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READINGS FOR THE YOUNG.
READINGS FOR THE YOUNG. WHERE DO YOU LIVH ? I knew a man, his name was Horner, Who used to live on Grumble Corner— Grumble Comer in Crosspatch Town, And he was never seen without a frown. He crumbled at this, he grumbled at that, He growled at the dog, he growled at the cat; He grumbled at morning, he grumbled at night, And to grumble and growl were his chief delight. He grumbled so much at his wife that she Began to grumble as well as he; ■. And all the children, wherever they went, Reflected their parents' discontent. If the sky was dark and betokened rain, Then Mr. Horner was sure to complain; And if there was never a cloud about, He'd grumble because of a threatened drought. His meals were never to suit his taste, He grumbled at having to eat in haste The bread was poor, or the meat was tough, Or else he hadn't had half enough. No matter how hard his wife might try To please her husband, with scornful eye He'd look around, and then, with a scowl, At something or other begin to growl. One day, as I loitered along the street, My old acquaintance I chanced to meet, Whose face was without a look of care And the ugly frown he used to wear. I may be mistaken, perhaps," I said, As, after saluting, I turned my head; But it is, and it isn't, the Mr. Horner Who lived so long on Grumble Corner ?" I met him next day, and I met him again, In melting weather, in pouring rain, When stocks were up and when stocks were down; But a smile somehow had replaced the frown. It puzzled me much, and so one day I seized his hand in a friendly way, And said: Mr. Horner, I'd like to know What can have happened to change you so ?" He laughed a laugh that was good to hear; For it told of conscience calm and clear, A.nd he said, with none of the old-time drawl, I've changed my residence, that is all." Changed your residence" Yes," said Horner; It wasn't healthy on Grumble Corner!" And so I moved—'twas a change complete— And you'll find me now in Thanksgiving-street. Now every day as I move along The streets Bofilled with the busy throng, I watch each face, and can always tell Where men and women and children dwell; And many a discontented mourner Is spending his days on Grumble Corner— Sour and sad, whom I long to entreat To take a house in Thanksgiving-street. -Herald of Mercy. EMPEROR AND PRISONER. In the grey of an early morning, during the reign of good Joseph II. of Austria, a strange scene occurred in one of the streets of the old city of Pres- burg. We can forgive history much of its dry detail and stiff formality when it also records for us heart- touching incidents of real life like this that we have here to tell. The nearly silent street, flanked by its two rows of tall houses, most of the blinds and shutters still closing the windows at that early hour, was being swept by a gang of convicts brought each morning through the prison gates for the purpose. In the line of prisoners was an old man, whose hair and beard were white as silver, and whose ugly uniform did not wholly hide a certain [stateliness of bearing, which he, however, did not allow to hinder his work. But, in spite of his prepossessing look and manner, it was to be noticed that only he of all his wretched companioas draggled at his leg a chain, weighted by a heavy bullet. Yet it seemed impossible to believe that he had ex- celled in crime among the repulsive-looking wretches about him. As the work of cleaning the street pro- gressed, the thoroughfare, in spite of the early hour, came at last to have one passer-by. A tall, elderly man, very plainly dressed, but wear- ing, a kind of uniform, advanced along one of the pavements, and as he looked at the gang of sweepers, his eye quickly singled out the old prisoner. This observer seemed soon to notice that although the white-haired man, in spite of having the chain and ball to drag, managed by sheer exertion to keep up with the others in his work, the overseer was nearly always shouting at him in anger, and finding fault without cause. The spectator stepped into the road to the old man's side. "What," he asked, "is your crime, that you are treated in this way ?" The old prisoner, at the sound of a voice which had in it a tone of pity, looked up, and stood still, resting his broom upon the stones. It was a terrible story of persecution and cruelty that he had to tell. He belonged to a distant province, and his position there answered to the class in England called yeo- men," he having been owner of some small property of his own. But, most unfortunately for him, the farm lay on the skirt of the great estate of Count and this nobleman had fixed an envious eye upon its scanty fields, as King Ahab longed for Naboth's vineyard. Their owner, prizing the spot as having been the home of his forefathers, refused to sell it to the count. From that hour began his persecution. lOne legal process was served upon him after another, costs being run up at every 'stage. In the end he was fairly mined, and was forced to agree to sell the farm to the rapacious nobleman; but he bargained that he was to remain in the house for one year more. One day, soon after this, he was standing at his gate, deep in grief at the prospect. A wounded hare unexpectedly ran by, and, without thinking what he was doing, he instinctively raised his stick, and put the poor creature out of its pain. At that moment the count's servants came up and arrested him on the spot, and although he had not laid a finger upon the hare he was taken to prison. There he lay for six months before he was tried, and when he was placed before the judge, the in- tluence of the wicked count secured his being sentenced to two years' imprisonment. In the meantime his wife and children were turned out of the house, and plunged into utter poverty. That, sir," concluded the aged prisoner, is my history. But how can this persecution be possible ?" asked his sympathising listener. "Why is your Emperor not informed of it ?" Oh," sighed the old man, getting his broom again in motion, the Emperor is far away and besides, in a quarrel with a nobleman, a poor man like myself must be in the wrong. Nay, nay, sir," the prisoner hastened to say, in a trembling voice, pray do not try to interfere in my favour. A person once did so, and, as a result, I suffered fifty lashes, and have to drag this heavy chain. Do me the service of not speaking for me, or I shall suffer for it." Another voice now broke in, speaking in loud, harsh tones; There you are again, you lazy fellow, chattering away your time instead of working. Have you found another soft-hearted fool to listen to your whining? Do you wish another fifty lashes, and a chain and bullet for your other leg ?" The brutal speaker was the overseer, and he raised his stick to strike the old man. But the gentleman parried the blow with his walking-cane, sending the truncheon flying. Sirrah exclaimed the furious overseer, I will arrest you for daring to interfere with an official. You are a prisoner, sirrah Leisurely the stranger unbottoned his surtout, dis- closing to view a glittering star upon his breast. It was the Emperor Joseph himself. He was accustomed, when travelling, to walk out alone, early and late, seeing things with his eyes. "Mercy! mercy!" cried the terror-stricken over- seer, falling upon his knees. "Away I" replied the Emperor. "Lead me this moment to the governor." The governor sank into a panic still worse than that of the overseer on hearing that the Emperor had entered the gaol. He, however, stammered out that the blame rested with the judge, who was a friend of the count. Good Heaven above I what villainy!" exclaimed the Emperor. But woe be to him who now injures a hair of that old man Hurrying back to his castle, the Emperor ordered the judge to be summoned before him; the result was, that the judge was put into prison, where he first of all received 50 lashes, answering to those he had, by his unjust sentence, inflicted on the old man. Next, the chain and cannon ball were transferred from the innocent prisoner's legs to his own, after which he was made to clean the streets of Presburg like other convicts. And among his companions in this task he soon found out the ex-governor of the prison and the ex-overseer the latter of whom now found the stick he had so mercilessly ill-used oft coming down upon hiiJ own back. Nor did the good Emperor stop nere in doing justice he sent for the liberated old man, and thus addressed him I will make you the governor of the gaol, believ- ing that you, who have suffered the barbarous cruelties of persecution, will show humanity to the prisoners under you. Farewell. Collect your family around you, and may God bless you!" Before the amazed old man could thank the just, God-fearing Emperor, the door of the apartment had closed upon him.—Ikry of R.
