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A POLICE-COURT SCENE.
A POLICE-COURT SCENE. Welshpool Senior Magistrate and the Clerk. Another chapter of wrar-iglizia was added to the .11istory of the Welshpool Borough Bench last Tuesday. Deputy Chief-Constable William3 And &a Oswestry solicitor were interested in the renewal of the solitary public-house license, which had been deferred, and Mr C. P. Yearsley, the Justices' Clerk, handed to them communications, with a request from the Bench that they should I read the letters. While this was going on in the pit. of the Court, the storm broke on the magis- terial plattorm overhead. Dr. Thomas was in the chair, with the Senior Magistrate, as usual, his right hand man. Mr Mayor!" exclaimed Mr D. P. Owen. "I fchnuld like to know the reason wbv the publicans of this town have had notice t. attend here to- day! Many publicans have had notice. There s only one licensa that has been referred, but a number of publicans have had notice to attend iiere to-day The Mayor: Perhaps the Clerk will explain. Mr Yearsley turned to face the Bench, and his observation was not heard by the Press. There was no difficulty, however, in hearing Mr D. P. Owen. "Excuse me," said he, "Thfre anight have been a mistake made again! And then again this was hauded to me this day fort- night." Suiting action to word, the Senior Magistrate exhibited a document, which he proceeded to un- fold. I don't think," he continued, it is A RESPECTFUL WAY TO HAND CIRCULARS to a magistrate to attend here to-day! They ought to be sant by post" The Mayor: Will you give the names of the publicans who have received notices? Mr D. P. Owen Langrick is one! Mr Will am Humphreys (another Borough J.P.) passed a remark, and Mr Yearsley asked to be allowed to see the circular. Have you got the notice to attend?" he inquired of Mr Humphreys, who answered Yes." I don t see there is any notice rr-quiriog them to attend!" said Mr Yearsley after reading the circular. Mr D. P. Owen But it has been sent to them. Mr Yearsley: You said there was a notice requiring them to attend. They apparently haven't bad it. Mr D. P Owen: It is very impertinent of you to contradict me when I have seen the circulars Mr Yearsley Will you show me the cirealmrs ? Mr D P. Owen Mine is the same as the others. Mr Yearsley read the second letter that was -handed to him Meanwhile, Mr D. P. OWtln observed again, "It has no right to be sent to 4h*.m Mr Yearsley I Fee no notice requiring them to attend! I am not responsibe for anybody who handed you that circular. Mr D. P. Owen: Then why do you give it to the police to hand to me ? The Clerk: Because THE STATUTE REQUIRES IT! Mr D. P. Owen No, it doesn t! It requires it to be sent me in a respectful manner The Mayor (to the Court Officer); Sergeant! Go on with the first case, please Th, Sergeant called out the defendant's name. Mr Yearsley had another conversation with the .Mayor, who then said that the Clerk wished the -matter to be cleared up, that by statute the notices were required. Mr D. P. Owen (soaking his head): I don't tcnow what you are talking about (laughter ) The Mayor: About the notice you have just handed down to Mr Yeaisley (to the Clerk). Do you wish to say anything further, Mr Yearsley. Mr Yearsley: No. I only wish it to be under- .stood that the notices issued by the Clerk on behalf of the magistrates are quite in order. The storm then subsided. —"——-——-
[No title]
For Children's Hacking Cough at night, Woods' Great Peppermint Cure. 1/1 J, 2/9. At Norfolk, Virginia, a popular welcome awaited the American fleet on the safe conclusion of its 45,000-mile journey. On board the Presidential jaoht, the Mayflower,' Mr Roosevelt steamed down the lines, inspecting each ship. Mr Haldane addressed an appeal to college etudenta both at Newcasrie-on-Tyne and at Durham on the subject of officers' training corps. In the course of an earnest appeal, the Secretary tfor War emphasised the need of "Imperial mili- tary federation." Reckoning all resources he de- ,e,larp,d it practicable that we should have an Army cf Empire equal to twenty-three army corps-tbe same number, in fact, as the military forces pos- sessed by Germany. BUTCHERS' HIDE, SKIN AND WOO Company Limited, New Canal-street, Birmingham. —Current Prices: Hides—95 and up,51 8fi ii -47 to 94, 5—4} 75 to 84, 4$—4* 65 to 74. 4f -4 £ 66 to 64, 4^—4|; 55 and under, 4 J-—; heavy cows, 4 i—4; light cows, 4j—4 bulls, 3f—3 £ warbled and irregs., 3}—4|. Calf, 17 and up, 7 12 to 16, 8f; 9 to 11, 8g light, 8l Horse hides, 21f-, 19/3, 18/ 16/ 14/ ll/7;9, 7/ Wools— Ijots, 9/6. 8/9, 8/6, 8/1, 7/10, 7/6, 7/1, 6/3, 5/6. Wools -A 1619 A 5/8, B 4/4, c 2/10. Welsh Wools -—4/4,2/10, 1/11. Fat—Best beef, 3jd; seconds- nd; best mutton, 3d; common, lfd. Mixed fat, J Sid. BODeI-Dlanow 1/2. Waste, 9d score.
"OLD MILES."
