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[COPYRIGHT.] Cfte g>f)eaf. THIRD SERIES. [Edited by W. FERGUSSON IRVINE and J. BROWNBILL.J Being Local Gleanings, Historicat and Antiquarian relating to Cheshire, Chester and North Wales, from many scattered fields. Oh, let me teach you how to knit again This scattered corn into one mutual Sheaf. Titus Andronicus, V, iii, 70, 71. NOTES. t6531 THE CHESTER HEARTH TAX, 1663-4. II. (Continued from No. 650.) The following summary, with extracts, of the Acts Passed concerning the Hearth tax will illustrate what has already been said concerning it. The tax was imposed by the Statute 14 Car. II. c.2 (1662), entitled An Act for establishing an additional revenue upon His Majesty his Heirs and Successors for the better support of his and their crown and dignitie." It enacts that" From and after 25 March 1662 every dwelling and other house and edifice and all lodging and chambers in the Inns of Court of Chancery, Colleges and other Societies that are or hereafter shall be erected &c. shall be chargeable and by this present Act be and are charged with the annual payment &c. for every Fire hearth and Stove within every such house &c. as aforesaid the sum of two shillings by the year to be paid yearly and every year at the Feast of St. Michael and the Feast of the Annunciation." Owners or occupiers on notice from Constables, Headboroughs, Tithingmen or other such Officers within whose precinct the said house &c. shall be are to deliver a true account in writing within six days of all hearths and stoves &c. to the said Con- stables &c. who must collect the monies and pay them over to the High Constable less 2d. in the E. The High Constable shall then hand the sum to the Sheriff deducting Id. in the 2, and the Sheriff return the same to the Exchequer, together with copies of the list of names, deducting 4d. in the B. A proviso is made that poor persons exempt from the usual taxes and contributions towards the church and poor should not be charged or charge- able with the new tax. A proviso is also made exempting occupiers of houses under 20s. per annum and not occupying land of 20s. per annum, a certificate being granted free of charge. Blowing Houses, Stamp Furnaces or Kilns or any private Oven within any of the houses hereby cnarged or any Hearth or Stove within the site of any Hospital or almshouse for the relief of poor people whose endowment and revenue doth not exceed in true value the sum of £ 100 per annum, are also exempt. The payments and duties are to be charged only on the occupier for the time being of such Hearth or Stove &c. and not on the landlord. In 1663 an additional Act was passed "For the better ordering and collecting &c. It recites that "the revenue has been much obstructed for want of true accounts from occupiers of houses," and proceeds to impose a penalty, for not render- ing a true account, of 40s. for every Hearth, Stove &c. so omitted. And the officers are empowered to enter houses in day time and upon view com- pare the accounts rendered and endorse and return the same to the High Constable." In 1664, another and final Act was passed "For Collecting the Duty arising by Hearth Money by Officers to be appointed by His Majesty." "By reason of defects in the former Acts (it states) and great negligence of the said officers and other persons in not returning exact number of Hearths &c. the said revenue is much diminished" and therefore a series of new regulations are ordained, to the effect that-The King shall appoint officers to collect the revenues, the former officers being discharged the new collectors are to give security and take oath; no fees are to be taken from any subject; a succeeding tenant is made liable for a breken half year stopping up, defacing, or con- cealing of Chimney Hearths &c. is punishable by enforcing payment to the amount of double the value of the ordinary duty and in default of pay- ment of tax, a "Sale of Goods of the Party so refusing or making default" is decreed. Persons letting houses to poor persons or parcelling out the same, to pay the duty, attempts having been made to evade the tax by dividing a house among several holders. All houses with more than two chimneys are liable, with exceptions as in the former Act. Lastly a