MB. GLADSTONE IN 1841.
MB. GLADSTONE IN 1841. A HITIIEltTO UNPUBLISHED LETTER. Mr. Thomas Mitchell, of Holbeach, Lincolnshire, now has in his possession the following letter, hitherto unpublished, which was written to the late Mr. Jos. Simpson, a Conservative Nonconformist, at the time when Mr. Gladstone was Conservative candidate for Newark. Mr. Simpson was on Mr. Gladstone's elec- tion committee, and he wrote drawing his attention to allegations made that he was doing his best to overthrow Nonconformity. Hawarden, Chester, July 10, 1841. "DearSir'-I am sincerely obliged by your trans- mitting tome thc curious extract contained in your letter of the 6th, as you state that it has occasioned uneasiness to some of my constituents. It had not met my eye, but had it done so I should have passed it over without notice, trusting to its own glaring falsity to neutralise its design; just as I remember to have passed over an amusing sketch in the Weekly Dispatch shown to me by a friend, which stated that I entered public life as a Liberal, but ratted to the Duke of Wellington and Sir Hobert Peel in 1834, and that I was said openly to avow my readiness to sell myself to the best bidder. I have riot the least hesitation in disclaiming, in the most, eimphatic and stringent language that you can sug- gest to me, all desire to remove or abridge the civil privileges at present enjoyed by any class of my fellow subjects, or 'to exercise the civil power for the purpose of compelling conformity,' or ex- tinguishing dissent. And I trust that I have already in print sufficiently disclaimed any such desire. With respect to 'Puseyism,' or the religious part of the question, as your letter does not refer me to it. I need not here enter upon its discussion further than to say that I consider it clearly forbidden by my duty as a member of the Church to recognise any scheme of human opinions in theology as the basis of my belief, and of my hopes for the Divine mercy, and that the sun of Christianity, in my view, is that contained in the ancient Creeds, and demonstrated by the supreme authority of Scripture. While thus briefly dismissing the question, I have no desire to evade further inquiry. What I have published upon these matters now extends to a considerable bulk, and I could not expect you to undergo the considerable labour !6f going through the whole of it I have, how- ever, desired that a copy of the third edition of my first book on the relations of the Church with the State may be forwarded to you by an early oppor- tunity. More recently I have much enlarged the work but if you will refer to the portions relating to persecution in that volume, you will, I think, per- ceive that I am not among its admirers. You will find parts particularly bearing on it in Chap. II., 72-71,and Chap. VI., 5-13. This, I hope, may satisfy you without your undertaking a more extended labour. -I remain, dear sir, your faithful servant, "W, E. GLADSTONE." You are at perfect liberty to make this letter known."
EPITOME OF NEWS.