"OLD MILES." Personal Experiences of the Hungry Forties. Powysland Peasant v. "Horace W. Chatterton, Esq." It's no Use Him Talking Like That! CHAPTER VI. You have no doubt all heard of the so-called Hungry '40's." You have been told over and over again Oh Don't go back to Protection, to the times anterior to the repeal of the Corn Laws. Think of those terrible hungry '40's!" What do they mean by the "Hungry O'n I they say, We mean the time whlI people couldn't get bread, when bread was at famine prices owing to those terrible Corn Liiws Think of the Hungry '40's I am going to expose that gigantic lie in two or three minutes. The Corn Laws were repealed in 18-1(>. If the "Hungry '40's" had anything to do with the repeal of the Corn Laws, it must follow that the "Hungry '40's" preceded that event. You cannot say than the Corn Laws were repealed in consequence of the Hungry '40's," if in fact there was no hunger at the time they were repealed. What are the facts ? Now in the face of all that testimony if any Cobdenite dares say that the Corn Laws were repealed in consequence of the Hungry '40's be must know he is telling a wilful, deliberate, wicked lie (loud cheers).—" Horace W. Chatterton, Esq. addressing a Welshpool audience as chief speaker at a Conservative Smoking Concert in the Town Hall, Tuesday, 16th February, 19^9, to support Colonel Pryce-Jones, the Tory Protectionist candidate for Montgomery Boroughs. I sat last night by the fireside in the little cottage on Groespluan "Common" (writes an Express man) listening to Old Miles talking about the "Hungry '40's." Right fond is the Powysland peasant in his Slst year of a chat and a smoke, but no*? the topic was too serious to be discusf-ed over, a pipe of "John Peel." His was no political speecii sandwiched between comic son2S at a Prutectionist smoking concert. Old Miles" could not quote from a speech of Sir Robert. Peel, as prime minister in 1844, neither could he quote from what Lord John Russell, as leader of the Opposition, had said in the debate on the Address in 1845-nor from the 'Spectator,' "the recognised organ of cultured Whiggism," and least of all from Augustus Montgredien's "History of the Free Trade in England." But if "Old Miles" could not quota all these extracts, and if he coulu not say—Mr Horace W. Chatterton said to me after the smoking concrt "-that "HE HAS READ EVERYTHING OX THE SUBJECT!" yet in one respect Old Miles" could speak from a standpoint which I doubt that one of the most brilliant speakers on the Tariff question could. Mr Horace W. Chatterton told hIs appreciative audience of what he had read. Old Miies told me of what he had been through. On the one hand was Mr Horace W. Chatterton, unsuccessful Conservative candidate for Crewe in 1892 (where he had Tariff "Reform" on his pro- gramme, thirteen years before Mr Joseph Cham- berlain), unsuccessful candidate again for Totten- ham in 190G, for two or three years a tepmbar of the Executive Committee of the Navy League, a vice-president of the great Tariff "Reform" League itself, and a politician who does not seem yet to have reached the qualifying age for Government pension of 5s a week. On the other hand, Old Miles," who was born in 182S, who was 12 year3 of ago when the "'40's" began and 22 when they ended—a child born to labour, who never bad a day's schooling, but who, after getting married, learnt to read his Bible in the We-deyan Sunday School. When I retailed for his edification Mr Horace W. Chatterton's remarks regarding the wilful, deliberate, wicked lie" of the "Hungry '40's" there was an explosion, and I thought of Mr Horace W. Chatterton's sporting promise to the Colonel that he was prepared, health permitting, at any time to go anywhere to fight anybodv It would be most interesting to hear him quote Monsieur Montgredien to the Powysland peasant, but +hat meeting is not likely to take place. However, seeing that the Conservative working- men of Pool cheeied Mr Horace W. Chatterton in the Town Hall until the rafters rung, it may be well to give Old Miles's side of the case about the Hungry '40's." The veteran peasant can now remember things that happened 60 and 70 years ago more clearly than what has taken place merely 20 or 3U years ago. Bless my soul!" said he, I have had a memory! I can go back afore I was eight year old, and remember things as well as if they were done to-day It's no use him talking like that to say as, the inhabitant wasn't in want. I HAVEN'T HAD IT FROM Sir Robert Peel or Lord John Russell, but I've heard talk of both. I have been through the rough mill all through, and I've experienced all these thinga. I've had as good a head and mind as some of 'em in Parliament, if I could have carried it through and they would have knowed it too! Mr Chatter-ton said, 'You have no doubt all heard of the so-called Hungry '40's. I'm not talking about what I've heard but what I've been through, and that's what I should question this sort of fellows Have they been through it? If they said 'No,' well, 'what are you going to talk about ? Off who did you gather it ? He hasn't gone through the mill! He's only gathering his bit of flour what other people has ground for him." He gathered it off Sir Robert Peel, the Prime Minister of '44, and Lord John Russell, the leader of the Opposition in '45 ? "—I suggested. "Bless your soul!" replied "Old Miles," "When I was a lad, a lot gi'ed £ 20 for a vote to get in Parliament in them days afore they would lose the vote. I remember Old Squire Pugh here when he fought CholmoDdeley, he was chaired with six grey horses in his brake in Welshpool here when he got in Parliament. It cost them thousands then-and my father-in-law sawed at Llanerchydol 14 years for Squire Pugh for 8a a woek What does a man like that in Parliament know about labour? How does he know how the farmers treated their men, and what they gave them to eat in those days ? The inhabitants was quite poor, ignorant, no education! I had a brother—him that died in the Crimea—and him and another man were two hired servants, and the food was barley bread and the 'tailing' and all that, not fit for them to eat. I'll tell you what they did. The two chaps couldn't eat the food. and, comical, you dare not speak in those days. The two ran away, and the farmer sent to the magistracy of Welshpool here, and had them took up in the Town Hall—the old Town Hall. Very well, the magistrates tried them, and they told them the food wasn't fit for them to eat. And I will tell you what THE GREEDINESS OF THAT OLD VAGABOND did. He bought a loaf of bread from the town- white bread!—and he had cheese in his own oapboard always for himself, not the same as the servants ate—that was tough enough to tap your shoes with! On the morning he took a slice of this white bread and a slice off his cheese, and so wrapped it up and put it in his pocket, and, when they complained of his food. he drawed this out and he said-I was in the Town Hal], I heard it all, because of my brother-he said 'Gentlemen, isn't this sufficient good for them to eat ? Of course, the magistrates said 'Yos! But these poor fellows bad bad none of his'n. The magis- tratea concluded they must go back to Mont- gomery—the gaol was there then-and serve a month, or go back and serve him a month. And they decided to go to Montgomery, and they did go, and they were in a fortnight. The farmer couldn't get a man to work for him-it was harvest time and he went and begged them to come back. Ind they went back but-they didn't atop long! You go to Newtown!" continued "Old Miles," with a twinkle in his eye. "Isn't there an old chap in Newtown as knows what's what ? Is there ? Have they been having 'bacco and cigars same as in Pool, and got blinded ? He coukftell you more maybe about what I'm going to tell you I should have told that fellow in the Town Hall here