment in the ordinary sense. The individual who takes tea after his meal feels, without being able to de- fine it, that tea has a favourable effect upon certain highly important functions in his body, that digestion is accelerated and facilitated, and that his brainwork is benefited thereby, and if a poor factary workman imposes on himself privations in his food and other necessaries of life in order to spare a few pence for tea, there must bo a deeper cause for this than mere custom. Neither tea nor extract of meat is nutriment in the ordi- nary senge; they possess a far higher importance by certain medical properties of a peculiar kind. The physician does not employ them as specific remedies. They serve the healthy man for the preservation of his health. Taken in proper proportion, they strengthen the internal res'stance of the nody to the most various external injurious influences which °j?1 i1}0 t° disturb the general vital processes, and they adjust these latter. 0n^w=Va notWnS hut resistance to injtirlous Influences, fnrPB nf ^fgre0. ln* different individuals depends upon the n Fea1 stance. The object of every intelligent phy- sician will be directed in the cure of an illness towards strengthening the Internal resistance to local disturbances, and to *?°.rn>al functions by his remedies, which in this c&*e are called medicines; and he knows therefore to assign the proper place to the beef tea or meat juice which he prescribes to his patients and convalescents. It is surely a grave offence against all laws of physiology to compare tea, coffee, and extract of meat to the more com- mon articles of food, and because they are not that to draw the inference, as Edward Smith has done, that they are nothing at all. This is certainly not scientific reasoning.

The Times has also a leader on the Baron's letter in which (without entering into the controversy betwixt him and Dr. Edward Smith) they say The popular writings of Baron Liebig many years ago rendered most of us in some degree acquainted with the classification of substances used for food and with the pur- poses they were severally supposed to fulfil. He taught broadly that food might be divided into three greups—the albuminous, of which flesh is the type; the oleagineus, or fatty; and the saccharine, which includes the innumerable forma of starch which are capable of easy conversion Into sugar. He taught that the oleaginous matter eaten was partly stored up in the economy as deposited fat, and partly burnt off" M fuel for the production of animal i »"•» heat. The saccharine matter was entirely burnt off in the same way; and only the albuminous was capable of being converted in the solid tissues of the body, and of re- placing a dally waste of those tissues which was assumed to be considerable. The albuminous group of substance were found not only in animal food, but were largely represented in the vegetable kingdom, especially by the "gluten" of wheat and by substances in which the pea and bean family were especially rich. Had it not been for this, life, Baron Liebig taught, could not have besn maintained on vegetable food alone; ai d, as it was, vegetables presented tha necessary albu- minous nutriment in forms more complex, and less easy of application to the repair of the body, than in the forms fur- nished by the flesh of animals. Hence the animal kingdom was held to fulfil the office of digesting vegetable albumen. and. by converting it into flesh, of increasing its fitness to become the food of man. Under the influence of these views it was assumed that a large proportion of animal food was, if not necessary, at least desirable for the supply of wa te: and that farinaceous and oily matters were of little value except to maintain temperature, and to confer upon the whole quantity of a meal a bulk favourable to the digestive proefss. The progress of inquiry during late years has led, howev r, to considerable divergence from these doctrines. It is still held that only the albuminous material can be applied to the renovation of the body but it is known that the destruction of the body is far less in amount than was supposed, and that a great pro- portion of the albuminous food taken by habitual flesh- eaters is at least simply wasted, and is often distinctly injurious. The fatty substances consumed are not merely deposited," but furnish an absolutely essential ingredient to nearly every one of the tissues, bat especially to the brain, the nerves, and the muscles. The saccharine group is not subservient only, or mainly, to the production of heat but generally to the production of fojee and the vitai* actions of man, instead of being maintained at the expense of his folid structures, are maintained chiefly at the expense of the force yielded by the decomposition of the starchy and saccharine matters which he consume?. It follows that these two groups are now held to hold the first place in nutritive value, and that the albuminous food, although necessary in moderate quantity, is superfluous when that moderate quantity is exceeded. The conclusions which result from scientific inquiry are thus brought into perfect har- mony with the teachings of experience. A diet of suitable vegetable substances, with a sufficiency of fat, will every- where preserve life in a high degree of vigour the vegetable food affording by its gluten a sufficiency of material for tissue repair and the fat being always essential. It is the staple of food not only in the Polar Regions, where a quantity which would elsewhere be superfluous is required to counteract the low external tempera- tures, but, with the addition of rice, forms the sub- sistence of multitudes who live under a tropical sun. An exclusively animal diet, on the other hand, is only pessible for men whose restless activity is comparable to that of the animal caTnivtra, and, as wai proved by a cruel experiment once tried at Gobelins upon some criminals, would under ordinary circumstances prove fatal in the course of a few days. If we apply these considerations to the ordinary dietary of English families, it will be seen that our common piactice is to waste animal food by consuming far too much of it, and to. waste vegetable food by not availing ourselves of its inex. haustible abundance and infinite variety. We get our supplies of saccharine and starchy substances chiefly from bread, potatoes, and sugar, and we eat pulse and other vegetables more as a luxury or a relish than as a possible mainstay of existence. Rice is scarcely employed for any purpose but children's puddings; and yet, with the addition of some form of animal fat, and occasiolJally renUered savoury by a morsel of curry, it constitutes the chief sustenance of mil- lions of people. Our Continental neighbours, and our Hindoo fellow-subjects, might each give us a useful lesson in the simple art of economizing our meat supplies by making them go further than we do, and in the art also, less simple, though even more important, of using all the available forms of vegetable food for their proper and legitimate purposes. But another source of waste equally to be regretted is to be found in the absence of any Tiade organization for bringing temporary abundance of some particular kind to the doors of those who might consume it. Heads of families who visit Billingsgate in the early morning often tell their wondering friends that on such-and-such a day fish was fabulously cheap aid recount their purchases to envious ears. But people generally cannot go to Billingsgate, and the ordinary fate of a glut of fish there is to perish and ul- timately to be condemned by an inspector of markets as un- fit for human food.. The retail sellers of fish are supposed to be greatly averse from any occasional cheapening of the commodity in which they deal and to consider it their interest to keep it as a luxury for the tables of the wealthy. Fish. however, is as rich in albuminous material as flesh, and will fulfil all the purposes of flesh in the physical economy. The waste consequent upon a cheap day at Billingsgate, or which occurs when a great haul of some description of fish is med mainly for manure, is such as would startle those who wrote it down in pounds either of weight or value. The waste is little less serious which follows upon the want of any organization for bringing the superfluous garden stuff of the country to the crowded populations. of towns, or which is produced by the owners of gardens being themselves frequently ignorant of the nutritive value of the products those gardens yield. The remedy for these evils lies to a considerable extent in the hands of those who control the education of the country, and especially the edu- cation of the grsat mas. of the people. The defects.in our arrangements for supply themselves are traceable primarily to the absence of a national demand It is probably hope- less to expect the adult peasant or artisan to tolerate any change in his mode at life, or to arrive at the perception that he now despises, and by despising loses, cheap, palatable, and abundant supplies of food. Even the middle class father of a family, and not less his wife, may be regarded as beyond the reach of conviction. To eat beef is the traditional practice of Englishmen, and is held to be tho only custom worthy of their name and race. But we have the children, and with them something might be done. Is it hopeless that School Boards may some day order rational cookery to be taught to girls ? If this could be accomplished, some of the existing superstitions about meat- eating might be sapped at their foundation and a gener- ation might grow up prepared to use, healthfully and wisely, all the good gifts which Providence has bestowed for the gratification and the sustenance of mankind.