EPITOME OF NEWS. Two thousand miles of first-class roads were con structed in America last year. SCIENTISTS declare that every ton of sea-water con- tains one grain of pure gold. THE New York Post-office made a net profit of 4,900,000dols. in 1897. THE Prince of Wales will hold a Levee on behalf of the Queen on Monday, February 21. THE personal estate of Dr. Lake, late Dean of Durham, has been sworn at £ 76,813. LONDON funerals cost over one million pounds annually. LIVERPOOL is having all its telephone wires laid underground. THE prowling bands of natives in Algiers and neighbourhood have now been dispersed. EVERYBODY in Russia is registered by the police, and a record is kept of all travellers, the time of their arrival and departure. THE most ancient coin in Europe, the ducat, was first struck in the mint of Venice, in the year 1284. The building is still in existence. THE Mussulmans of Singapore have sent 000 and 1200 blankets for their distressed co-religionists in Crete. AN eight hour day has been introduced in all mines and factories of the internal district of Russian Poland. IT has been definitely decided that Nice and Paris shall be connected by telephone, and the work will be commenced forthwith. STEPS are being taken to raise E12,000 for the erection of a new parish church at Muswell-hill, Hornsey. THE War Office authorities have decided upon an extensive scheme for the enlargement and alteration extensive scheme for the enlargement and alteration of the Hounslow Barracks. THE Maidstone Town Council have resolved to promote a special Act of Parliament for purchasing the water company. REAR-ADMIRAL ROBERT HASTINGS HARlns is to be a Knight Commander of the Order of St. Michael and St. George. THE sales of land and property at the London Auction Mart, during 1897, realised Y.5,257,723, as compared with £ 4,476,801 for 1896. A NEW clear-water storage tank is to be constructed by the Dumfries and Maxwelltown Water Com- mission, at an estimated cost of £ 3000. THERE are in circulation in China at the present time coins bearing the names of Emperors who lived 2000 years ago. A RETURN shows that the railways conveyed 142,000 bicycles from Coventry in 1897, compared with 216,000 in the previous year. LONDON has 3000 miles of sewers, 34,000 miles of telegraph wires, 3200 miles of gas-pipes, and 4500 miles of water-mains. ACETYLENE for street illumination has been adopted in the French town of Aude. The mains laid measure three kilometres, and 250 lamps are lit from them. A CARPET use in the room of an American mint, after being in wear some years, was recently burned in pans, and yielded £ 500 worth of gold. A LARGE number of laundrymen and girls who have gone on strike in New York against a reduction of wages have been replaced by Chinese cheap labour. A NEW YORK man is bringing a divorce suit against his wifEl because she is a spiritualist, and will hold$4atlCes in the conjugal mansion. NINETEEN bombs, believed to have been intended for use some time back, have been found atKumanova, Macedonia, and its neighbourhood in houses occu- pied by Bulgarians. THE Temps accuses the British Royal Niger Com- pany of having imported into the Niger region during the last four months 4000 tons of gin. A HECEAT day's fog cost London E24,000 for gas alone. This was exclusive of the cost of electricity and oil, and the loss to tradespeople by the stoppage of traffic. A KANSAS genius has introduced a bill in the Legislature against snoring in sleeping cars, hotels, churches, and other places where the practice is more or less annoying. THE Guardian states that the Archbishop of Canterbury hopes to arrive in Canterbury on April 1, and make a three weeks' stay in the city. He appears to have quite recovered his wonted vigorous health. ACCORDING to an eminent physician, in going up- stairs one has to exert eight times the strength that is required to traverse the same distance on the level. MAJOR E. RHODES, D.S.O. Royal Berkshire Regi- ment, who since January, 1895, has held the post of Assistant Inspector of Signalling at the School of Army Signalling, Aldershot, has been granted two years ex- tension of his tenure of that appointment. CAPTAIN THE HON. H. YARDE-BULLER, Rifle Brigade, who recently resigned his appointment as extra aide-de-camp to the Duke of Connaught at .Aldershot, is among the officers who are under orders to join the Staff College for the two years' course of study. DESPITE official reports to the contrary, it appears that Masupha, the rebel Basuto chief, has not sur- rendered, but his coming in is looked upon as merely a question of time. AN explosion has occurred in a coal mine at Resicza in Hungary, by which eight men are known to have lost their lives. Several injured men have been brought to the surface. The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty have been pleased to award the good service pension of S150 a year, vacant in consequence of the retirement of Capt. John C. Burnell, R.N., to Capt. John R. E. Pattison, R.N. 'THE man Marcellino Bispo, who attempted to assassinate the Brazilian President Moraes, and fatally stabbed the Minister of War, who intervened to protect the President, has committed suicide in prison. A BIG drop-hammer has recently been brought into use at an engineering establishment in Connec- ticut, U.S.A. The head weighs 30001b. the base 90,0001b. The structure stands 23ft. high, and the hammer has a fall of 76in. DESIGNS for a Town Hall for Taunton are invited by the Taunton Market Trustees, premiums of £100, £50, and JE30 being offered, respectively, for thoire £ laced first, second, and third. Mr. Edward W. [ountford, F.R.I.B.A., has been appointed profes- sional assessor. MANCHESTER CITY COUNCIL has applied to the Local Government Board for its sanction to a pcheme for the erection by the Corporation of 22 dwelling-houses at Miles Platting. It is estimated that the cost of the houses and land will not exceed £4000. THE gift of a guildhall to Winsford, Cheshire, has been promised by Sir John Brunner, M.P. The building will be for the use of the various friendly societies in the neighbourhood. The plot on which it will stand adjoins the technical schools. THE torpedo-boat destroyer Otter, built by the Naval Construction Company, Barrow, for the British Government, made her final Clyde trial, and attained a speed of 32 knots. This is the fastest trial yet made on the Clyde. A BOY, to enter the Royal Navy, must be between 15 years and three months and 16 years and nine months old. It is impossible for him to rise to commissioned rank, as is sometimes possible in the army. THE monthly consumption of snails in Paris is estimated by the million, and there are 100 restau- rants, and at least 3000 private tables, where they are accepted as a delicacy bA their epicurean consumers. AN engineer points out the diversity existing in four well-known "pocket-books" as to the melting point of aluminium. The temperatures appear as 1530deg., 705deg., about 700deg., ahd 625deg., all 4xuremed in the Centierade scale.