to shut his month, quick! He didn't know anything about the times! Yon dunna know you are born!' I should have used strong words, there's no mistake about it. I use strong words, but not for swearing. Have you ever heard at Newtown about X, the Y ? A poor old woman with two children went there-one on each side of her-to ask Mr X to sell her half a strike of flour, and her took 9s 6d, and he refused her and sent her away! He would have a guinea a strike. Very well ? Her had to go away. He went to Newtown and said he had the key of the poor's stomach locked up! He had to clear out of Newtown! Somebody got him to mount his herse or they WOULD HAVE THROWN HIM OVER THE BRIDGE into the river! That would have been his end. He wouldn't sell without he should have a guinea, and the following month after the 'repeal' was passed he sold that corn for 10s. There was a lot beside him as wouldn't sell, and many of the farmers, as I knowed, they wouldn't sell at such a price as people was offering; they would have more. They said We'll keep it. It will be mere yet!' But it had to come down to 10s. These fellows as is spouting about knows nothing about what the poor had to go through in my days! I say the man that has gone himself through all the difficulties-te mowing, reaping, ploughing, sowing, draining, hedging, ditching, all about I gardening and the culture of the land-is the man I to go into P&rliament." Was there a time in the '40's when people could not get bread, when bread was at famine prices owing to these torrible Corn Laws?" Mr Horace W. Chatterton promised in the Town Hall to expose that gigantic lie "and the Powyslandic auditoneacheerecl him. But" Old Miles" was un- dismayed by this loud lauguage. It's no use him talking like that, to say the inhabitants wasn't in want," he declared. •' The inhabitants then was want," he declared. "The inhabitants then was quite ignorant, and we ate and drank anything as I was put afore us, which a dog wouldn't eat now. Let 'em come to talk to me! And when there was a scarcity of anything, sir, the farmers used to sow a lot of peas, then boil a lot of 'em—old green, hard peas-smashed up, and a little bacon liquor over 'em 1 That was for your dinner, and when you finished your peas, there would be a lot of turnips hashed up on the table for you. We could not have bread in some of those days, sir. Tnere's my brother and the other fellow I told you—they chose to go to Montgomery; they wouldn't go there if the bread was good. And I have followed a team with nothing but peas every day for dinner—not a bit of bread on the table They couldn't afford to give it-they wanted to sell it, and give you the tailing,' what they couldn't sell, nor it wunna fit to see. We could have had plenty of bread, if v/e could have the money to purchase it. But then WE HAD NOTHING TO PURCHASE IT. How could a man purchase bread when there was threo and four and five in P. family on 8s a week, and the corn ltts and a guinei a strike? And! only for smock-making, clemming they were! We were clemming! Taters and turnips to eat was not fit for a human being to eat, if you had justice. Well, no! I like turnips well enough sir, as well as anyone, on a plate with tators and meat. But there was no meat then. No, sir. One herring between five when wa were boys at the Whiteuouse Salt herrings was sold in the town then 30 for a Is, put them on a withy twig all through, bring them all homo, and sling them up in the corner. Then I suppose that fellow means as there was no want in them days! When we were at the Whitehouse, there was a great big old pot of taters slinged on the fire, as much as two could lift up, one on each side of the big hook. We weren't very struck, we had to do what we could in th"m days. I liked it very well, but—it wasn't working food. It's idling food. As I have said many a time, it's the big 'uns as ought to have our food, and us theirs That's my method, sir! And then we would roast those taters. The poor old woman drawed all the coal out—wood ashes, we bad never anything but wood-and put a lot of taters. A couple apiece, that would make ten amongst us five. Then, if the other two ha.d some, it would bo four more, you know, and then 80metim.es we used to have a bit of dripping off the faruhers on a bit of bread to eat with that. That was our living in them days! Never see a bit of flesh meat from twelvemonths to twelve- months without somebody did give you a bit. And, if you had a pig you had to sell it. Trying to have a feiv clothing and that sort of thing, YOU COULDN'T AFFORD to put a pig in the house. Salt was 4:1 a pound, and sugar 9d a lb, tea 4d—an ounce, of course. I remember half an ounce had to do a week amongst seven of us. That was what we had, sir! We had nothing else without we bad a bit of dripping from the big folks—we couldn't afford butter! That's what we had for breakfast, and a. cup o' tea after—water after the old man and old woman would have theirs out of it, it would be the swill- ing of the teapot for us five lads-me and me brother and three more. Then go out to the farmers-poor old woman !—this time of the year to pick stones off the cloverland, young clover, and then platching' hedges, and then Michaelmas time give us lads Id a day for frightening the crows, not to take the grain, you know. We were right healthy enough on all that food, see, only, you know, if wasn't working food. It wasn't working food! I daresay if you and I had never see'd anything else and was brought up to eat raw taters at the beginning, we shouldn't know no better. And the country was in darkness and ignorance." The hungry '40's a gigantic lie! Old Miles" ould hava given Mr Horace W. Chatterton the name of one man with whom he worked in Powys- land in the '40's, to whom the farmer was giving 2s 6d a week, and his meat, and he had a wife and two children! He was threshing and hedging and anything as was wanting, for 2s 6d a week, and, when March come in, he rose him 6d—to 3s. After he had done supper, he would walk to the stackyard. Of course, it was all kept quiet, but he would take as much as he could of turnips- there's the times!—for the woman and two poor children to eat. As soon as it was fluiot he would go into the old place and whip a fowl off the roost for the poor uns to cook. We had this < flummery' for supper, and when the old man wouldn't be there, his wife, A GOOD LITTLE WOMAN, her would put the bread and cheese on the table for us to have a bit. This man would undo his shirt here, and when we sat at the table, and we were eating the flummery' and cutting the bread and cheese. He'd cut a good slice of bread and put it down his shirt next to his skin, and I would cut a bit of cheese and knock it on the top of it, and that's the way poor families was fed those days. I have done it-or rather I've helped to do it, I didn't want it, being a single fellow. But I know what's been done!" "You have been told again and again, 'Oh! Don't go back to Protection. Don't go back to the times anterior to the Repeal of the Corn Laws! Think of those terrible hungry '40's! When "Old Miles" heard this extract from Mr Horace W. Chatterton's speech, voicing the plea of the Cobdenite, the old Powysland peasant was stuck. mess your soul!" he exclaimed, after confessing his own ignorance, "Many of them wouldn't know what anterior' means! We want to be educated into it, and learnt up to the meaning of two or three of these words That's the way the world is kept in darkness, but educa- tion is coming around! There's a deal of words in my Bible I can't understand, but I'm a beggar for working where the reference' says to other parts, and that brings the meaning forward. The Corn Laws wasn't repealed because of the hungry '40's! If it was all going well, what did they want to do away with the Corn Laws then ? [To be Continued.]