proviso is inserted for persons formerly exempted or having paid, on producing certificate for exemption. The Hearth tax was abolished at the beginning of William and Mary's reign (1688-9), on special petition to the King, as it was grievous to the People." The preamble states that the Commons do find that the said [Hearth tax] revenue cannot be so regulated but that it will occasion many difficulties and questions and that it is in itself not only a great oppression to the poorer sort but a Daage of slavery upon the whole people, exposing every man s house to be entered into and searched at pleasure by persons unknown to him," and they therefore most humbly beseech your Majesty that the said revenue of Hearth money shall be wholly taken away and abolished," prophesying that by so ordaining 11 your Majesty will erect a lasting monument to your goodness in every house in the kingdom." The following lists complete the record of the householders with four hearths and more assessed in 1663-4 ST. MARTIN'S WARD. Sarah Bennett Wid: 9 Thomas Massev 4 William Roberts 5 Henry Pemberton 4 Sarah Lewis Wid: 4 Sir Peter Pinder Bart: 6 John Brock 6 William Crompton Mrs. Ann Johnson 6 (Alderman) 7 Francis Leech Gent: 15 Dr. John Wainwnght Elizabeth Whitley 8 (Chancellor) 13 William Lea 4 Ann Walker Wid: 4 Thomas Hand 4 Edward Eaton 4 George Brittaine 4 Mr. William Liptrott 6 The Lady Ellinor John Turneour 4 Kelmorrey 16 William Houghton 4 Mary Hardware 6 Mr. Robert Harwar 4 Elizabeth Ravenscroft 7 William Eaton 5 Elizabeth Ravenscroft 7 William Eaton 5 Samuel Elcock 6 Sir Thomas Brereton 13 Handle Minshull 8 Hannah Whittle Wid: 4 ST. MICHAEL'S WARD. Richard Wright 5 Alice Leonard Wid: 5 Benjamin Critchley. 4 Jonathan Whitbye 8 Thomas Throppe Henry Lloyd 6 (Alderman) 6 Nathaniel Cooke 4 Ellin Sproston Wid: 4 Robert Hewitt 4 Alice Mouldsworth William Hewitt 6 Alice Mouldsworth William Hewitt 6 Wid: 4 Thomas Spanne 9 Mathew Anderton 7 Alice Gartsyde Wid: 6 Thomas Aspenwall 4 1 George Lee 6 ST. BRIDGET'S WARD. Thomas Cowper (Al- I Thomas Fernihaughe 5 derman). 5 John Witter 7 Richard Harrison John Eaton 9 (Alderman) 5 Elizabeth Snead 5 WilliamStreet(Ald'n) 6 Francis Skelherne 4 Gerrard Jones 11 John Lancaster 4 William Warrington 5 John Mottershead 4 William Harvey 11 Mrs. Parnell Annyon 7 William Jones 5 Robert Hide 6 William Jones 5 Robert Hide 6 John Williams 4 Hannah Elcock 5 Roger Thom ? 5 Dr. Allan Pennington 6 ST. GILES' WARD. Thomas Johnson 51 Thomas Broster 4 Mary Brown Wid: 7 William Wilson 0 Handle Oulton (Ald'n) 5 Randle Wilson 6 Richard Broster (Al- John Oulton 4 derman) 6 Old Robert Werden 25 Sarah Anderton 6 Richard Annion 8 Rebecca Bruen Wid: 4 William Williamson.. 5 Alexander Bird. 7 John Maddock 4 Richard Bennett 4 Mr. Robert Venables 13 ST. OSWALD'S WARD. Edward Kinsey 8 Daniel Crosse 7 Raph Burroughes 9 Thomas Stringer 4 EllinorPhillippsWid: 12 John Wright 4 John Ireland 4 Alice Bicker ton Wid: 7 John Ireland. 4 Alice Bickerton Wid: 7 Rand'e Bennett (Al- Richard Davies 4 derman) 5 Thomas Throppe 4 John Hulton 5 Thomas King 5 r, omas Higginson 9 Thomas Halliwell 5 5arWey 6 Richard Mercer 4 Ts..? „ arkley, junr.. 4 George Lord Bishop A«aacSw,ft J .5 of Chester 16 a johnOHMM *rt -Bennett 7 TRU T ST. OLIVE'S WARD. i[ £ hn Johnson 4 William Slater 5 ■^argaret Whiclistead 4 Ann Lea Wid: 4 :J^hce Eaton 5 Edward Gregg 4 Mary Whittle 5 George Bullceley 4 J-nomas Welshman Ann Davies Wid: 4 junr 5 Mrs. Mary Golborne. 0 r^ady Mary CaiveVy 16 Richard Wilkinson. 4 Margaret button 4 Jonathan Gouldson. 7 nomas Ach ? 10 Edward Ash ton 4 °Id Nicholas Steven- John Brerewood 6 son ,6 John Ridge 7 Richard Eccleston' 7 Hugh Harvey 5 Gilbert Gerrard 6 Thomas Mamwarmg 4 Randle Holme senr. 0 Richard Bridge 5 William Widdens 4 Robert Grey 6 William Widdens 4 Robert Grey 6 Randle Holme junr. 6 Robert Morrey 9 Alice Birkenhead 5 Thomas Leiuesley 5 Sir Richard Grosvenor Thomas Brown Gent. 11 Bart 10 John Phillipps 4 ST. THOMAS' WARD. Richard King 5 ¡ Samuel Bonnill. 4 Thomas Watt 5 Thomas Critchley 4 Joseph Glover 6 GILBERT P. GAMOX. L654] CHESHIRE DOMESDAY NOTES. III. (See No. 647.) The Five-hide Unit.