LITERARY EXTRACTS. -..--,-..-...",-
LITERARY EXTRACTS. Drake he was a Devon man, an' ruleffl the Devon seas, (Capten, art ths sleepin' there below ?) Bovin' tho' his death fell, he went wi' heart at ease. And dreamin' arl the time o' Plymouth Hoe. Take my drum to England, hang et by the sbore, Strike et when your powder's runnin' low; If the Dons sight Devon, I'll quit the port o' Heaven, An' drum them up the Channel as we drummed them long ago." Drake he's in his hammock an' a thousand milea away, (Capten, art tha sleepin' there below ?) Slung atween the round shot in N ombre Dios Bay, And dreamin' arl the time o' Plymouth Hoe. Yarnder lumes the Island, yarnder lie the ships, Wi' sailor lads a-damcin' heel-an'-toe, An' the shore-lights flashin', an' the night-tide dashin', He sees et arl so plainly as he saw et long ago." Drake lies in his hammock till the great Armadas I come, (Capten, art tha sleepin' there below ?) Slung atween the round shot, listenin' for the drum And dreamin' arl the time o' Plymouth Hoe. Call him on the deep sea, call him up the Sound, Call him when ye sail to meet the foe Where the old trade's plyin' an' the old flag flyin', They shall find him ware an' wakin', as they found him long ago." -From" Admirals All" by Henry Newbolt. THE GRANDEUR OF THE HIMALAYAS.—1« camp at Bight the moon shone over the mountains, and I gazed on the vast grandeur of the Himalayas. I have seen, and felt too, the smallness of all one's interests, pleasures, and above all, oneself, as night draws near, Seated round the camp fire in the great pine forests Of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia; have felt a void in one's own soul in contemplating the monotonous Erairie of North America and plains of Africa but I now no spot where surroundings, though silent, are so awe-inspiring as these mountain ranges, torn bv the weather into a thousand fantastic designs Of every colour, of every shape—some a suc- cession of spiral towers, windowed with snow; others vast and solid, rude in their colossal stolidity, arrogant in their remorseless stare and unquestioned individuality, unless where Crowned by masses of snow, giving an air of lightness and life to their structure. It is impossible for me to describe these scenes. Dante's "Inferno" describes some, not all.—Letter by the late Roddy Owen. FOES, AND YET FRIENDS.—One of the tenderest tributes paid to the character of Senor Canovas, the murdered Prime Minister of Spain, was paid by Senor Emilio Castelar, his life-long friend, and also his lifelong political opponent. Littell's Living Age prints a translation of Castelar's article. Our per- Stual differences of opinion," he writes, "drew us e more closely together. The continual disputing and arguing, without ever coming to a quarrel, was a delight." There was, it seems, a period of five years when the two statesmen did not speak to each other. It was the work of our partisans, not of our hearts. There were those who were more Canovislas than Canovas. and more Castelaristas' than Castelar." No words could be stronger than those used by the great Republican leader of Spain in praise of the ability, the honour, the sincerity, the moral upright- ness, and the unflinching political courage of the Conservative leader, his constant and successful anta- gonist. It is too often the case that the hard blows of politics estrange friends that a difference of views leads men to suspect the mental honesty of their op- ponents that politicans fear lest their own sincerity may be doubted if they remain friends with the enemy. The evidence that Canovas and Castelar were above such pettiness of mind as that makes us wish that one trait of Spanish statesmen were also American. COLLINGWOOD AT TRAFALGAR. — Of Collingwood, Thackeray says, I think, since Heaven made gentlemen, it never made a better one than Cuthbert Collingwood," and there was, no doubt, d knightly and chivalrous side to Collingwood woithy of King Arthur's Round Table. But there was also a side of heavy-footed common sense, of Dutch-like frugality, in Collingwood, a sort of wooden-headed unimagina- tiveness which looks humorous when set against the background of such a planet-shaking fight as Trafalgar. Thus on the morning of the fight he advissd one of his lieutenants, who wore a pair of boots, to follow his example and put on stockings and shoes, as, in the event of being shot in the leg. it would, he explained, "be so much more nianageabl^for the surgeon." And as he walked the break of his poop in tights, silk stockings, and buckled shoes, leading, in his single ship, an attack on a fleet, he calmly munched an tipple. To be able to munch an apple when beginning Trafalgar is an illustration of what may be called the quality of wooden-headed unimaginativeness in Collingwood. And yet Collingwood had a sense of the scale of the drama in which he was taking part. Now, gentle- men," he said to his officers, let us do something to- day which the world may talk of hereafter." Colling- wood, in reality, was a great man and a great sea- man. and in the battle which followed hii fought like an angel," to quote the amusingly inappropriate metaphor of Blackwood. The two majestic British columns moved slowly on, the great ships, with ports hauled up and guns run out, following each other like a procession of giants. I suppose," says Codrington, who commanded the Orion, "no man ever before saw such a sight." And the element of humour was added to the scene by the spectacle of the tiny Pickle, a duodecimo schooner, gravely hang- ing on to the quarter of an 80-gun ship—as an actor in the fight describes it—" with the board-nettings up, and her tompions out of her four guns—about as large and as formidable as two pairs of Wellington boots."