A REFORM IN HINDOO WIDOW MARRIAGE. The Bombay Gazette hal an interesting account of a Hindoo widow marriage at Ahmedabad, writes the Indian correspondent of The Times. Many of our readers are aware that there exists in India a strong native "reform party" for the promotion of widow marriage—a mighty reform. Formerly the widow went to the pile with her husband. When that was abolished by the stern hand of a British law, the plan otstarv- ing." instead of burning, was adopted. The widow, young or old, is compelled (allowing for stealth) to wear a certain dress, to live in retirement, to eat sparingly, and, in short, make herself as miserable aa she can. Against this the "reform party" is waging war. The yoting woman to whom I am about to refer is named Jivokre, and had charge of a girls' school at a military village in tie Broach Collectorate, where she agreed privately to marry a young schoolmaster. The mother of the lady heard of the infamous attempt, and set watch and ward over her daughter. The schoolmaster laid a plan of escape ho sent a palanquin to ttle Village, ana mads a pretty story as to its object in connexion with some chief. But the wile was discovered; the villagers rose in virtuous indignation, chased the palanquin men away, and Jivokre was "closely shaved, cruelly tor- tured," and taken to another village, where she was put under lock and chain. The schoolmaster then applied to the magistrate for power to release tne girl from illegal detention, and eventually she was released, and two of her persecutors were committedfor trial. In the meantime the widow—she is eighteen years of age—was married, quietly, the report says, so as to clash with no native prejudice, but by Brahmin priests, and in the presence of a large number of the reformed party. The buainess, however, is probably far from terfiiinatfed. The widow, it is said, is heir to moveable property worth about £1,500. and of that she is almost certain to be plundered. The priests, also, who performed the ceremony are threatened with excommunication. I think, however, that, looked at from a public point of view, the advantage to be gained is well worth a great fiany such sacrifices. It is one of the true reforms of ndian life, for the young widows are rarely "widows indeed," and are often a canker-worm in the form of a monument to conjugal duty.

WORKING MEN IN PARLIAMENT. It iS stated that Mr. George ifoweil is to come for- ward for a constituency not yet named, and that a committee has been formed to secure his return. In connection with this movement a circular has been issued by representative working men," of which the principal portions are given below. After stating that a general elefitibh ottght to have followed tlie psibit of the Ballot Act, the paper proceeds :— The state of the borough franchise, with all its defects, induces party political tacticians to seek the aid of working men. But upon what ground are our working men to give this ? An aristocratic House of Commons has been tried, a House chiefly composed of those Who holit the land, as well as a House Composted largely of commercial and trading men; in both Cases they have failed to do justice to the great industrial classes of the community. It is still the nch man's House; it still manufactures glass laws, and exhibks scant sympathy with, and defective knowledge of Ow "other nfttion" living by its side. This llVusc, those which have preceded It, has been weignM in the balances and found wanting. The next electoral campaign must be prepared for with other and higher objects in view. The principle of labour repre- sentation in the British House of Commons should he the chief end aimed at by all working men's associations. Othef classes either fall to understand, or, Understanding, fail to truly represent, working men or labour questions. Such a representation as that proposed would not unduly displace the representation of any other party or section in the State J but it would make the House of Commons national and com- plete as a reflex of the whole nation, and therefore of all parties in the commonwealth. Their party dries will not avail us; this game has been played again and again, and still tbB workers of the country are an excluded class in the law-making council of the nation. We have been deluded With promised roforms; but those we moat deSire are neglectcd and unduly deferred, while measures affecting the welfare of the wealthy classes are constantly studied and actively promoted. Work- ing men must insist thatindustry shall be placed on a footing of equality with other interests, and no fear need then be en- tertained of the result: and until this be dohe the Workers of England must neither test nor be thankful." to accom- plish this we must be United to be united We have common principles—-common grounds upon which all can unfte-deft- nite objects) few but pressing and important, tlpon the question of the direct representation of the industrial classes In Parliament all are agreed. On this one point we invite all sections of working men to combine, irrespective of minor differences in principle or policy, and thul prepare the ground for that grand work of labour emancipation which at the present moaient is everywhere making its advent felt, and which in Pllrlbrnent needs friendly aid td sefiiirfe a safe birthahd healthy useful existence.

THE II OPTION" IN ALSACE-LORRAINE, Monday was a mournful day for Alsace-Lorraine. By a clause in the Treaty of Frankfort of December. 1871, it was settled that all the native inhabitants of those two ProViuced who by midnight had not transferred their domicile to France or else- where should be considered and dealt with as German subjects. The consequence has been an emigration from those unfortunate districts amount- ing to almost depopulation. Eye-witnesses tell us of hundreds of thousands of people of all ranks and ages for several weeks, and especially on Sundays, crowding every station of the main railway lines to Paris from the Rhine and the Saar to the new frontier. A correspondent eays that at Bitsch- willer, a manufacturing place, eight mills had been shut up, and of the population, which in 1861 num- bered 3,212, as many as 2,000 had quitted their homes. Metz was reduced to 30,000 out of the 56,888 it mustered ten years ago, and with the exception of 5, all the magistrates of the Provinces, reckoned at 200, had thrown up their offices. Were we to be- lieve these statements, and to apply the same pro- portions to the whole ceded territory, we should have to conclude that of the 1,500,000 Ahatian-Lorrainera to whom the option between leaving their country and becoming German was offered at least one-third had chosen expatriation (remarks The Times, from whom we are quoting). We do not know how far we should have to look for another instance of so widespread a calaitity, or for a similar evidence of strong patriotic attachment. Indeed, the case of Alsace-Lorraine seems calculated to upset all our theories about the undying instincts of nation and race, "Nota few of the young emigrants in the third-class carriages," we are told, are en- tirely unacquainted with the French language;" yet the intensity of their love for France and of their hatred for their new masters, whose blood and lan- guage, however, they share, seems almost proportionate to the depth of their ignorance. But it must not be forgotten that their new German masters were their enemies of yesterday, and their old French masters have been, in their estimation, their benefactors for two centuries. The Alsatians and Lorrainers have long been taught to be proud of being citizens of France. It might well be considered good fortune, two hundred years ago, for them, severed members of the discordant and shattered sacred Roman Empire," to be aggregated to a com- pact Grand Nation." and to run with it a wild career of noif-y, however illusory, liberty, and of dazzling, however evanescent, glory. With many of the educated classes these were deep-seated feelings with the mass of the population they were, in a great measure, matter of blind instinct upon which all the skill of political agitators has been brought to bear. It was natural that France should cling to Alsace Lorraine, natural that she should wish the Alsatian-Lorrainers to cling to her. We heartily wished that the transition of that un- fortunate population from French to German alle- giance had been effected with the most fastidious regard to their interests and their feelings. But we also think that the extreme difficulties the German Government have had to contend with should be taken into account. It would have been impossible for them to allow the Alsatian-Lorrainers to be both French and German at the same time. The people must make their choice and take the consequences. But we do not see how the Alsatian-Lorrainers can be come Germans without being treated as Germans, but no doubt the incessant agitation which im- provident French patriots have kept up in the ceded