BARMOUTd.
BARMOUTd. THE EXPRESS AND TIMES is now on sale at Messrs Smith & Son's Bookstall, Barmouth.
GUILSFIELD.
GUILSFIELD. DAVID JONES AND SON have a few sacks of Seed Oats for Sale. Agents for Molassine Meal, etc.-31, High-street, Welshpool.
TREFEGLWYS.
TREFEGLWYS. IMPORTANT NOTICE.—A. H. Bennett, Draper, Caersws, attends room adjoining Red Lion Hotel, Trefeglwys, EVERT WEDNESDAY, from 12 till 6, with a good assortment of General Drapery Goods, at lowest town prices for cash.
LL ANL LWOH AI ARN.
LL ANL LWOH AI ARN. WE regret to record the death after a some- what long illness of Mr Edward Jarman, Lower Gwestydd, which sad event took place on Satur- day week. The funeral took place on Wednesday, and was largely attended. The Revs. E. Parry. M A., and J. G. Jones officiated at the house, and the Rev. R. Evan-Jones at the church. Mr David Lewis, London House, superintended the funeral arrangements and Mr Evan Phillips supplied the coffin. Much sympathy is felt with the family in this their double sorrow, it being only a fortnight ago that we recorded the death of Mrs Jarman. Beautiful floral tributes were received from the following :-Edward and Annie; Tom and Sarah; All at Pont; Mr and Mrs Geo. Griffiths; Mrs Morgan; Mrs M. Da vies; Mr and Mrs Owen; Mr and Mrs Edward Griffiths; Tom and B. Gittins; Dr. and Mrs Shearer.
POOR LAW IN MONTGOMERYSHIRE.
POOR LAW IN MONTGOMERYSHIRE. A Few Random Notes. The Commission which was appointed by the King in 1905 to enquire into the Poor law has just issued a long and instructive report, and the minds of all reformers are just now much occupied in considering the suggestions put forward therein. The Commissioners advocate, among other things, the abolition of the Boards of Guardians and the discontinuance of the work- houses. The Poor Laws of England and Wales were in a chaotic and scandalous state at the beginning of the nineteenth century. No alteration in principles, and practically none in details, had been made since the time of Elizabeth; and it may be imagined how far methods that might have been quite proper to the problem in that reign were from suiting the larger and more complex situation at the dawn of the nineteenth century. Some of the routine sanctioned, which then seemed at once cheap and reasonably humane, had become costly, inhuman, and ridiculously inefficient in action. Of course, the problem had altered in essentials. The industrial changes of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries were so favourable to the growth of capitalism, and so very unfavourable to the small master and the workman, that the rich classes were being made richer while the middle classes were becoming poor and the poor poorer. Thus a large number were forced to throw themselves on the "benevolence" of the Poor Laws while the few who had to pay grew eloquent in their reluctance to carry th- burden. As political power then wholly rested with the very wealthy classes, little was done in the way of reform, for, though grumbling was rife at the cost, still the Pjor Law was a terrific class weapon against the poor, and was worth keeping for that alone. But when the extended franchise came into operation in 1832 it was soon evident that the middle classes were bent on at least one thing—Poor Law Reform. 1 his desire was realised in 1835 in a very compre- hensive scheme which exists to-day largely as then framed. ° Relief undbr Elizabeth's law was, on its funda- mental side, simply outdoor relief on an indis- criminating system and without deterrent placed upon the receiver. It was demoralising to the poor, and very costly to the other classes, and had come to be supplementary to the low wages pur- poselv paid by greedy, unscrupulous employers. How far this radically bad system was aggravated by the introduction of machinery and other features of the time may be seen in the case of Llanidloes, which parish, never a wealthy one, after paying .£817 9s 4d for poor maintenance in 1799, fount 1 itself called upon to pay £ 1,63418s 9d in 1801. The number of heads of families and single persons receiving w~elr]y pa,y was 265, exclusive of ten or twelve families who had occa- sioual help; if we allow an average of only three p»isons to a family, it appears that 828 persons were chargeable out of a total population of 2,262. This heavy drain was almost equalled at New- town, where an average winter regularly called for charitable subscriptions wherewith to warm and clothe the poor. To remedy these things the Act of 1835 was framed, and, let us say at once, it was frankly an Act in the interests of the classes who paid the poor rates. It was to effect economies, not to improve conditions otherwise. Its main pro- vision was the segregation of the poor according to sex into special buildings, there to be put to work in return for their keep. Disaffection, which was already great from other causesj increased enormously at prospect of these Bastilles, as they were called after the famous prison in Paris. Montgomeryshire poor felt the shame and indignation as keenly as any, and it was a potent cause in leading them to Chartism. Ono of the keenest critics of the now conditions was George Robert Wythen E'axter, of Upper Bryn, near Newtown, who attacked them hotly in his book, entitled, The Book of the Bastilles (1841). Under the Act Llanidloes and Newtown cem- 'II.. Dined to form a Union, and measures w.ero taken for the erection of the necessary "Bastille" at Caersws. During the preliminary negotiations a special Commissioner, who visited Llanidloes for the purpose of sett,ling details of the schema, ex- perienced the hatred which the poor of that town felt for the new era of which he was representa- tive. Whilst he was -oomiortahly ensconced in bad, certain active spirits seized the gig which had brought him to the town, and pitched it into the river from the Long Bridge. A reward was offered by Government for the apprehension of the offenders, but nothing was ever found out con- cerning them. Afterwards, the poor jealously watched the "Bastille" gradually rise from the ground, and endeavoured in a small impotent way to harass its progress. The bricks were interfered with, stolen and destroyed on numerous occasions, and the "authorities," in the shape mostly of drunken justices, kept a sharp look-out, though in vain. But a Chartist