—Deeds that Won the Empire. RUSSIAN HORSES,—The land where animals are raised in large numbers is not always the land where they are best loved. Russia, however, which is, says Mr. W. Durban in the Contemporary Ho view, the greatest horse-breeding country in the world, is the country where the horse is both loved and appreci- ated. I never in all my wanderings," Bays Mr. Durban, saw a pony or steed of any sort that seemed to be in a bad condition through ill-usage. The droshky drivers of Moscow put our London cabmen to shame in this respect. They may abuse each other vociferously, they may cheat you roundly, but they never abuse their horses." The supply of fine horses makes it a constant luxury to travel in Russia. The population is chiefly de- pendent upon the tarantass, or rough, partly hooded van, the telega, or country cart, the little droshky, and the capital troika, or three-horse carriage. Nothing delights a driver so much as dashing along at headlong speed, with three spirited horses har- nessed to a troika. With the whips cracking, the bells ringing, the driver singing at the top of his voice, The two outer horses flying off at an angle as wide as possible, the troika in full speed is a splendid sight. In Siberia the driving is to furious, the mountain roads Iveing as rough as they are steep, that the traveller is constantly amazed at his immunity from accident. A stranger experiences mixed feelings of wonder and alarm as the rough vehicle, chiefly made of pine and birch poles put together in the crudest manner, is positively hurled into the air and down again during the descent into a valley that is approached by a corduroy road. The drivers keep their horses scrupulously clean, however they themselves may revel in dirt. It is curious to enter a miserable little shabby droshky, and note that the horse which draws it is a really beautiful animal, plump, sleek. and evidently petted. There must assuredly be a good side to Russian character, or the people would not be eo fond as they are of their horses and their children. The two loves are ingrained into th«very heart of the nation. "WATER-DRINKINC.—When it is considered that the body is made up very largely of water it can readily be understood how important to health is a constant supply of this fluid. Many people have a notion that the drinking of water in any amount beyond that actually necessary to quench thirst is injurious, and acting on this belief they endeavour to drink as little as possible. The notion, however, is wide of the truth. Drinking freely of pure water is a most efficacious means not only of preserv- ing health, but often of restoring it when failing. All the tissues of the body need water, and water in abundance is necessary also for the proper perform- ance of every vital function. Cleanliness of the tissues within the body is as necessarytQ health and comfort as cleanliness of the skin, and water tends to insure the one as truly as it does the other. It dia- solves the waste material, which would otherwise collect in the body, and removes it in the various ex- cretions. These waste materials are often, actual poisons, and many a headache, many rheumatic pains and aches, many sleepness nights and listless days, and many attacks of the blues" are due solely to the circulation in the blood or deposit in the tissues of these waste materials which cannot be got rid of because of an insufficient supply of water. Water is accused of making fat, and people with a tendency to corpulence avoid it for that leason. But this is not strictly true. It does undoubtedly often increase the weight, but it does so because it improves the digestion, and there- fore more of the food eaten is utilised and turned into fat and flesh. But expessiye fat, what we call corpulence, ia not' a sign of health, but of faulty digestion and assimilation, and systematic watw- drinking is often,' employed a ui&Bns «f reducing 1 the superfluous "fat—w ji'chit sometimes' does with J «*»isWg rkpidlr^—ift«<h'H'CompwioivJ M 4 His FRIEND—THE PRESIDENT.—It is to the credit of the President of the French Republic that, though he is now, for official reasons, cultivating the society of Emperors, he does not forget that the greater part of his life has been spent at one of the bons bourgeois or commercial commoners of a provincial town. He is said to be quite as glad to see his humble friends of other days from Havre, at the Palace of the Elysee, as he is to see Princes and potentates—perhaps much more glad. A Parisian journal tells an amusing and probably true story of the visit of one of these old friends to the presi- dential residence. In the Court of Honour of the Palace of the Elysee, one day lately, a cab, driven at a rapid rate, drew up before the grand portal. A stout countryman, blustering and wiping his forehead, bustled out of the cab and rushed to the door with such precipitation that neither sentries, police, ushers, nor doorkeepers, who swarmed in alarm from all directions, could stop him. But he had not got far before an excited crowd surrounded him. The general alarm was not allayed by the jolly and quite evidently harmless aspect of the visitor. During all the turmoil he was exclaiming rapidly: "Where's Felix? Is Felix in? Hello, there's somebody! Tell Felix——" You mean his Excellency, the President of the Republic Well, it's all one," the stout countryman went on. I can't stop to see him anyway — I must get the half-past one train back to Havre in order to be there in time for dinner, and I haven't time to go in. Here, you!" He hit upon the most gorgeous functionary that he could see, and called out: Tell Felix that Leon was here-Leon B.—but he hadn't time to stop; just give him my love; I know well enough that if Felix knew I came to Paris and didn't come to see him he'd feel bad. Just say bon jour to him for me. Good-bye!" And the stout gentleman climbed into his cab, and went off at a gallop to get the half-past one train. His message was duly presented to President Faure, who laughed heartily at the incident. Leon" was no impostor, but an old acquaintance, in the cloth business, at Havre. A FAMOUS AMATEUR PHOTOGRAPHER.—Mrs. Julia Margaret Cameron, famous for her wonderful skill in photography—she seemed to catch the character, as well as the lineaments of her sitters—was a neigh- bour and friend of Tennyson, in the Isle of Wight, and naturally pressed him into her service as a model more than once. Several of the photographs which she took of him were unusually good, and one, which at first sight of it he nicknamed the Dirby Monk," he came afterward to prefer to any other ever taken of him. Mrs. Cameron, a recent article in the Century relates, was a very impulsive lady, and had the knack of doing audacious things in so charming a way that they were never resented. Tennyson, as is well known, was often reluctant to receive visitors and one day some American friends of hers who had been over to Farringford in the hope of seeing him, returned crestfallen, with a tale of disappointment. Oh, he won't see you ?" cried the lady, hastily tossing on a thawl, "come with me!" So saying she marched them straightway back again to the poet's house, and into it, and into the dining-room, where he was seated in company with his wife. "Alfrcd," she said, as the pair looked up in astonishment at the intrusion, these strangers came from a far country to see the lion of Freshwater; and"—she moved her hand toward him dramatically—" behold—a bear He burst out laughing at this direct