Provinces has compelled the German Go- vernment, in the very interests of order and peace, to hasten the termination of that provisional state which, while it created endless embarrassments for the new rulers of the territory, could not in any way mitigate the cruel fate of its inhabitants. For not a little of their sufferings the Alsatian-Lorrainers—those who have chosen French as weli as those who have accepted German nationality—may consider themselves in- debted to the French sympathizers who, unable to wrest their lost territory from the German conqueror, fancied that they were gaining something by turning it into a desert, and that they were freeing the people by bringing them over in a state of homeless and helpless destitution to France. On the subject of the Option a Correspondent writes a long letter to The Times from which the fol- lowing is an extract:- But it is the anomalous position of minors which is the most painfully felt, and it is the one which more than any other affects the future happiness of the natives of the an- nexed Provinces. Innumerable questions have arisen with regard to minors under the care of their parents, or who, their parents being dead, are under the direction of a guardian. Difficulties also have arisen as to minors who, to borrow a French expres- sion, have become emancipated, such enian-ipatfon occur- ring when by a formal proceeding a minor is fraed and made legally responsible for his own acts. The German Govern- ment has refused to recognize the right of emancipation. On these as well as on other points, unfortunately, subordi- D* it officials are constantly giving their own version of the Treaty, which a few days later is disowned by their superiors. Many children will be compelled by circumstances to adopt a nationality different from that of their parents but I will mention one or two cases which have come under my own notice where no consideration will induce them to separiML Ihe first is that of a young man, the only son of a widow. He is not yet quite of age, but his guardian has allowed him to adopt French nationality. The parents of minors who thus leave the country have been threatened with Ones varying from 60 to 1,000 thalers. The poor widow, tnerefore, feels compelled to leave her farm to the ;are of a brother who has no sons and to quit the country, and she will remain away for ever, or until more i ™*ue measures prevail. The son, who will he entitled to th i ProPerty, insists that he would rather pay 3,000f. tnan leave his mother subject to any annoyance. Another case is that of a farmer and his wife, who have three sons, one of whom is in the French army, and the two others ?r? yet of age. If they remain here, as soon aa they at- ;"n the age of seventeen they will be called on to serve in tne Gennan army. Thus the brothers would be in the ranks m- J armies. The whole family has, therefore, deter- mined to migrate into France. These are not isolated cases, Dut the same thing is occurring throughout the whole of the Provinces, aud 1 could furnish the names of a .?r villages in which there is not a single able- man who has not declared for French nationality, ?h {!03e who are liable to serve in the German army, if tney have not already gone away, will do so in a few days. Nor is the emigration confined to the youths who refuse at any price to serve in the German army, or their families, who fear the consequences to themselves if they remain. The vast exodus which is going on knows no distinction of age, tex, or rank, throughout the whole of the annexed pro- vinces Few persons will stay behind except those who can do so and yet preserve their nationality, and those whose circumstances compel them to live as strangers in the land of their birth. As I write 1 do not know a chateau within many miles which in a week from this time -will be occupied by its owners, nor a village from which the youth will not have fled. The sentiments of many a father of a family are well expressed in a letter now before me, and which is written by an intelligent blacksmith from the home he has chosen in France to one of his late employers :— "Jit was a ead heart that I left my pretty valley, the cradle of my family, which is an Eden in comparison to the p ace where I am; but the duty I owe to the country for whose service I wish to educate my children compelled me to resign the comfort and happiness which I enjoyed. It would be impossible for me to bring up my children for the benefit of a cruel enemy that God has raised up for the chas- tisement of our unfortunate country. God grant that our exile may not be eternal!" Ihe annexation of Alsace-Lorraine is an accomplished fact, which it is not my purpose to criticize; but, in describing how the feelings of the people in these provinces are being ignored, I must venture to express my belief that had they been treated with more tact and magnanimity, though thousands might have emigrated, contentment would in time have been produced in the minds of those who remained. Especially ought the males to have been exempted for a few years from the German Conscription. A true man cannot change his nationality with his coat- 0' c 'France has been coii^uered et, .Vflt any one who knows- anything of this gallant, but unfortunate, nation believe that Alsace and Lorfciine will se. dher song into the ranks of that army which brought aw-it her defeat and humilia- tion ? Can any one think that boys whose brothers are in the French army will consent to remain here, when at the age of 17 they will be called upon to wear the uniform of an enemy ? History has, indeed, been strangely misread if such.are the conclusions to which it has led. I feel no heaitaticji in affirming (hat it is the Inevitable repugnance which the inhabitants feel towards the German conscription which is depopulating the annexed proviBoes) htindreds of families prefer to sacrifice everything they possess and flee from homes round which their hearts' dearest tsffeetions are entwined, rather than allow sons and brothers to swell tbe ranks of that army which lately trampled ttuun down as it Passed onward to other triumphs. A German also writes to The TimM Allow me, in justice to the Germans, to reverse the picture for a moment. I have on my wall, hanging before me, a "Map of the Seat of War," issued as a supplement to the Illustrated London Neti'i, date August 6, 1870. Oa that map is marked out the "slide" which Franee had the intention, openly de- clared, to annex bad the war been successful on the side of clared, to annex had the war been successful on the side of France. This slice, it may here be remarked, is coloured red. I personally remember some Women from Salz, one of the places near the former German boundary, informing me only 19 years ago that the Emperor had then issued a decree that Freaeh was henceforth to be taught in the schools in- stead of the (barman, in ^vhltfa tengttage the education of that part of the country, at all eventa was carried on, and the woman's expression theii was, Can yon Imagine any- tiling more cruel than this, as the old parents will no longer understand their children, not knowing French themselves ?" I have little doubt, however, that the nearer to France the sooner that change of langwwp-wat made. V^tAlsstinns will not immediately give in I think shows, j rfcsptictS, tHSIT bbstifiate yet faithful German origin and character but, by the same rttle that they were in time Frenchified, they will again become Germanized. again, had Napoleon been oonqueror he would have aone with the German Khine provinces exactly what Ger- many ig doing with its own AJsace, to which I fancy, at an events, it has a certain amount of previous right, apart jroni all conquest. But war must, of necessity, bring all the irasome consittuehces of iij and tt ever will do so. iT.4?f01" Englishmen, who have without pfejudice looked on matter, they considered the Germans to have dealt, ^bole« fairly toward* the French; whether the latter "a*o. behaved equally well toward' the Germans is a 2!Kii the writer of this is inclined to doubt, especially after a visit ttf France and after Intercourse ?°™e of the first French gentlemen who -have since visited this Country. eV« will be an ngly subject; let ?tB' considet long beforehand what the con- sequences will be should the scales be turned against them. uJ^iitv.6 k one thing, however, to he mentioned here: an Englishman would bear with his misfortune, thought in such J s?yhe would leave out the grinning part of the «?r? French themselves seem to me to feel like a EST iU-tempered schoolboys who cannot put up with the licking they hate haf, though they would have been pleased enough to admmMerIt. Having lost the game, and being unable to retaliate In any other way, they do so by blackguarding their, opponents in their papers. Whether they act wisely in so doing is a matter which time will prove. Germans feel on one subject as well as other nations, and I willeenclnde with the wotda" Country before family."