meeting, announced for Christmas Day at Caersws, seemed to these jus- tices to be an occasion expressly designed for the overthrow of the" Bastille"; and great were the preparations made for the emergency. In solemn conclave they met, considered the whole affair, and ended by ordering a Major Pugh to call out the county Yeomanry. On Saturday night four troops were ordered to muster at Caersws by the Tuesday following. Colonel Wynn came from Wynnstay, Lord Clive (the lord-lieutenant) from Shropshire, to be present on the glorious field. Wednesday (Christmas Davl dawned, and earnest Chartists set out from their homes at Llanidloes and Newtown, doubtless conscious of the actions of the over-anxious justices, but stolidly determined to attend the meeting. Mean- while, at Fronfelin and Aberhafesp, the troops were first eulogised in a martial speech from the Colonel, and afterwards served with several rounds of ball cartridges. How their hearts must have beat at prospect of fighting the poor, half-fed weavers who were even then singing Ebenezer Elliot's well-known hymn- God of the Poor! shall labour eat ? Or drones alone find labour sweet ? Lo! they who call the earth their own, Take all we have-and give a stone. This very un-warlike opening was followed by oratory from Will Hill, of Birmingham (late New- town), and Charles Powell, of Welshpool, but perusal of their speeches shows no need for the services of the very gallant yeomen. Everything passed off quietly. Not a briok was touched, not a head was broke, not a single yeoman or weaver found honoured grave. Instead, the yeomen found a dinner awaiting their return to Powia castle, where, as their journal records, needless to say there was not one tee-totaller." Moat of the weavers found no dinners thus waiting for them. # C Amid such scenes was Caersws Workhouse erected. Now quieter scenes will witness its abolition-not a moment too soon. C. E. H.
WELSHPOOL.
WELSHPOOL. GRAND DISPLAY of new goods on show at BOWEN'S, the well-known cash drapers, Berriew- street. GUNS (New and Second-hand) for Sale or Hire. also Eley's and Kynoch's Cartridges at lowest prices.-William Thomas, Ironmonger, Welshpool' llD. A WEEK "TO Livz Obi! "-At the H'orden Board of Guardians last Wednesday, Mr A. E. Bond asked was there any further application from a Welshpool man who had been refused an increase on 3/6 a week out-door relief.-Ralieving Officer Fortune: No.—Mr Bond; I think it is one of the cases that call for attention. He is a very tidy old man. He has never spent anything reck. lessly.—The Medical Officer (Dr. Thomas) He is one of the deserving poor. I have known him for twenty years. He never smokes, never drinks, and has worked hard as long as he could. Only for friends, I don't think that the man would have been able to exist so long. He gets 3/6 a week and pays 2/7 rent He has only lid. a week to live on!—Mr John Pryce Jones: I move we give him 4.3.-Dr. Marston: I move 5s. 6d. extra is little to go on.—Mr Richard Edwards (Mont- gomery) There would be some in the Montgomery district only getting 2/6. 5a. and 2/6 is a gieat contrast.—Dr. Maraton It is really the deserving poor, who require extra relief, not the people who get 2/6 and spend it for drink as soon as they get it. Mr Robert Tomley (Montgomery) Don't you think that is an unreasonable rent for a poor L- _0 '1" peruon co pay r-ur. 1 nomas: x nave asked him before why he pays so much rent. His reply is that he can't get another place, and those who know Welshpool, know it is so-(smiles and laugh- ter)-unless he goes to live in a place that is not fit. He has a horror of the Workhouse, and will drop dead before he will go there.—The Board de- cided to increase the relief to 5s.
" THE FOXES." ...
THE FOXES." Powysland Public-House Referred for Compensation. II 1.. Landlady's Duel with the Deputy. A Parmer's Complaint. Wearing a black cloak, a grey fur, and a black bonnet trimmed with violets, a typical landlady of a country inn was the principal figure at the Welshpool Borough Licensing Sessions last Tuesday. Tho magistrates meeting had been adjourned that Deputy Chief Constable Williams might object to the renewal of the Foxes Inn, a hill-side inn in the township of Trewern. The grounds of objection were threefold: 1. That the license is not required by the character and neces- sities of the neighbourhood. 2. That the exist- ence of the license renders the number of licensed houses in the district excessive, and detrimental to the interests of the public. 3. That the premises afford undue facilities for drinking. Sitting on the Bench were the Mayor (Dr. R. D. Thomas), Messrs John Pryce Jones, William Humphreys, David Jones, D. P. Owen, Maurice Jehu, and David Lloyd. The Deputy conducted the case for the policce, while Mr G. W. Ferring- ton, solicitor, Oswestry, appeared for the registered owner—Mr R. Williams, Shrewsbury, the mort- gagees, and the licensee, Mrs Sarah Griffiths. P.C. Arthur Price, who has been stationed at Ruttington three months, said he had known the place when stationed at Welshpool. In his opinion the licensed house was not required. It was within a mile of the Four Crosses-- Mr D. P. Owen That is outside our jurisdic- tion. The Deputy It is not outside our jurisdiction. It was also within half a mile of the Plough Inn in the other direction, said the witness. Cross-examined by Mr Ferrington, I- C. Price Sa!i taa,t when stationed at Welshpool he had called at the house in passing and he saw no! customer?. He had s een customers there since he had been at Buttington. The house was on the main road from Welshpool to .Shrewsbury, but there was not much traffic. The Deputy It's the motor traffic. Mr Ferrington: Have the motor cars run everything off the read there as they have done in ot her districts ? The Foxes had A SEVEN DAY LICENSE, continued the witness, and the next jeven day license was about three miies away on one side and four miles on the other Re-examinei by the Deputy, P.C. Price said that the present licensee was leaving the Foxes the sale, which was billed to take place on February 18th, had been postponed until April. Ha had nothing against the character of the landlady. Replying to Mr Ferrington, witness said he did not know that the house had been let at an increased rent, and that the sale bad been post- poned owing to the notice