attack, became amiable at once, and the Americans enjoyed a charming call. Besides photographing celebrities, Mrs. Cameron often arranged groups before her camera, illustrative of poems, plays, or historical episodes. But in doing so, she was never content with merely handsome or picturesque models; they must be types really suited to the characters for which they posed. Such types were often difficult to find, and Mrs. Cameron has been known, when her eye fell upon an entire stranger whose personal beauty or powerfully expressive countenance would serve to complete a group, to walk up to the amazed person on the street, and say simply I am Mrs. Cameron—perhaps you have heard of me. You would oblige me very much if you would let me photograph you. Will you ?" Her unmistakable air of high breeding, and the gentleness which softened the abrupt request, usually procured a pleased com- pliance. Once she wished to photograph a scene from her friend Tennyson's Idylls of the King "—the final parting between King Arthur and Guinevere. The village letter-carrier was a man of truly royal stateliness of person and nobility of counte- nance, and he readily consented to pose as the king. But among all the handsome women she knew, she could not find one of the right type of beauty for the repentant and prostrate queen. She began to despair; when in the nick of time a young lady of extraordinary loveliness came to visit in the town. Mrs. Cameron met her, and within an hour had borne her off to the studio. The girl was I as good-natured as she was beautiful, and patiently tried and tried again in different positions to please I her new acquaintance. A few days later she ex- claimed to a friend who called, Oh, I am so tired The friend murmured sympathy, and supposed she had taken too long a walk in the heat of that morn- ing. Oh, no 1" sighed the exhausted beauty, wearily, I have not been for a walk. I have been lying on the floor for the last two hours, clutching the post- man's ankle 1" IT is a fine thing for this country that among the honest poor the fear of the workhouse is worse than the fear of death; and we have reason to be glad of what the Bumbles of this world would call the foolish and intolerable pride of the poor. It is an awful thing to eat the bitter bread of charity.—Morning Post. A BATTLE WITH WOLVES.—Last autumn a German settler in the wilderness not far from the headwaters of the Mississippi River, Otto Gewehrsen by name, came into the land office at Grand Rapids, Minne- sota, to prove up" his claim. He also brought wit h him three wolf-scalps, and demanded the bounty on them. "Did you kill these?" he was aiked. "No," said the German, "my voman kill him mit an axe." He showed the place in the skins where they had been lacerated by many blows with a sharp imple- ment, and told how the skins came to his hand. Gewehrsen had a wife and children, and also a flock of sheep. Wolves had formerly troubled him a good deal, for his claim is in a wild part of Itasca County. In September last he left his eldest boy, 12 years old, accompanied'by an old sheep dog, to guard the sheep in a piece of grassy woodland near the house. The boy was armed with an old gun loaded with buckshot. The father, in going away from home on a necessary errand, apprehended no trouble, for tho wolves had not been seen all summer, and he imagined they had at last left the neighbourhood. The boy seems to have had no fear of trouble either, for while the sheep were quietly grazing, he wandered away from them a little distance, looking for something to shoot. The dog stayed with the sheep. Before long the bpy heard a great commotion, and fierce yelping in the direction of the glade where the sheep were left. and presently saw the sheep come running in terror through the woods toward him. He hurried on toward the place from which the noise came, and there found the old dog in a deadly 8truggle with three full-grown wolves. A fourth wolf was engaged in tearing the body of a sheep he had killed. The boy fired at the wolf which was tearing the sheep, and it ran limping away. However, the shot, and the cries of the wound8d wolf, brought the three other wolves upon him they left the half-dead dog, and flew at the boy. The youngster, having no other charge in his gun, climbed a tree witli agility and presence of mind. There he began to yell for help. The house was within no great distance, and the boy's mother heard the shouts. There were other sounds which spoke to her of wild animals; and seizing an axe, she ran as fast as she could to the place. She reached the tree. Whether or not the boy was safe in it did not appear to have entered her thoughts. She saw simply that he was threatened by the wild beasts, and without any deliberation she attacked them. They turned upon her and fought hard. But a woman struggling in defence of her children is no mean antagonist under any circumstances, and this woman had a formidable weapon in a sharp axe. Her greatest danger was that the wolves were three in number, and attacked her from all sides. She was too quick for them, however, and in a few moments she had laid them all out on the ground, dead. Then j she helped the boy down out of the tree, and got him into a place of undoubted safety. Then, like the thrifty German woman that she was, she proceeded to skin the wolves while they were warm and skin- nable, in order that there should be no doubt about I getting the bounty that the State pays for the destruc- tlon of such wild animals. AUSTRALIAN PLUCK.—Life on the frontiers of civili— sation is favourable to the development of patient endurance of what cannot be helped, and that is about what is meant by the good old word pluck. A good example of this quality is cited by the author of A Colonial Tramp." All Australian boys are taught the necessity of guarding against snake bites, and the method of treating them. Two little fellows, six and eight years old, had gone into the bush to play. The smaller one, chasing a rabbit into a hole, pushed in his hand and brought it back quickly, with the head of a most venomous snake attached to one of the fingers. Quick, Charley!" he cried, putting down his hand oh a ■tump. Chop off my finger, the snake has bitten it." Charley, without hesitation, lifted his axe and chopped off not only the damaged finger but two others as well. Then the boys ran into town, over a mile distant, to a chemist, who plunged the bleeding stumps into, the strongest ammonia and afterwards [ dresse the'hand. Think of that, my staunch young fell&w, and then try tljq effect of amnionia on a little j f acretefc. •••< :• iJ-fc. J ¡
GREATER, BRITAIN.