BETTER EDUCATION,BETTER HOUSES, AND BETTER FOOD REQUIRED. Sir John Pakingtan, attending a Harvest-Home festival at Hanbury, Worcestetthire, and being called upon to respond to thp toast.<>f "The Visitors," ex- pressed his satisfaction at the revival of the Pustom of harvest-nothe festivals} and observed that in that part of the country they had befm specially favoured py Providence in the ingathering oi tha harvest. He erm went on to say that the old saying "Live and let live" was most appropriate at the present time. It re- ferred no i, oliiy to the antics of landlord and tenant, but also to the duties—no less important-^ of tenant and ,ff Congratulated the labourers ta that pariah that there had been no tendency among them to i ot the Unioitts. They might depend on it that these unions were not for the promotion of their happiness. They had a strong claim to careful con- aderation and regard for their real interests; but they should rsm&nber the good advice given them in that day's excellent serMet4 that happiness did not depend on wealth. Happiness depended on some- J • j *^ber; upon a thankful spirit, a eou- poor man possessed of these attri- butes had within him elements of happiness which the rich man was entirely destitute of, provided he u* u°r ?roPei'ly discharge the duties of his station. In his belief-—and he was by no means apt to exaggerate, and would not aak them-to overrate the blessings they -j,DYOd--t,he labourers had no occasion to be led by any union or to D6 IAH _bl.v h* unv riiftCOntGlltArf aurl fjitAi* He apprehended that what they mainly stood in want of throughout the country were three thinge-viz., better education, better houses, and better food. If these requireIllenta wen looked to, legislated for, and promoted the labourers would cease to be the dupes of those who fostered a spirit of discontent, and would lead far better andHobltr lives. ■• 1/ Am$>hlett. jtnd said that tnere might be questions ,w»b-bi@jdLhereafter test tne -Statesmanship of their public men in reference to the division of the produce of the land amid the various classes of society, but there must first be a greater development of agricultural prosperity. He condemned unequivocally the false issues raised upon the labour question.

^J16 clerk to the Manchester School Board reported at tne monthly meeflug that there were £ 8,000 children of i a#e k* the city. The number on the books in the week o^ool8 fl Was49,076,.and the actual attendance ™ i number ot notices Issued by the board up to tbe time requiring parents to send their children to attend school was 8,746, of which 8,701 had expired. (5,456 had peen oompUedwlHt,AOd8§7 gummontet had boon Issued.

THE PERILS OF THE SEA. The wreck of the barque Newcastle, on the evening of the 5th, off Tuskar lighthouse, has already been re- ported in the papers. After striking, the master ordered the boats to be got clear, and the starboard gig was launched, into which the first and second mates, seven seamen, a stowoway, and a man named John Barry, got, but after getting about fifty yards from the ship, the boat was swamped, and capsized. In this accident the mate and one man were drowned, the remainder succeeded in getting on to the bottom of the boat. The boat was then carried by the current to the northward; but before midnight the second officer, the stownway, and all but Barry were washed away and drowned. Shortly after midnight Barry succeeded in getting on to a piece of floating wreck, and drifted back inside the Tuskar. By day- light the next morning the wreck was again carried out into the Channel, although during the night Barry could see lanterns and hear people's voices on Tuakar. At noon on Friday he was again within two or three miles of Tuskar, hoisted his muffler on a stick, but re- ceived no answer. In the afternoon he was drifted away again to the northward, and he saw a steamer come out of one of the Irish ports, and she passed within about a mile and a half, but took no ifotice of his signals. About two on the morning of Saturday, Sept. 7, a black, full rigged vessel approached, and he hailed them to keep her away, and some one answered, Aye, aye," but they passed on. During Saturday a brig pas-ed him, close enough that he could see the man at the tiller distinctly, but those on board failed or de- clined to render him any assistance. Several vessels passed him during the day, but none within hailing distance, until Sunday morning, when the steamer Castilian, bound from Liverpool to Lisbon, hove in sight, and observing his signals, bore up immediately, lowered a boat, and poor Barry was taken off the wreck in a stflbe of great exhaustion, caused by want of food and exposure.

THE NATIONAL FINANCES. The revenue returns for the quarter, as well as for the year, ending 30th of September, have been pub- lished. The revenue for the quarter is 215,809,81-7, being a net increase of £ 795,617 over the corresponding quarter of 187L The revenue for the year is £ 77.061,665, being an increase of £ 5,777,459 over that of the previous year. The increase for the half-year ended September 30 is 22,353.341, consisting of 2300,000 customs, 21,393,000 excise, 239 000 taxes, 2718,000 property tax, 2158,000 Post Office, and 950,000 telegraph service. The items of decrease are —stamps, 211,000; crown lands, 24,000; and miscel- laneous, 2289,6.59. The surplus balance in the Ex- chequer on June 30, beyond the amount of the charge on the Consolidated Fund on that date was 21,953,399.

SPUTTERINGS FROM "JUDY'S" PEN. WHEN are gardeners quite dissipated characters? When they both owe (hoe) and rake. "I DIE game," as the partridge said when he was shot. I DyE well," as the hairdresser said to the young lady. LITTLE JONES, who stands flve-fcet-nothipglnhisbluchers, declares he intends entering the bonds of Hymen. WHEN do you consider your wife a truly dear ere ature?- When her milliner's bill comes in, of course. Too TRUE-It don't follow because ladies are well laced that they are staid in their demeanour. CON FOR THE CRITICAL.—Can those bakers now hanging about on strike be called loafers ? IT is generally believed that ABOUT is about to alter the ntle of his journal from the Soir to I swear. BISMARCK, please make a note on't. A FAST Young Lady—One who is engaged. A DEAD Colour—Shot silk. IF a herring and a half cost IJd., what will be the price of a lobster salad ? 0 A gentleman ordered his Irish servant to call him at six; but he awoke him at four, telling him he had two hours longer to sleep. THE dinner hour is getting later and later; it must end in our not dining till to-inorrow. "I DECLARE, Mr. BOXER, it seems you have read every- thing. Why, Ma'am, after working thirty years as a trunfc- maker.it would be to my shame if I didn't know something of the literature of my country." MANY people are slaves to the siller; none more to than servants of the Crown. THE balance of trade may be a spring one, but it is cer- tainly no use in the autumn. "TIME THE DESTROYER."—It is said that few people who have gone through one official minute ever survive for another. TRANSMUTATION OP BASER SUBSTANcrs.- Judy overheard an old lady, bathing at Bamsgate, declare that she was a-floating capital." THANKS to the wise legislation of our rulers, it is confi- dently expected that during the remaining half seas-on, very few people will become half seas-over. POOR PRINCE BISMARCK would seem to lack anything like sympathy in his illness. Many people, indeed, are quite in- dignant at the idea of his getting ABOUT again. AN old la ly, whose poultry had been somewhat disturbed by the military, was heard to eay, that some people called 'em the ought-to manoovers she called 'em the didn't ought-to manoovera." MOTTO FOR BIGAMISTS.—Marry In haste and repeat at pleasure, NEW WORK ON Fi-fa. -Tiie "Man in the Moon, by the author of the Landlord of the Sun." MEBICAL MEM.—What a doctor in a large practice cMefly wants.—Plenty oIphysic-al sire, gth. iucly,

