The Brecon County Times Neath Gazette and General Advertiser for the Counties of Brecon Carmarthen Radnor Monmouth Glamorgan Cardigan Montgomery Hereford

RHEUMATISM—KIDNET TROUBLE. Rheumatism is due to uric acid crystals in the joints and muscles, the reeolt of excessive aric acid in the system that the kidneys failed to remove as natore intended, to which every qualified physician agrees, and this acid is also the calise of backache, lumbago, sciatica, goat, arinary trouble, storg, gravel, and dropsy. The success of Estora Tablets, for the treatment of rheumatism and other forms of kidney trouble, is doe to the fact that they restore the kidneys to healthy action and thereby remove the cause of the trouble, which necessarriy removes the ill-effects that spring from it, and have cared nomberless cases after the failure of other remedies, which 80coonts for them fast snperseding oat- of-date medicines that are sold at a price beyond all bat the wealthy. All chemists, 1/3 per boxfiof 40 tablets, or postage free, from Estora Co., 132, Charing Cross Road, London, W.C. Brecon Agent.—WALTER OWILLIM, M.P.S., Medical Hall. j Bailth Wells Agent.—T. A. COLTMAN, M.P.S., The Pbarmaojf

1 THE PARIS CONFERENCE. [MMEDIATE ACTION NECESSARY. The long-anticipated and freqaently-post- pout-d Economic Coufartnoe of the Allies has at liltlt been held, aod it now rests with tbe I various Governments concerned, and especi- ally our own, to traiualato into immbdiate action the admirable resolutions nnanimouely passed by their representatives. These reao- lutions cover not only tbe war period and the transition period immediately. following the war, bat they provide the basis of a per- manent economic policy to be pursued jointly by the Allies. They show how tbe channels of commerce which formerly flowed to Germany may be diverted to the Allied Countries, and how the great reeoarces of these countries in raw materials may be developed and controlled. When we re- member," said Mr Hugbes in a statement to the French press, -1 that these resolutions, if ratified by tbe Governaients of the Allied Powers, will materially effeoi, if not funda- mentally change, tbe trade relations and economic arrangements of nearly 600 millions of tbe world's inhabitants, we realise what mighty interests are involved. Bat we mast not forgef that in themselves the reso- lutions are nothing, that the functions of the confereuoe were to recommend what needs to be done, not to do it. We most prove to the Central Powers and to the world that we are in earnest. We must set to work. Action must be our watchword. And not to act promptly is, so far as resalts go, as fatal as not to act at all." PREPARING FOR THE ECONOMIC WAR. The resolutions oi the conference are founded upon the clearly-established fact that the Empires of Central Europe are to-day preparing, in concert with their Allies, for a contest on tbe economic plane, which would not only survive the re-establishment of peace, but will at that moment attain its fall ecope and intensity." To be forewarned is to be forearmed, and the representatives of the Allied Powers have shown that they are not only keenly alive to present and future dangers, but are able to devise an effective policy to frustrate the plans of the enemy countries. When war broke out it found us unprepared, but when Germany declares an economic war on ourselves and our Allies she will find us,,we trust, fully equipped to meet it. There is no phase of the coming combat which is not covered by the conference resolu- tions. The resolution which will probably bit Germany tbe hardest is that which declares it to be 11 of essential importance that the liberty of none of the Allies should be hampered by any claims pat forward by the enemy Powers to most-favoured-nation treatment. The Allies agree that tbe benefit of this treatment shall not be granted to the powers during a number of years to be fixed by mutual agreement among themselves." This resolution, if carried into effect, will deal a deadly blow to German com- merce, for the success of Germany in foreign markets has been largely doe to the operations of the most-favcnrned-nation clause in her trade agreements. Closely connected with this resolution is the one which delcares that "In order to defend their commerce, their indastry, their agricalture, and their navigation against economic aggression resulting from damping or any other mode of unfair competition, tbe Allies decide to fix by agreement a period of time during which tbe commerce of the enemy Powers shall be submitted to special treatment, and tbe goods originating in these countries shall be subjected either to prohibitions or to a special regime of an effeotive oh&racter." BRITAIN MUST GIVE A LEAD. The permanent measures of mutual assis- tanoe and collaboration advocated at the Conference should, it is declared, "be directed to assuring the independence of the Allies not only so far as concerns their sources of supply, bat also as regards their financial, commercial, and maritime organisation." It is obvious that objeots so wide in their soope can only be aebievect by the closest co-operation, in the first place between every part of tbe British Empire, and secondly, between the Empire as a whole and the Allied Countries. It must be evident, too, to everyone who gives the matter a moment's serious thought, that unless we reform our fiscal system, so as to be able to give reoiprocal preferential tariff treatment in our markets to our friends and to penalise our enemies, we cannot share in the benefits which the Confer. ence was designed to secure. Baron A. deHeyking, the Russian Consul-General, addressing the London Chamber of Commerce on June 20th, put the matter in a nutshell when he said :—"The acquisition of a commer- cial agreement among the Allies is of para. mount importance to their common interest, and entails upon Great Britain the necessity for abandoning Free Trade in favour of a system of differential tariffs. That Protection pore and simple, but rather a politioo-economic system of differential treatment of Allied, neutral, and enemy countries." The time is ripe for this country to take action upon the basis of the Conference resolutions. "These resolutions," we are told by Mr Bonar Law, will be adoped not only by the present Govern- ment but by the present House of Commons, and may be taken as representing the settled polioy of the British Government." But it is not enough to adopt these resolutions; they must be acted upon without delay. "It is oar place," as Mr Hughes has said, "to show the Allies a lead. Nothing prevents us from doing so every thing urges us od. It is to Britain that all the Allies turn with expectant eyes, and they must not look to as in vain."