GREATER, BRITAIN. IN an article on the plague is India, in the Bombay Gazette, it is stated that Mr. Snow, in an admirably frank and luminous report, shows that every kind of measure known to science was tried in Bombay at one time or another, and modified under the teach- ing of experience. He also shows how every measure of sanitation encountered a degree of resistance and aroused a more active hatred and distrust than the plague itself. Street tumults were frequent; the hospital was twice attacked by riotous mobs crowds constantly collected round the ambulance vans, which were stoned and damaged, and the officers of the Health Department were often in danger of their lives. It was evident that the migration of infected rats was carrying the disease all over the town but "all attempts to capture the rats were fiercely opposed, and picking up a few sick pigeons almost produced a riot." The real sources of danger were disregarded while attention was directed by self- confident ignorance to imaginary perils. The people would not believe that the hopeless condition of their own dark, damp, filthy overcrowded houses was their real danger; they raved about the sewers and became frenzied if a scavenger was remiss but, though experience over and over again illustrated, and Mr. Hankin's experiments proved, the vital im- portance of cleanliness, light, and free ventilation, every form of obstruction was resorted to when the municipality attempted to deal with their dwellings. The tenants refused to do anything, maintaining it was the duty of the landlords. The landlords were not to be found, and when the municipal authorities were put on to do the necessary Work, they had often to carry it out in the face of hostile and sometimes violent crowds, and almost invariably in the teeth of sullen, if passive, opposition. The municipal files bear witness to the hopeless inability of the people to appreciate the value of sanitation, and throughout the executive was subjected to a perfect storm of threats, abuse, and protests from persons who deemed themselves aggrieved by the measures adopted to protect them." It was a common ex- pression at the time, Why not let us die of the plague, instead of interfering with our customs ?" The population seemed instinctively to hold with Mr. Auberon Herbert that infectious disease, even in its worst form, is a safeguard to the general health," and that if the germ of it were stamped out, the physical health of the race would be lowered, not raised." If that were really their view, the great majority, and with them a considerable number of their natural leaders, and their self-constituted guides, had the courage of their convictions. They resisted every effort to deliver them from the pest. They had nothing but execration and brickbats for those who dared to lay hands on even a rat under the benignant influence of the plague, sent by a kindly goddess for the eventual welfare of the city. Who shall say that they were not in the main right ? Minerva, Pro- trectress of the City of the Violet Crown, was the Untender-hearted." Had the plague been stamped out" in a few weeks before the necessary lesson had been learned in the bitter school of ex- perience, there would be little chance of a bill being introduced into the Legislative Council this month to provide machinery to clear away the slums and re-house the working population in sanitary build- ings, open up the native town to the health-giving sea-breezes, and lowering the fetid sub-soil water that has been poisoning the inhabitants for years past. MR. SNOW adduced the absolute immunity of the 300 lepers in the asylum at Matunga, when plague was raging within 100 yards of the premises, as evi- dence of the efficacy of free ventilation and sunlight. The lepers inhabited wide, airy, detached premises, to which fact the Commissioner not unreasonably attributes their immunity from the prevailing epi- demic. He adds that this view is in accordance with the results obtained from experience at the time as to the efficacy of the various measures adopted to combat the plague. While attaching due weight to this view, it may, without presumption, be ques- tioned whether it would be absolutely absurd to assume that leprosy gives immunity from plague. Another contagious disease is generally considered by medical men to confer such immunity, and why not leprosy ? The point might easily be decided by ex- periment, not necessarily on leprous patients, but on the microbe in the laboratory. Among the acquired results of the visitation is the discovery that the bacillus of plague is perhaps the most delicate and fastidious of all the vegetable parasites that affect —for their ultimate good—men and certain of the lower animals. No one now writes distraught letters to the papers, subscribed" Grand Road, Sewered," for it has become a matter of common knowledge that the plague bacillus would no more live in a sewer than asparagus or parsnip. The theory that plague is a filth disease has gone by the board. As confidence is a plant of slow growth in aged bosoms, so is plague of very slow growth indeed where its special pabulum does not exist. This does not exist in sewers or in filth generally. It is no more a filth disease than rabies or gout. The Black Death, the most formidable invasion of plague ever recorded, made its first appearance in the King's Palace and found its first victim in a Royal Princess. It is no respecter of persons. On the other hand, the plague in coming to Bombay brought with it its own anti- dote. IT may not be generally known that the Indian Army is recruited entirely from among the native races in India. It consists of Sikhs, Gurkhas, Mahrattas, Rajputs, Punjabi, Mussulmans, Dogras, Jats, Bhils, and Pathans. These men are raised by special recruiting agencies, grouped district by district, each district being in charge of a special officer. These officers are assisted by recruiting parties of Sepoys, who bring the candidates before the officers to be medically examined, and to have their physical qualifications tested. They must be between 16 and 25 years of age, and their height must not be less than 5ft. 6in. As a rule, the number of would-be recruits is much in excess of the number of vacancies available. On retirement from the sorvice most of the men, being peasant pro- prietors, return to their homes, and the remainder accept various berths in the Civil Service. MR. C. P. COOK has been looking through his atlas for a suitable place for our unemployed men and women that are of no use in this country, and he found that there is a place called Vancouver's Island. It is one of the states of Canada, but by far the mildest; in fact, the climate is far superior to that of England. He proposes that several pioneers should be sent into this Colony to purchase suitable land. Splendid soil can be bought for one dollar an acre. To secure the capital he suggests the establishment of a Labour Union Bank, and, with the aid of this insti- tution, he thinks that a co-operative colony could be formed of such a character that not only could work be found for all the unemployed, but it would also lead to a great increase of work in nearly all branches of trade in this country. THE Hon. John Douglas, Government Resident at Thursday Island for many years, was very emphatic in his evidence. I place the Japanese question in the foreground of present problems. A radical cure of some kind is necessary if the pearl-shell industry is to be preserved for our own people." What may eventuate in a serious international difficulty is now in process of evolution in North-Eastern Australia. SIR CHARLES GVAN DVFFY, whose autobiography, My Life in Two Hemispheres," is just out in two portly volumes, has (observes the Echo) dwelt for the past 17 years at Nice, which may be called the literary period of his life. He had two previous periods—that of Irish agitator, from 1836 to 1856, and that of Constitutional statesman in the colony of Victoria, from 1857 until 1880, in which latter year he retired from the Speaker's chair. Half a century ago nobody would have predicted that Sir Charles Gavan Duffy would live to see the closing years of the century. He did not think he would himself, but he is now a hale and hearty veteran of 82, with every prospect of per- sonally welcoming the advent of the 20th cen- tury. In Ireland he was afflicted with asthma, and his voice Was normally gp weak that it resembled a high-pitched wail, which became something akin to a scream when he gr&w excited. Duffy is now the sole survivor of the State prisoners of 1843. when he was incarcerated along with Daniel O'Connell in Richmond Gaol, Dublin. He was one of the leaders of the ill-starred insurrection of 1848, but managed to escape conviction when his colleagues in the revolutionary, enterprise ■ were sentenced to various terms of transportation. But he was confined in Dublin prisons for a year as a sus pect and on remand. He was placed on trial three times, and on each occasion the jury, although specially chosen by the Castle authorities, failed to convict. It was on one of these occasions that Lady ,Wilde stood up in the gallery of the court and declared herself the writer of the leading article in the Nation for which Duffy, as editor, was standing in the doefe. Duffy's career in Australia was as placid and successful as his Irish experiences were stormy and financially disastrous. Immediately on landing in Melbourne he was presented by his admirers with an estate of the- value of £5000 in a suburb of that citv. He was also promptly sleeted to Parliament, became a member of the Government, qualified for a political pension ot £1000 a year, which he has been enjoying for nearly 10 years, Succeeded to the Premiership of Victoria, ind finally mounted to the Speaker's chair..His sldest son, the Hon. John Gavan Duffy, is now Post- master-General inthe Victorian Government. Another Jon is a leader of the local Bar, and a third is a high Parliamentary official. During his residence at Nice 3ir Charles Gavan Duffy has written and published a iOZln works of the reminiscent order, in addition to >ditmg the New Irish Library.