of objection, the incom- ing tenant having refused to go in because this question was banging over the house. D.C.C. Williams said the population of Trewern township was about 305. The house had one front door and one back door, and had accommo- dation for four lodgers and stabling for two horses. It was a mile from the Plough Inn, 2* miles from 2 the Dragon Inn, Buttington, and a mile from the Four Crosses Inn, which is in the county division, and which closes at 10 o'cl,)ck- The Clerk (Mr C. P. Yearsley) That is a matter of law. The Deputy: I should like it down-I have my reasons. The Foxes closes at eleven, and there is time, should they be inclined, to walk from the Four Crosses to the Foxas Inn. Cross-examined, the Deputy said the average number of inhabitants to each house in the borough of Welshpool was 135, in Trewern town- ship it was one to 152-there were two public bouses, the Plough Inn and the Foxes. If the Foxes were taken off, it would be only one house to 305 inhabitants, which would make it a very different state'of tiffairs to what it is in the rest of the borough of Welshpool. Have you objected to any other house in the borough of Welshpool?—I am beginning there. It is the furthest house in the borough. ° Don't you think it would be wise to begin where they are thickest ?-We hope to come here again (smiles). The Deputy said he had had complaints-but not recently-that people walked from the Four Crosses after ten p.m. and drank at the Foxes. He could not say did they get very drunk. Mr Ferrington: There is NO PARTICULAR SIN IN HAVING A GLASS OF BEER after ten o'clock at night.—What I mean is that the craving for drink is so strong in some people that, although turned out of the Four Crosses, they make for the Foxes. Mr Ferrington: My point is, even if they did, they have done no mischief.—The policeman can't be there. He has a big district to look after. The Deputy stated that the late constable at Buttington found a very drunken man a few yards outside the Foxes, and had great trouble with him, but no prosecution followed. They could not prove that the man had been at the Foxes. People did not stay there now to a con- siderable extent—they would stop at the top or I the bottom or tine mil, not at the middle. Neither did they drink *0 the extent they did. Mr Ferrington: Then the house can't be doing the mischief it was?- We don't want it to do mischief. Take the trap away, and there will be no chance to do mischief. Some years ago, continued the Deputy, he bad opposed this license, and it was then agreed that the license should go on while the present tenant was there. Mr Ferrington What power had the magis- trates to make such an arrangement as that ?- You must ask them. The Deputy-had held the opinion since he had known the house close on ten years that it was not necessary. tIe had only been inside twice, but he did not remember seeing anyone except the licensee there. Mr Ferrington: You know she brews her own beer ?-I believe she does. That's a recommendation in some people's eyes, is it not, or moutils ? (smiles)—I am not an authority on beer at all (laughter) Mr Ferrington Neither ami! I never taste it. John Lloyd, Mayor" of Trewern, who lives at the Gate Farm, said he had farmed over 30 years in the township, and in his opinion the house was not wanted as a public house. Cross-examined, witness said he bad heard for years that the house was not wanted. They sent a petition in favour of the old lady when the license was objected tro previously. Mr Ferrington: The petition was got up to save the license, wasn't it ?-No, TO SAVE MRS GRIFFITHS. You couldn't save Mrs Griffiths without saving the licensa ?-You can put it that way if you choose. But that was our object. There were people who went to the Foxes who didn't go to other houses, said witness, but the district was not thickly populated. Edward Bore, a farmer living at the Moat, Trewern, who has lived there 21 years, also did not think the house was necessary. He had nothing against Mrs Griffiths. Mr Ferrington: On what ground do you form the opinion that the House was not wanted ?-It draws my servants from the work at night. What time do they knock off in your neighbour- hood ?—Well, seven is the time. Does it draw them away before saven ?-Some- times it does. Witness knew nothing about the interior of the Foxo" or the Plough. He lived about two miles from the Foxes. He was not a. regular customer. Mr Ferrington: May we take it you don't patronize public houses so much ?-Not so much. The Deputy: Your particular objection is against this house. Is this the house you have had the most trouble with your men ?- Yas, this is the one we have had the most trouble with them. The Deputy: You want to do away with the trouble ? Mr Ferrincrton: Quite regardless of the con- venience of the public. o n- E. L. Tudor, a farmer who has lived at Trewern Hall for 28 years, also said there would be no inconvenience at all if the house was done away with. Mr Ferringten: I suppose you mean it weald be no inconveniemce to you ?-No, and, ab far as I know, not to anyone else. Witness said the Foxes did not draw his men, but he knew it drew other people's. Mr Ferrington: Where do yours go?—I'm very careful what young men I employ, as a rule (smiles). p lose! They don't go anywhere ? Witness added that he had never heard any complaint as to the conduct of the house. John Bevan, a third Trewern farmer, who had lived at the Old Mill 29 years, said he knew the Foxes well. It was not wanted as a licensed house. There was no other seven days' license there. The Deputy: I am asking you is the house required as a licensed house ?— ONLY ON SUNDAYS! (laughter). Is it wanted on week days ? "Yes was the answer that came in a stage whisper from a man, an interested party, which sat the other side of Mr Ferrington at the solicitcr's table. The Deputy turned on him Be quiet, please I'm not asking you! You go into the witness box just now, and I shall have something to say to you is it wanted on week days ? The Deputy repeated his question, and witness replied, "I should say not." Mr Ferrington: Have you ever used it on Sundays P-No. Do you know anyone who u,!Ad it?