CUTTINGS FROM AMERICAN PAPERS. A popular doctor in Oswego gives prescriptions with directions to "take one teaspoonful every three years." One of the western railroads has a female locomo- tive-engineer of the beautiful blonde order. She is also con- sidered by her admirers most tender." When a lady faintedadSjfcJHfoeonriB party a gentle- OMUi.thought he conldxeMOHMher K? biting her ear. Bo is going about witii is going abótØ with. A New England paper says the flies there are now so good natored that a wetKorgaalsed one will allow himself to t>e brushed off one's nose eighty-seven times and not show any temper. The Taper is the name of the leading journal of Hum- boldt, Its editor has reached the mature age of ten, and being a light weight himself, he devotes his paper to light literature. A very genteel and amistbie young man is now insane. He sputs big hsir in the middle. The other day in combing U he chancedto getter, moretodntmone side than on the other. This destroyed the balance cf the head and over-turned Us brain- He makes a very gentle lunatic, however. ON A WOMAN WITH BED HAIR WEto WROTK POETRY. -UnfortunatTwomaa how sa4 U your tot! Youriingtet. are red, but your poems are not. GsotfBAfHT OF THE FUTURM-The Alia, one of the most influential of tho San ft-anciscan journals, predicts that America, "before the end of the century, will be the most populous and wealthy of any m tion. In Europe." If she gets Alabama-like business plentiful she wilL BILLINGS AND Co.Yu will alwus notis one thlnx says Josh Billings: the devu never offers to go into partnership with a biwy jn»n but; you will often see him offer tew 1 toe the la«y and furnish all the capital." Billing's critic uTi At last you have a chance ot leaving off your usual signature of Josl1 Billing* aad signing henceforth I Billings and Co. A MARROWLESS SAYS the BaUarat Courier, occurred U^ly In printing for a meat pre- serving company, whose operations are carried on in the Lake country. The printer had been in the habit of labelling tins of beef or mutton, as the case might be, with the words "without bone," prominently displayed. The company hav- ing added kidney sonpto ltaalr^y ample eutsme, the new LJ' »»»-•«*•»•

EPITOME OF NEWS, BRITISH AND FOREIGN. A Brussels "correspondent writes to say that the cattte plague hss broken out in the neighbourhood of Mons. Lady Stourton, wife of Charles, eighteenth Baron Stourton, of the Toners, Knareshrook, Yorkshire, was found dead in her room at four o'clock on Monday afternoon. The latest accounts of ATthe much more reassuring, MPecl^rwter fe potato crop, though in some parts better than expected, is in many districts a complete failure. One hundred and forty-five fresh cases of foot and mouth disease have been reporte^Dg the past week, but this is a duease having almost died out in some divisions. A fatal accident occurred on the nver Ribble at third had a very narrow escape. A nephew from the country came up to see the ruins of Paris andJ calling on his maiden aunt, said he reserved his lwt visit for her. The lady, feeling she was the nun, has since altered her will. The Liverpool Mercury says that the inhabitants of Ormskirk are preparing to hold high festival on the occasion of the coming visit of the Duke and Duchess of Teck to Lathom House, en the invitation of Lord Sselmersdale. Field-marshal Moltke is sending proofs of the work on the late war by the German geperal staff to Marshall MacMahon to enable him to correct any possible errors re- garding the part taken in the campaign by the French marshal. It is stated that Sir Boundell Palmer, should he accept the Lord Chancellorship, wiil take the title of Lord Mixbury.'Sthat being the name of the pariah in which he was born, and of which his father was rector. At the concluding banquet of the Congress of Peace and Liberty at Lugano, Mr. Hodgson Prtft, the only English- man who is mentioned as having spoken on the occasion, procosed a toast to the conciliation of classes." The toast of "Alsace and Lorraine was received with triple hurrahs. Sergeant McCarthy, the drill instructor to the Stow- market Volunteer Corps, at whose house a gunpowder explo- sion took place on Saturday week, died,on Tuesday from the effects ol his injuries. The deceased had been a colour- sergeant in a line regiment, and had been in thirty-three engagements. On Monday the Countess of Derwentwater" took possession of part of the confiscated estates, now in the pos- session of the Greenwich Hospital Commissioners. The Countess walked the bounds of a fiveaere plot, for which no rent has been paid since the attainder. The Countess made x.spoeoll When she stepped trom her carriage, a bailiff served her with a writ of notice, threatening her with arrest for contempt of court if she did not appear by a certain day and give details of her estate. A Banker writes to The Tima from Birming- ham :—" I enclose specimens of the new silver coinage with which the Mint Is favouring us. The two florins and three shillings which 1 send were received from the Bank of Eng- land by us only a week or two ago. About the same time some sovereigns were also received, though not ^us, wiucn, on being paid in again to the Bank of England within a few days, were challenged, and only taken on payment ef a fine of 4d. each, on account of defective workmanship only. This is rather hard upon bankers and others." The Times says that the specimens forwarded by the writer are of a character that would Induce any one to reject them on the ground that they could not possibly have been sent forth from any Government establishment. l&e Scotsman saysThe people of the Airdrie district the other day received intelligence that a son and hob-had been born to the Airdrie estate. Mr. Alexander is at present liring abroad on some of his other estates, and Mr Deedes, his brother-in-law, who resides on th«f estate, basin to make arrangements for celebrating »he event, and .nSng other tilings invited the whole of the Sabbath school ohiidren of Airdrie^ along with their teachers, to a treat in the grounds. While the preparations were betng made, how- ever the teachers of the Protestant schools met. and, after some discussion, resolved that they could not go in company with the uatholic Sabbath school children to celebrate the event. A minute of the proceedings having been sent to Mr. Deedes. he resolved to stop all further proceedings in con- nection with the children's treat; but has intimated his in tention of spending the money thya javed among tee deserv- tngj^oor of the district." Sir Walter and Lady James have offered the people of Jarrow about five acres of land for a recreation ground. A women's congress is to be held at Berlin on the subject of the higher culture of girls. Professor Tyndall left Liverpool for New York on Saturday in the Russia. In the year ended the 31st of March the Excise duty on spirits amounted to £12,779,978 19s. Sd. A Renter's telegram from Hong Kong says that the prospects of an abundant rice harvest in the north of China are very favourable. The net sum of E3,360,489 9s. 10id. was realized in the year ended the 31st of March last by the Stamp Daties on legacies and successions. There are 1,450 hunchbacks in Paris 1,100 persons with only one arm 1,200 with only one leg; 150 legless, or moving along in a sort of bowl on wheels 4,800 blind. An enormous quantity of jute is reported to have b.-en sacrificed in the late cyclone at Calcutti. One account estimates the quantity at 50,000 bales. Individuals bearing the same surname are forbidden to marry in China. Fancy a similar prohibition applied to our Smiths, Erowns, and Joneses! A bottle was washed ashore atPortrush, on Srmday, containing a piece of paper with the following on it: LoLt with all hands at sea, the Lisbon, oil 24th SeA., 1872." It is asserted that t.he Manchester police have given notice to t;>e holders of publicans' licences that they will be deprived of them it in the future they permit Home Rule meetings to be held in their houses. To impart a flavour to the flesh of fowls, such as constitutes the "game flavour" of the wild st:te, the Boston Journal of Chemistry recommends Cayenne pepper, gruund mustard, or ginger, to be added to the common food of fowls. On Sunday last, a Swedish seaman, named l'eter Olsen, while on board a vessel in the Tyne Docks, South Shields, got out of his birth while asleep, walked overboard, and was drowned. A stratum of about six feet depth of rich manure has been discovered in a cavern near Gran, in Hungary, which has been for ages the trysting-place of innumerable bats. Colonel Henderson has declined to recommend an increase of pay to the Metropolitan police force on the ground that an increase took place a short time ago, and he sees no reason for a further rise. On Saturday a boy leaped from a train on the East Lancashire Raiinay, and was so severely Injured