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HORRORS OF WAR.
HORRORS OF WAR. A THRILLING LETTER FROM TIIE INDIAN FRONTIER. The Echo has received from a Sergeant of the Oxford- shire Light Infantry (Peshawur column, Tirah Expe- ditionary Force) an interesting account of his experi- ences. The letter is addressed to the sergeant's mother, and the words breathing filial affection are deleted, for the letter is a private one, and only ad- dressed to My dearest mother." Here are some of the sentences, just as they are written: I think I was at Nahaki when I wrote last. Well, since then; I haye been on the go eyer We finished the Molunand Expedition, and arrived in Peshawur on the Sth Oct., and were then warned to form part of the Tirah Expedition. We started out of Peshawur again the 21st October for a place called Bara (I daresay you have heard of it). We stayed there in an entrenched camp for four weeks, marching out every day—sometimes road-making, other times foraging. This was safe enough till we used to start back to camp, and then the enemy would appear on the hill- tops and start firing. Of course, someone had to be hit—one day perhaps a couple of Garkhas, another day two or three Lancers or Sikhs. Altogether the loss of men has been 17 killed and about 43 wounded—that is up to date. Well, from Bara we moved, on the 20th November, to a place called Ilamgudr, stayed there three weeks, doing just the same work, and then on the 7th December started on our march to meet Lockhart. THE FIRST MARCH REVEILLE. Our first march was through the Gandas Pass to Swaikot. Reveille at three a.m., started at five a.m. Our regiment and the Gurkhas had to crown the heights all along each side of the pass, so as to allow all the baggage to pass safely through. I do not think you can imagine how long it takes for it all to pass. We have about 7500 animals with us. Well, to go on, at eight p.m. the baggage had got in the pass, but not through, so it had to anchor down for the night. All the way we were on top of the mountains, with no food and only our overcoats, and there we stayed till seven o'clock next morning, and then it started raining, so I cannot describe to you how I felt, but the baggage got through safely, but, two of the bag- gage guard (Inniskillings) were shot a few hundred yards before they got into camp. Then we marched on, arriving at 12.30 p.m., and had a good finish up. FORDING THE BARA. Besides the rain we had to ford the Bara four times in the last half-mile before we got in. The whole distance from Ilamgudr was only 10 miles, and yet took all that time. From here we marched every day till we met Lockhart at Barkai on the 14th, and the whole time we were being harassed by the enemy firing into camp every night, attacking it, and lighting rearguard actions. A PITIABLE SIGHT. 1 do not think I have ever seen a more pitiable sight than Lockhart's force when it marched in to meet us. The men had gone a week without a wash, had been fighting every day, and had to march across a country without roads and plenty of snow. The wounded, too, were a horrible sight. The enemy have got plenty of rifles as good as ours, and if a man is hit on a bone most likely he will have to have the limb amputated. When Lockhart got here he formed a different plan of campaign. Ours (Peshawer Column was to march through the Khyber (which is 33 miles long); the 1st Division was to co-operate in the Bazaar Valley, and his own division was to stay at Ilamgudr to recruit their health a bit. So after a few days we marched back to Ilamgudr on December 17, on the 18th to Jamrud, staying there till the 24th, and then marched up the Khyber as far as Au Musjid (about 10 miles), and on Xmas Day went to burn the village of Laia China, and had the officer in charge of the Maxim gun killed so, altogether, spent a rather bad Xmas. THE CHRISTMAS DINNER. Our dinner consisted of bully beef and biscuits same for breakfast. On Boxing Day we marched from Ali Musjid to Lundi Kotal, where I am now. If the tribes do not give in by to-morrow we start blowing up villages again, and then there will be another barney or two. We have had the most miser- able weather since we arrived here. Cold as January at home. and has rained all the time. P.S.—I do not know when we shall finish the job. We do not go back to Ferozapore, but to Dagshai; but it is rumoured that Dngshai is not to be garrisoned, owing to bad water, so I do not know where we shall go. I am sorry to inform you we have had a lot of men die from different things, and apparently healthy men. Our regiment started 817 strong and sent back 200 as unfit owing to ague. fever, &c., but we have had the draft from the 43rd to reinforce us, as the Royal Irish, Somersets, Devons and Rifles are invalided altogether, the Rifles losing 73 from dysentry.
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