—I have heard of folks going there on Sundays. The Justices' Clerk (Mr C. P. Yearaley) How far does he live from there ? Witness: Two mile. Mr Ferringten I take it you are not quite sure whether the house is wanted or not! Witness smiled. Sarah Griffiths then gave evidence that she had held the license for 24 years, and been a widow 21 years out of that. The trade was fairly good. Everybody's trade had gone down, but she was I not worse off than the rest, because she supplied anybody with anything that was wanted—meat or bread, cheese or barm. She brew'd four or five strike a week on an average-she could not say how much beer that made She had never measured it. She also sold ginger bec-r, porter, spirits, and was "tied" to nobody. It was the only seven days' license on the road from Welsh- pool to the Half-way House, nine miles distant. There was not now a considerable inrush of people after 10 p.m. from the Four Crosses; she had stopped that. It was not true that young people neglected their work to come to her house and get drunk. A good many cyclists called on Sunday, and, of course, she supplied them if they were bona-fide travellers. Mr Ferrington We know you don't break the law, or you should hear from this gentleman (denoting the Deputy) The landlady (decisively) I should (laughter). The previous witnesses had nevpr told her the house was unnecessary. Mr Tudor knows nothing about it because he never comes (laughter). IF MR LLOYD WANTS ANYTHING he sends for it (more laughter). And Mr Bevan (more laughter). And Mr Tudor. The Deputy Is your house nearer for them to send than to the Plough ?-Well, they don't go ,,h to the Plough If they come for one thing, they come for another. When the house was objected to some years ago, witness had 100 signatures to her petition- she believed 99, which was not far off the 100. The Deputy: You seem to make a lot of capital out of the seven days' license. Don't you think, if you were doing so well, the other houses would be getting jealous, and applying for a seven days' license?—They shouldn't have it! They don't grant seven days to anybody now (laughter). She bad parted with one lodger lately. Motor cars stopped there if they wanted meat or anything. The Deputy Or petrol? (laughter).-No; that I don't keep. Petrol for themselves ?-I don't deal with that sort of thing. Have men been at your house from any of these farms round about ?—Very likely. And staying late at night?—I keepopan till 11, because I am in the boroueh If a man wants a pint he can have it, if he's sober. Although they pass your house jrom the Four Crosses, they never call after 10 o'clock?—No. Witness said she gave notice to leave the house because she was very poorly at the time She had had influenza and thought that she could not go on. But no doctor attended her. She did not know how Mr Hickman had postponed the sale. She had seen or written to him. The Deputy Isn't it postponed until April ?— Well, the paper says so, I suppose. I have given no instructions. The Deputy: Did you find it was because it didn't pay you were leaving ?— NOT EXACTLY THAT, but things are not so good as they were. You have heard it said that the rent is to be increased for the new tenant ?-I didn't hear it, sir. They won't increase it to me. You wouldn't stay it they increased it to you ? —No. Mr Ferrington offered to give evidence as to the change of tenancy, but the B nch agreed to take his statement. He then said that his firm a months ago bad prepared an agreement for re- letting the house to Mr Innes, but, when the license was objected to, he naturally said he must be released, because he wauled the licensed house He was prepared to pay considerably more rent than Mrs Griffiths was paying, but the question was in abeyance pending the result of these pro- ceedings. mr ferrington observed that at: the present time justices are chiefly disposed to favour free houses, such as the Foxes, against the brewers' houses, and here was a unique opportun- ity, so far as the borough of Welshpool was con- cerned, of showing that their Worihips are on the side of the free house as against the tied house. After the Bench had retired fifteen minutes, the Mayor said they had come to the decision that the house is not required. Therefore the matter would he referred to the Compensation Authority. Of course, the license would be in the meantime granted.
Cheap Tailoring at Forden,
Cheap Tailoring at Forden, AN IRISHMAN'S EXPERIENCES. Early last December a tramping tailor entered Forden Workhouse, and last Wednesday Master Walter Do-vnes reported that he had done a good deal of work, and the man respectfully asked the Boara vo give him something, as he was taking his discharge. 9, Boara vo give him something, as he was taking his discharge. He has been a very good man," said the Master. He came over to England last summer He is an Irishman and couldn't get work in Ireland—(laughter)—so be told me-and he came to England—and thought he would have a better chance. He found things worse than they were in Ire- land-(laughter)-and he wants to get back to Ireland (more laughter). ^•r J°bn Edwards: Has he done more work than his food was worth ?—Oh, yes. I should say that what the man has done would have cost us nearly X12 or perhaps more. At. least, when the small pox was about, we paid 4s and 5s a day to a man as (iidn't do as much as this man does. Ur William Humphreys: I propose that we give him 10s. Mr John Pryce Jones: Oh! I propose that we give him J51, and let the man get to Ireland caee^ C°meS from (laugbter). It's a bona fid« The Master: I was going to ask the Board to give him 25s. The Chairman (Mr William Pritchard): He can go to Dublin for .£1. Mr Edwards: I think it will be an encourage- ment to other tailors to come here (laughter). The Master: We get our tailoring done by those men. Mr Edwards: It's to their advantage or they wouldn't stay here The Board decided to grant the Irishman Xi.
[No title]
For Chronic Chest Complaints, Woods' t'eat ^roerain Cure. 1/1,1, 219. With a prize list amounting in value to over ■ £ 2,000, the Shire Hurse Show opened at the Agri- cultural Hall. uamage estimated at 4230,000 was done by a fire which destroyed a big jute warehouse at the Mil wall Docks. Two young men ventured on the ice which covers the reservoir close to the Welsh Harp, at Hendon, and were drowned, in spite of gallant efforts made to rescue them. For Influenza take Woods' Great Permanent Cure. Never fails. 1/lt, 2/9.
I"A HEALTHY STATE."