—Mr. Round has pointed out the importance of groups of five hides. The earliest Mercian charter in Birch's Cartularium" (No. "2) is a grant by King Wolfhere of five hides to his kinsman Berhferthe (dated 624 for 674 ?); and in Pre-Norman times it was held that a "ceorl" who acquired lands assessed at five hides thereby ranked a "thane." In Cheshire in 1086 manors of five hides or multiples of this unit were not common Broxton and three or four others in the same hundred and Halton (10 hides) being all. But there are other cases in which, by putting several adjacent manors together we can obtain such groups, and when in addition it is found that these areas form a .parochial unit also we have an indication from two significant facts—the five-hide and the parochial grouping—of the antiquity of the arrange- ment. A simple case is that of Waverton parish. In Domesday it has two manors— Waverton (11a) 3 r Hatton ("Etone," 11a) 2 J 0 The parish of Audlem has— Audlem (6a) 2 Wilkesley (7b) l|J In Wirral the large parish of Neston is much divided:— Gt. Neston (2'parts, 2b, 8a) 2 Little Neston (5b) 1 Hargrave (5b) 1 Leighton (5b) 1 Raby (2 parts, 2b, 8a) 1 Willaston ("Edelaue," 3b) 1 Ledsham (6b) 1 Thornton Hough (5b) .110 hides. Raby (2 parts,2b, 8a) 1 Willaston ("Edelaue," 3b) 1 Ledsham (6b) 1 Ness (6b) lij The chapelry of Witton in Great Budworth is worthy of particular attention. It has- Witton (10b) 14") Lache Dennis (8b) j Winnington (2 parts, lOb, »- 5 hides. 11a) 1 I Hartford (10a) 2 J Though this group satisfies the two conditions above laid down its manors were in two different hundreds in 1086 as to-day, and Great Budworth itself is in yet another hundred. The conclusion is inevitable that the hundreds as defined by Domesday Book were not the original divisions of the county, and indeed were not so ancient as the assessment in hides therein recorded. (To be continued.) REPLIES. [635] THE SAUGHALL ROAD. (See No. 635.) In continuation of my former note concerning this road, may I be allowed to give the following extract from a letter by Mr. Williams (then head- master of Saughall School) to the Courant" (May 23rd, 1889)? He writes:- "A walk along King's Wood-lane leads into Fiddlers'-lane, and anyone walking towards Saughall will see on the right-hand side of the road small patches of what was once a continuous stone pavement reaching from here (i.e. Fiddlers'-lane) certainly to Wood bank-lane, a distance of two miles. It is only three or four years ago since the last of this pavement between the Lodge (Shotwick) Farm and the lane last mentioned (Woodbank-lane) was broken up. How much further the stones were continued cannot be told now, but the old road certainly crossed Woodbank-lane, as traces of it can be discerned passing the farm of Mr. Griffiths, where it turned to the left and descended into a deep ravine where it may be safely asserted was The Ford' within 300 yards of Shotwick Church." Although Mr. Williams and I were very friendly the research he made on this subject was entirely unknown to me until I saw his letter in the "Courant," therefore it may be depended upon as the opinion of a most worthy, truthful, and trusty man, and should be of weight in judging "the pros and cons." in this matter. W. H. BRADFORD. [656] BEACH FLATTS AND PEARL WALL FOUL LAKES. (See No. 648.) These names are all to be found in the Tithe Map of St. Oswald's Township. 1. Numbers 68 and 69 are respectively called "Near Bache Dale Flatt," and "Far Bache Dale Flatt." They form together a triangle bounded by the upper half of the section of the Bache brook between Liverpool and Parkgate Roads, the Liver- pool Road from Bache brook to the entrance of Abbot's Park, and a line drawn from there to the brook behind Downswood. They thus include, roughly, the Pinetum of Bache Hall, and the large field between Downswood and the Liverpool Road. 2. Number 67 is called Pearl Wall Hay," and adjoins "Near Bache Dale Flatt" on its west side. 3. Numbers 62, 63, and 64 are respectively called Middle Fowl lake," "Furburs Fowl lakes," and "Little Fowl lake." They include the land between Liverpool and Parkgate Roads on which Latham House and Wilkinson Villa stand, with the fields below them, and also the Liverpool Road Station Coal Offices, the Tennis Ground, and the portion of the Railway between the west end of the platform and Parkgate Road. E. C. L.

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