that he is not expected to live; and, on the following day, a man jumped from another train on the same line, and fell down an embankment into apiece of water, and was drowned. Mr. Surderland, J.P., of Ashton-under-Lyne, after presiding for three hours at the borough petty sessions on Thursday, expired suddenly at his own residence the same evening from distase of the heart. Re was in his 67th year. About twenty English Volunteers have carried off prizes at the Tir National in Belgium. At the head of the list is Mr. Wyatt, of London; whilst Mr. Wallace of Edin- burgh came in second. Baden-Baden begins to have a foresight of what it would become if made a perfectly moral watering place by abolishing play. All the French notabilities who owned villas there are getting rid of them as rapidly as possible. The miners of Morpeth have determined to run a Candida e of their own at the next parliamentary election, and their choice has fallen on Mr. Thomas Burt, stcretary of the Northumberland Miners' Union. There appears in the Hong-Kong papers to hand an announcement in large letters to the effect that, happily, the Ice-famine" is at an end, In consequence of the arrival of a vessel with an ample supply. In the financial year ended the 31st of March last, the accounts of which, in an official document, have just been issued, the fees on stamps for patents of inventions amounted to 4125,273. The adjourned Brewster Sessions for the county of Derby was held at the County-hall last Friday. The chair- man said the Bench had decided to adhere to the hours of the Act. Sine magistrates had voted for this decision, and two for the extension of the time. A brutal case of sheep massacre has been discovered in Dean Forest, seven valuable sheep having been found with their beads beaten to pieces, whilst seven others were missing. This shocking act is believed to have been done out of revenge. It stated that Durham Gaol is not large enough to conveniently accommodate its present inmates, owing to the numerous convictions under the new Licensing Act. The p parties convicted prefer, as a rule, to go to prison rather than pay the fine. Mr. Hibbert, M.P., the Under-Secretary of the Local Government Board, in addressing a soirfee at Oldham, intimated that there was a probability of a new Registration Bill being introduced next session by the Home Secretary. The number of objections entered in his own borough he stigmatised as disgraceful. An officer in one of our Edinburgh Highland com- panies of Volunteers at Lifege was the Amecial object of "attraction; every step he took thousands of fingers pointed to the Scotchman, and the unkind English Volunteers amused themselves by pointing to him also, and calling him La fllle durSfftment," which amused the natives much. Smokers who buy meerschaum pipes ready coloured should be cautious in their purchases. From a recent re- port, published in Pans, it appears that the most noxious pigments are frequently employed t> give the clay the cherished hue. Hence various stomachic and often very serious complaints. Dugong oil, exhibiting in the Queensland annexe Is said to be a most agreeable medicine It is rarely that we find a valuable medicine and an agreeable and palatable food adjunct combined. During a recent dinner the guests were regaled with pastry made with Dugong oil, which was pro- nounced excellent. The statue of Sir Walter Scott, executed by Mr. Steele, of Edinburgh, has arrived in New York. It is a counterpart ef the statue of Sir Walter Scott in Edinburgh, hnd is the gift of the Scotch residents of New York to that city. It is t? be unveiled with imposing ceremonies at Central Park on St. Andrew's-day. Having1 taken the o pinion of the Irish la", officers, the Dublin Police Commissioners have ordered the police to enforce the closing of public houses on Sundays and holi- days at seven p m., and on ordinary days at ten p.m. in all the suburban townships of Dublin having less than 6,000 in- habitants. It is stated that Mr. Goschen has sanctioned the establishment of a new corps of volunteers, solely for the defence of the Thames. Mr. Goschen desires that the corps shall be called the Royal Naval Artiaery Engineers." Arms will be provided gratis. The men- will wear a nival uniform, and will be instructed under government authority on gun boats stationed in the es. The Prefecture of Police in Paris has beeai informed th*T Mftrmsna MM> aqwTMttag Pari*, trying to engage women disposed tu|u WT bah tftlw iu.h ■luit'tu rawiaMiw-toaijMBKiibM The passage out is naturally paid by these commissaries, who, moreover, guarantee a husband for each lady on her arrival. M. Leon Say does not approve of this enticement of young females, and has given orders In consequence. On Friday, the schooner Samson, owned by Mr. B. Lee Smith, ef London, arrived at null, after an absence of a little over four months, from a cruise in the Arctic Seas. It is said that some islands seen by Mr Smith doling his cruise last year were not marked on any chart, and it is thought that he has bad the honour of determining the west Mint of ØpIW." and of discovering islands in nearly the same latitude M. G-ambetta in still cairying the Hed Cross through the rural departments. At ivian and Thon-a he was visited by a numbetot French and Swiss deputations apparently tvndng more omtic-no from him, His organ the Ripvblique Franfaise has fallen out with that of the President about the moral effect of hit stalling tour. It Is maintained by the former "to be profitable to the .Republic." If much speaking and fast travelling can secure the Presidency of the United States, then Is Mr. Horace Greeley on the high road to success. A New York telegram informs us that the eccentric journalist has returned to that city after an absence of ten days, having trmroltea 3,000 milwand j delivered 200 speeches. A Dublin Correspondent writesLunacy is m- • "r..fartittia rate in Ireland. The twenty-first wnnrt*of Iranectors of Euiuoy jnst Issued diows that, whereas nf^ Mntmr ago there were only 12,393 known 18,327. While the insane were only one out oi m ia*s, there are one in 300 now. William Taylor, who will be i^ttOTobtfed x^r- dered Susafiwah Hebden and her daughter Frances, at Ber- mondsey, on the 30th June last, has appeared at tto South- wark Police-court. Medical evidence was hewd as to the wounds inflicted on the deceased. )(011 ttebden, a boy of 14, who was also wounded by Taylor, described how be had been awoke bf his mother's groaning, and found her tying in blood. The prisoner was fully committed lot trial. It is said that Mr. Lowe's at Glasgow has given great offence to all classes in Ireland, who resent the manner in which the right hon. gentleman not only refuses the request of the hish fishermen, but laughs at them for making it; and they point to the neglect of the Irish fisheries with the advantage given to the Scotch in their possession of a Government brand guaranteeing the quality of the herrings. The Elgin and Morayshire Courier of Friday has the following We have much pleasure in stating that her Majesty the Queen has acknowledged receipt, through Colonel Ponsonby, of two copies of the Elgin andvoray- shire Courier, printed in gold, containing an account of -her brief but auspicious visit to the city. The papers were for- warded to her Majesty by juord Provost Cameron." The largest bridge in the world is the Victoria, over the River St. Lawrence, Montreal. It consists of a heavy iron tube, resting upon 24 intermediate piers, and is 9,191 feet in length. The bridge now in course of construction over the Tay at Dundee will be 10,321 feet in length, 1,127 feet longer than the Montreal structure. It will have 90 intermediate piers, and 89 spans. The Indianapolis News gives the following descrip- tion of the dress worn by a young belle of that locality oa her marnage:-The bride's dress consisted of a white mega- therium silk, trimmed with acid blue, pompaded front and lambrequins of the same, looped up with lilies flecked by mellaced trivere-imported expressly for her. Her veil was blassSd, pink silk p >lonaise, trimmed with double fluted ruchings surmounted with a wreath of the snowy trinchi- naliis. The strike mania is now reached a point beyond which imagination cannot pierce. It is stated that in a German theatre recently apiece was often given in which a cat had to appear, and the owner of the animal received one silber-groschen (rather more than one penny In English money) each night for her performance. All at onoe he de- manded ten times as much (or about one shilling English). If his demand is not granted puss will strike." The question of admitting the claims of 240 miners to be n the parliamentary register for the borough of South Shields has been before Mr. Heath, the revising barrister. Mr. Purves, solicitor, appeared in support of the claims. Mr. Swallow, b viewer, stated that the miners were not absolutely required to reside in the cottages, and were regarded as tenants. Same of their miners resided elsewhere. Mr Heath admitted all the claims, holding it proved that miners so- cupied as tenants. There is an estate in Australia worth &bout C60,000, which is now, so far as can be ascertained, without an owner, and is in the hands of the Government Curator. Patrick Coady, or Patrick Coady Buckley, a Gipp's Land squatter, died intestate on the 16th of June. It is believed that he was born in Dublin in 1817, that he first arrived in New South Wales as a child with his mother, who afterwards married a small farmer named Buckley, and died without having had another child. Nothing more is now known by which a right ef succession can be traced. Br. Eliicot perseveringly exercises his episcopa powers and opportunities in Gloucester for getting at the whole truth of the agricultural labourers' condition. He has held a conference at his palace, where several labourers submitted themselves to cross-examination by the bishop and several landowners. Their general ideal of comfort was to have 15s. a week, with Is. 6d. allowance in lieu of cider, better houses, and half-acre allotments, not to cost more than 3Cs. a year. Mr. Price, M.P., cautioned them against putting their trust in the Labourers' Union, as it would only provoke reprisals. According to the Swiss Times it was resolved "al- most unanimously," at the Peace Congress at Lugatio that the league should support every effort made for the intro- duction and maintenance of arbitration in international affairs, and if it esteemed it proper to take the initiative in the matter; but the Congress stated anew that the only actual means to abolish war, and to do away with standing armies, is the formation of a Republican federation of peoples under the name of the United States of Europe." The Manchester Guardian records an important conviction under the Licensing Act at Stockton. A putoUcaa was fined for permitting persons to play in his billiard-room at the game of '■ pool for money. The case is met by seventeenth section of tbe new Act, which imposes a pMjajW upon any publican who "suffers any gaining or anj;unlaww game to be carried on on his premises." It was nrged publican's behalf that playing at pool for money was per- mitled all over the country, and that to prohibit It would have the effect of dosing a great number at biLKwd-roome but the magistrates were unmoved by this plea, and they proceeded to fine rather heavily two men who had.been parties to a match of pool, for oourse, and who had refoaed to desist after being ,¡, The women of France has just handed to Govern- ment 6,580,000f. in aid of the liberation of the territory. The purchase and sale of Chinese women is reported to be still carried on on the Pacific Coast. The subscription which has been set on foot for th reparation of St. Alban's Abbey has ndw reached the sum of Jelb,ooo. Queensland is flourishing. Cattle, minerals, wool, sugar, cotton, are swelling her exports The population now numbers 120,104- -an inereaseof 20,203 over 116L The stamp duty on cards in the year ended the 31st of Marcii, in an official document just issued, was, in net, £ 12,091 lis. The popular superstition that overturning the salt ie unlucky, originated in a picture of The Last Supper, by Leonardi da V nci, in which Judas Iscarict is represented » overturning the salt. A new daily paper, to be called the French Times, will make its appearance in London shortly. It will be under the directicn of M. Odysse-Barot, who was formerly the chief editor of a Paris journal. The Pope is hard upon the marriage state, for he wittiiy said, on hearing that Father Hvacinthe was married, "The Saints be praised. the renegade has taken his punish- ment into his own hands. The ways of providence are in- serutable," At Sheffield, the other day, one servant flatly refused to Ve called" tbe girl," and gave notice that she must hence- forth be called Miss Another gave notice because she had a1 ways been accustomed to bacon and eggs for break- fast, strawberry jam to her tea, and "something nice" for supper! French English is as funny as EngHsh French, which is siylng a great deal. It is said that recently a French lady went to see a fine boy baby, and in endeavouring to express admiration, said, "0, my, what a nice fat bawbee! How fat she is, don't he It is not precisely agreeable to be drowned at sea or lost in a crevasse, but at least the victims of such a catas- trophe have the pleasure of reflecting in their last momenta that they will not give employment totnndertakers or to those persons who have made the suburbs of London hideous by specimens of British sculpture.-Saturday Review. Paris is now suffering from a plague of small brown ants; they are Dot" ephemeral" lIke the "Prussian flies" that visited us during the spring; they are resolute, and the last idea they appear to have is that of going away. Some say they are a sign of good luck; others think that they are strange "autumn manoeuvres." f An advertisement of a land sale in the island of Anglesey has appeared in The Times, which describes the property as lying in the several parishes of "Llanbeubm, Llantrisaiut, Llanddauseint, Llanfairmathafarneithafpen- traeth, Llanddyflan, Amlwch, Llandyfrydog, and Tilanwiitan,' A London publican availed himself of the new Licensing Act to get rid of a potman who came home drunk after midnight; but the magistrate declined to deal with him as an intoxicated" customer, on the ground that the man was at home, and could not be turned out without notice. In London, on Sunday, five thousand railway ser- vants jomed in a Hyde Park demonstration in support of the emigration movement whieh is now going on extensively among that class of employes. They were addressed by Dr. Langley Baxter and several of the promoters of the Amal- gamated Society. George Sand sold her last novelfor 6,000 fr. Previous to the late war she never received less than 10,000. Even Victor Hugo had to submit to a reduction of his copyrights, his publishers, both in Paris and Brussels, having experienced a large decrease in the sale of his works. Formerly about fix thousand copies of his complete works were sold annually. Since the war less than three thousand copies have been dis- posed of. At a recent trial instituted by the Society for the Suppression of Vice against a dealer in obscene books and photographs, Mr. Commissioner Kerr threw out a suggestion which is well worth noting. He expressed a hope that the Committee of the Society would publish the letters which they had seized in the possession of these realers, nad give in full the names and addresses of the writers. The Society* Secretary expresses a doubt how far it would be practicable to carry out the suggestion, and fears that an injunction In Chancery might soon be obtained to stop the publication. A correspondent of the Church Herald writes :—A friend of mine on Sunday week attended a Dissenting meet- ing- house at Brighton, belonging to Mr. Paxton Hood. In the course of his sermon, the preacher took up a book, which was lying on the pulpit-cushion, and, holding It up said Here is a book, my friends, which I wish you would all buy, and, having bought it, read it, and digeet it. 1 will read you a page or two of it." Having read a long extract from it, he continued: Now I'll tell you the name of it; It is Canon Liddon's I lamt Lectures?'" The journeymen shoemakers of Lurgaa have struck work for an increase of wages. A large number of the men left their work on Monday evening, an<* the remainder, It seems, have intimated their intention of following suit. The men demand an increase of about 25 per cent., but, consider- ing the late advance in the price of leather and other <dr- cumstancss, the employers say that they cannot comply with this demand. It is only a few months ago since the same employes received a similar increase. Some of the employers have already advertised for new hands. The apprehension mentione4 last week respecting the adoption of short time in the cotton factories of Preston is already beginning te assume a reality. On Saturday the largest firms in the town, who employ between 3,000 and 4,000 hands, gave notice of their intention to adopt short time. The high price cf coAl, mechanical and other labour, and the uncertain state of the cotton-trlde are assigned as the chief reasons for the change. The coming winter, it is feared, will be a severe one for the operatiVas. Dean Swift bequeathed a madhouse to Ireland be- cause, as an eplsram relates, no country wanted It go much- According to the French papers, an Englishman, »; cently died at ArmentiSres, 1° v? ?