"A HEALTHY STATE." Forden Council and the Armnat Sanitary Review. Wanted: A Watchful Eye. The most substantial item on the agenda of the Forden Rural Council, last Wednesday, was the annual report fr"m the Medical Officer of Health (Dr. R. D. Thomas, Welshpool). It stated t.h,tt, during 1908 130 births and 93 deaths were registered, a natural increase of 47 c .mpared with 61 in 1907, 27 in 1906, and 62 in 1905. The birth rate, 22.4 per 1000, was lower than the average for tue whole of England and Wales. 26 3, which wa3 a matter of great regret, esp'.ci",lI y in a rural district where generally the ferti!ity nf wives is about 7 per cent greater than that ..f wives in towns, though the consoling fact remains—the proportionate decrease of illegitimate births. The death rate per 1000 was 14 1, compared with 15.0 per 1000 for the whole of England and n ales. This rate was satisfactory n. comparison with that of 1907, 16 2, and was identical with the average of past twenty years. Of the 93 deaths, 65 were upwards of 70, 19 upwards of 80, and 5 upwards of 9a "This table is very significant, and speaks well for the healthy condition of the district, and from the longevity pilint of view it compares most favourably with Hny other rural district in the Kingdom, and should he an induce- ment to people to come and reside in the district. should they desire to live beyond the usual allotted span of life." -[,Ifr John Edwards. Held re Hear, hear]. Seven children died before attaining the age of one year, an infantile death rate of 53,8 per lOOO births registered. This compared very satis- factorily with 100.9 for 1907, and 87.5 the average for the twenty years. 1889-1908. and 118 per 1000 for the whole of England and Wales. There was a marked deciease of infant mortality throughout the country. THAT DREAD DISEASE, TUBERCULOSIS, accounted for five deaths as against eight deaths in 1907. On January 1st there came into force a Local Government Board Order, under which pulmonary tuberculosis was made a cfimpulsorily notifiable disease so far as poor-law administration was concerned. This Order gave the Council, on the advice cf their Medical Officer, p')wer to take such steps for preventing the spread of pulmonary tuberculosis that they already possessed under the Public Health Acts. = Berriew School water supply has been tor some years under consideration, and is still unaccomplished, and as pure water is of vital importance, both for drinking and flushing purposes, I cannot too strongly advise the Council to take extreme measures under the Public Health Water Supply Act of 1872, and suggest: 1. To obtain from a source outside the village, by sinking a well in a safe position, free from pollution, and connect it with the school, or 2. Utilization of upland springs by gravita- tion. The water supply of the whole of Berriew Village must be looked upon with suspicion on account of position of wells to the source of pollution. There is no sewage system; the houses are scattered even in the largest village within the dintrict which contains only thirty-four houses. The system generally in use is that of ordinary privies of earth closets, which are sufficient and effectual, and generally used in rural districts. Some general improvements have been made in village property within the district, mostly in repairs, though a considerable number are in a dilapidated condition, and almost. IMPOSSIBLE TO ADJUST TO MODERN SANITATION. No new houses are built, and there is no doubt but that better housing would have a material effect on the inhabitants, mentally and physically. A general inspection of the district has been made, and the cases reported to the Council by the Inspector were chiefly those of defective roofs of dwelling houses, defective drainage and lack of sanitary accommodation. and in- these cases steps were taken to remedy the defects by owners without the necessity of further action being taken. In most cases the defects were remedied without the necessity of reporting to the Council. There is one place registered under the Dairies Order, that of Mr Parry. Cilgwrgan, Llonmerewig. It has been inspected. The improvements sug- gested have chiefly been carried out. The sanit- ary condition ot the premises were satisfactory, and the vessels were apparently kept clean. In view of only one place being registered the Council have not adopted the Act in the district, having statutory powers under the 1874 Act to deal with such matters. It cannot, however, be too strongly impressed upon the necessity of keeping the dairies clean and well ventilated. The same remarks apply also to cowsheds, where cattle are usually kept too closely together. As milk is the staple food for all ages, and is the principal food for infants and old age, and so easily contaminated, the hands of the milkers and udders of cows should be kept clean. In fact I think COWS SHOULD BE MORE GROOMED than is usually the case. A watchful eye should be kept on diseases particularly tubercular, that is personal cleanliness on the part of milkers and clean cows, and cows free from tuberculosis. As the district is purely agricultural, there are only two places registered under the Factory and Workahops Act, 1901: (1) Mr Lee, Bakehouse, Bausley (2) Mr Twist, tailor, Middletown each employing only one hand. The ventilation is good, cubic space sufficient, so also is light and drainage, -oofing and flooring. Duringmysppaial and periodical inspection of the district, I noticed several improvements in sanitary matters, and the condition of the district altogether is highly satisfactory. J The first general inspection of school children has been made, and there are many matters in which iiystematic inspection is bound to be of in- estimable value, provided the parents are willing t« do their duty when their attention is called to defects. The corrected defects of childhood will Dear fruit in man and womanhood. With regard to the general cause of death and the low death-rate, undoubtedly the favourable climatic condition of last summer had a salutary effect. It is noteworthy to observe again that this year old age headed the list with 17 deaths. Next in order came heart disease, 7; cancer, 6 tuberculosis, 5; influenza. 4. The district is to I I oe congratulated on tbe sanitary and healthy con- dition, generally, and the year again fairly free as regards notifiable infeotous diseases. Mr John Edwards described the report as excellent, and thought they were in a healthy state as a Council. He moved a vote of thanks to the Doctor, and hoped they would be able to carry on as they had in the past. The Chairman (Mr J. T. Ward) seconded the motion, which was adopted unanimously. The Rev D. E. Rowlands (vicar of Middletown) asked was there any cheap way by which the owner of a SUSPECTED TUBERCULAR COW could have the animal examined ? The Medical Officer: There are no inspectors ia the county yet. The Clerk We have certain powers under the Order of 1885. Under the Act our Sanitary Inspector can insist on certain regulations being carried out, and if there is any cow to the know- ledge of the Council or of the Inspector suffering from tuberculosis there are certain regulations with regard to the milk. It is net to be used for hnman food, and it is not even to be used for pigs usless it is boiled first. I don't think it is an easy matter to detect whether a cow is suffering- from tuberculosis. It needs an expeit The Rev D. E Rowlands; Don't you think it would be advisable to apnoint a veterinary inspector ? The Medical Officer I think it is a matter for thlt1 County Council, and it has been under their notice. Mr Percival Hurlbutt: It would be a very expensive and difficult job, because the only wav is by innoeulation. I have had a great deal of experience, and I don't think it is a certain test. x I S." R°1iands There is so very much talk about the matter Wa U «• VV.& vLlcklj lb IS line great way in which consumption is brought on, and yet we seem quite helpless to find out whether a cow is tuberculose or not. The Medical Officer: I think the usual method now is not by innoculation, which has been proved mv T6r' exPen8^V6< but by isolation. ,^P«t raa adopted, and Dr. Thomas was re-elected, Mr Edward Davies describing him a» »a ideal medical officer of health.