The "Sanitas" Company, Limited. The annual meeting of the SacitaR Company was beld in London on June 28th, under tbe chairmanship of Mr C T Kingzett, F.I.C., F.C.S., when a.final dividend of five per oent. per annum was declared, making up the usual annual distribution that has been paid for so many years of 7! per oent. The business of the company has been well main. tained and, in spite of the unfavourable war conditions, Sanitas lines retain their high popularity. The company have recently introduced several new preparations, including "Sanitas Anti-Vermin Paste," which is reputed to be a simple, safe and preventive remedy for body vermin, and therefore eminently useful to our soldiers at tbe front; Kaytor," an application for use in cases of nasal catarrh and bay fever; and Potex," a scientific potato remedy, which has been proved to afford great relief in cases of rheumatism, lumbago and allied painful affections.

¡, IMPROVEMENT OF UPLAND PASTURES. Attention was directed in the Brecon County Times" last week to the valuable report on experiments in the improvement of upland pastures, compiled for the University College of Wales by Messrs A. E. Jones, B.Sc. and R. G. Stapledon, M.A. The subject is of so much importance to Breconshire that we make no apology for returning to it. The following extracts from the report will, we think, show not only the value of the experiments and the desirability of continuing them, but also the advisability of the matter being carefully Considered by landlords, estate agents, and farmers PRACTICAL CONCLUSIONS. The data brought forward this report point to the following practical conclusioyas:- 1. That, apart from resorting to extensive tillage operations, much of the hill grazing in Mid-Wales could be comparatively easily improved. 2. On many areas regular burning, surface drainage and irrigation, and in some instances surface cultivations, should be first adopted and subsequently top dressing and sometimes renovating mixtures resorted to. 3. The economic advantages to be obtained from manuring and other improve- ments are complex and would seem to suggest some modifications in the general system of bill farming. The practical man should clearly grasp the significance of the following fundamental facts in particular, and arrange his system of farming so as to utilise them to the utmost. (a). Phosphatic manures and Lime (e.g.) Basic Slag or Lime and Superphosphate), exert a favourable influence on the legumin- ous herbage.* These manures therefore tend to react advantageously on the fertility of such mountain and heath land as includes plants like the Birds Foot Trefoil, the Mountain Vetchling, or White Clover in their flora or on land upon which it is possible to introduce these or other legumin- ous plants. (b). The feeding value of the herbage manured with these dressings is increased, and this is shown chiefly in the greater rapidity with which the sheep on the manured plots attain to something near their maximum weights. (f). Grazing animals naturally tend to congregate upon areas the herbage of which has been improved. This is well exemplified by the extent to which sheep on large walks collect on small fields which in the past were manured but with the passing of a homestead have again become part of the open walk. (d). The effect of grazing animals .con- gregating on relatively small areas is to maintain the quality of the herbage and, if liberal dressings of Phosmatic manures have been applied, to add also to the fertility of the soil. (e). Provided that adequate arrangements are made to supply water, mountain sheep would seem to do as well when confined to a comparatively small enclosure as when they have access to the whole walk. This is not so surprising as may at first appear, since the sheep on a large walk always tend to associate in groups on fairly well defined areas. ,f). Sheltered slopes offer the moat favourable grazing grounds for sheep and also tend to produce the best herbage, In conclusion we would emphasise: I. That all improvements carried out on hill land should be conducted in conjunction with adequate fencing in order that the improved grazing may be under control; II. That substantial improvements will never result as long as land is broken and put under a long rotation of chiefly corn with the addition of but little or no manures, alld then put down to grass. It is probably far more economical to first obtain an improved herbage either by top dressings only, or by resort to (a) short rotations of chiefly crops folded on the land, or (b) shallow cultiva- tions and renovating mixtures in addition, and ultimately if so desired to bring the improved field into the regular rotation; III. That judicious planting of shelter belts would materially add to the scope of such improvements, for by this means it would be possible to bring a larger number of of improved areas under permanent culti- vation. There can be little doubt that after the War large areas now devoted to hill grazing will be under consideration in connection with schemes of afforestation. It must be borne in mind that the mountain and hill land that will produce the best timber has in most cases the greatest potentialities for the production of human food also. Up to the present but few organised endeavours backed by sufficient capital have been made either to improve or to estimate the possi- bilities of improving large tracts of our mountain and hill land for the benefit of the grazier. It is, on economic grounds, there- fore, to be hoped that extensive areas of hill land will not be lightly given over in toto to the forester until it has been proved that the capital necessitated to plant and maintain the timber would not yield a higher revenue if devoted to developing the stock carrying capacity of the same area. *Although potash would not seem to have justified itself in these trials; and is very fre- quently disappointing—we have seen cases in Merionethshire and locally elsewhere, where the addition of potash has shown to great advantage.

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