■ ecceaitric divine's example, by leilving Coo,ooo for building a lunatic asylum in France. This preference does us much honour," says La Liberie, and probably no sim-lar insult has paid to this country since old Bedlam was built on the Jlan of the Tuiieries, a ,1; which greatly irritated the French monarch of that day. A Paris engineer has just been 11 bolst with his own petalld" in ikliteral eense-i e., blown to pieces by the acci- dental explosioH of an infernal machine, whose destructive properties he had intended for the benefit of the Prussians, should another war break out. The man's rame was Durieux, and for many months he had laboured assiduously at his benevolent invention, which was to sweep away whole ranks of the enemy at a single dischar ge. At last the oaomaMt came for the final proof. Durieux procured a hand™* t leaden toy soldiers, drened them Ifc-ltes p placed them befw Mslw*w mmrf.ot veagwnwe, teed tt, and blew himself to pieces. On Saturday night a.ad occurrence happened at the South Pier, Sunderland. A. married wo man, ouneff Brfls, was intending to procoedje UaAm tq» the JBmeUok Mm ..I" mother^eries (or assistance some Customs'officers rowwlto the spot, but couki find no traoe of the children. One <9 we bodies was subsequently recovered. It is stated that the colliery yroprietots ol huos- shire have resolved upon awoMw- advance In the price af both house coal and engine fuel, in cop sequence of tbe wp- ply being inadequate to tbe demand. At a meeting twM yn Saturday, at Cheater, <he eoalowners of the North Walea district, to View «f what «*ev ocmsiderad the«Bnea»l do»rB- ward tendency of prices, refused the men s demand tor a further iner&-«rj» per cent in their wages, Mid Mated that they would only be able to maintain the lm advance of 10 per cent. should prices be not further reduced. P.HyA Harriet Boxall, a girl wed fourteen, who threw herself off Waterloo-bridge a few days ago, was charged at the Bow-street Police Station, London, on Saturday with attempting to commit suicide Jt appeared that she told^boy named Angell that she had given bar likeness to her lover, and intended to drown herself, fie beUeved lt to be a joke, but, in his presence, die stepped upon the parapet of Watet^ loo-bridge and threw berseli into the water. "Die motnqr 0» the girl stated that she had noticed that her daughter nadza- cently become very dull, and had stayed away of a night. Dtt gtcl was ultimately delivered up to Miss Stride. An Inquest was held in London, on Monday, on tihe body of an unfortunate woman who was found dead the other day under a staircase In tbe Seven Mais. She does not ap- pear to have been starved or to hare mat with Soul eiay, tat she was utterly friendless, tor tbe police are acable to trace her identity. It Is supposed that she bad been drunk-and had crept in under the stairs where rite was food, for shelter, and there miserably periihed of drink and exposure. —The lessee of the kitchen where the dead body was totud, stated at the inquest that the place was very often taken possession of by uninvited lodgers. She had frequently to hold the candle to them while they dressed when she wanted to turn them out. The Rev. H. M. Barnett, late cor&te of St. Jade's, Mildmay-park, whose secession frum the Established Chunk of Englaad was announced a fortnight ago, having joteeda Free Church in Southampton, in which town he was a curate, has received notice from the Bishop of WiniiisriH S secretary that he will be inhibited from officiating as a clergyman unless he complies with the Clerical JMsabuttMS Act. In announcing this on Sunday, Mr. Barnett said he seceded from the Church in consequence of the Bennett judg- ment. He should refrain from further officiating until the advice of the Frt-o Church Council was taken OIl Tfcsadsgr week, and by that he should abide.

THE MARKETS. MARK-LANE.—MOKBAT. The wheat trade at Mark-lane to-day has been qui8&. Mw supply of English has not been large, and that of foreign MS been only moderate. For both red and white produce the demand has been quiet, at about late rates. The tarley has been moderate. Tbe trade, although quiet, has n Arm. Fine new English is word 45s. to ASs.; an i ffasie, 62s. per qr. Malt has been quiet, at late rates. Oats have been in moderate request on former terms. Maize has been quiet, but steady. Beans and Peas have been disposed of, at the rates previously current. The flour market has been firm. The top price of town made has been advanced St., making it 54s. to 67s. METROPOLITAN CATTLE MARKET.—MoKBAT Heaviness has been the feature of the cattle trade to-day, and there has been a decided tendency to lower rates. JL moderate supply of beasts has come to hand from our sea grazing districts, and has met a dull inquiry at 2d. to 44. per Sldu less ihoney. The choicest Scots have with CifBcaMy made 6s. per 81b, and the best runts and Heref ords have been disposed of at about the same figure, but shorthorns have not made more than 5s. 6d. to 6s. Sd. per Sib. Amongst the foreign supply were b6 Danish, 161 Spanish, and' 415 Dutch. From Lincolnshire, Leicestershire, and NorthamptonsSSre wt received about 1,500 from other parts of England 200; freai Aberdeen 20, and from Ireland about 240. The sheet market has been depressed, and prices have fallen 2d. to id. perigib. English breeds have not been plentiful, and tt* < best Downs have occasionally made 7s. per 810., but this has not been the general top quotation, 6s. 10 A. being moritb realised. There has been a large show of Dutch sheep til good condition, the best of which have made 6s. 6d. per SIb. Calves have been fiat and lower. Pigs have been dull. Per Slb- to sink the offaL s. d. s. d. a. d. a.«. Coarse & int. beasts 4 0 4 0 Prime Southdown 6 8 7 0 Second quality do. 4 6 5 0 Large coarse calves 5 0 S 8 Prime large oxen 5 T8 5 8 Prime small ditto.. 6 69 4 Prime Scots, &c. Õ 8 6 0 1 Large hogs I 41 < Coarse & inf. aheep A 0 4 10 Small porkers 0 6 4 Second quality do. 6 0 5 8 T*mi» o f Pr. coarse wooBed 6 2 6 6 METROPOLITAN MEAT MARKET.—MOHDAT. There were tolerably large supplies of meat on offer, and with a" slow demand prices ruled in buyer's favour. Per 81b. by the carcase. s. d. s. d. a. d. s. <L Inferior beef 2 8 < 4 Inferior mutton.. 3 « 4 « MMdling ditto S 8 4 2 Middling ditto 4 0 4 8 PttmelMgeditto46 4 10 Prime ditto 5 0 5 a Prime ditto 4 8 5 0 imp pork s 4 < 8 Yaal 6 0 6 8 Small pork 4 4 6 9 tambs, 6s. id. to 5s. Od. FISH. The market was moderately supplied, and the demand brisk, at the following prices .—Pickled herrings, 25s. te 37s. 6d.; red ditto, 18s. to 23s.; roused ditto, 18s. to 20s. «* fresh ditto, 17a 6d. to 23a per barrel; kipper ditto, 2L to 4s. 4d.; bloaters, la- Od. to 3s. 9d. per box; smoked haddocks, 20s. to S2s. 6d.; trawl ditto, 12s. to 13s treat plaice, IS*, to Ms. per barrel; cod, 8s. 6d. to 6s. 6d.; live Sod, 8s. 64 to 18s., dorie, 2s. 6d. to 4s.; brill, 3s. to Ss. 6d.; turbot. 8s. to lls. «ach; soles, Is. to 4s. per pair; lobsters, 1A. to 8s. each; native oysters, glo ]LOL per bushel. HOPS. the arrivals ef new hops are good, and somewhat 4n eseessof the demand, wWch is prfe conf. better qualities. Yearlings and old* regain duU, *t mm- ing prices. Picking is still going vfar nsly: ax.1 aw. regard to the yield aii&satisfaction \pfcamni. Tbtee a, however In same districts a great ikC I aW ot in colour, and cons derable difficulty will be txptneatted 1ú securing the whole crop in time to prevent loss. N FOTATOM. The markeia wen sparingly sujppBed witt potatoes day. Trade was ateady, and fafiyprica* v ere rfdin.sd.^v sound description >-Junt regent*, iOs, to (j; outer I regaats, £ 0 to m 10s.; rooks, £ sfc> £ 6 aw. par toe.