The Pembroke County Guardian and Cardigan Reporter

EFENGYL NEWYDD SOSIALAETH. Mae yn destyn llawenydd i bob dyngarwr: waied arwyddion amlwg fod cenhedloedd y (u.eai yn ymddeffroi: mae yn hen bryd: grcsyn na buasent wedi ymddeffroi lawer yn gynt. Gimeir cymdeithas i fyny o unigolion, a cbenedl o gymdeithasau, a'r ddynoliaeth o'r cWbl. Fel ag y mae cenedl yn fwy na'r uni- g;n, mae'r ddynoliaeth yn fwy na'r genedl. Mae yn ddigon naturiol i ddyn garu ei hunan, ac y mae yr un mor naturiol iddo garu ei wlad a'i genedl ei hunan. "Cas gwr na chare y wlad a'i macco." Yr elfen gyntaf a'r bwyaicaf mevrn dyngarwch ydyw cenedlgarwch. Y mae coL-c-ul nad yw yn anrhydeddu ei hunain yn genedl farw, ac nid all garu na llesau y ddynol- iaeth yn gyffredinol. Y genedl fwyaf gwlad- garol yw y fwyaf ddyngarol; dyna paham y hkh.0 dyugarwyr yn llawenhau wrth weled cen- hixlloedd y ddaear yn ymddeffroi. O'r diwedd mae Cymru yn ymddeffroi. Wedi cysgu mor hir, nes yr oedd agos a cholli gwas- anaeth ei haelodau, y mae yn agor ei llygaid ac yn caiifo4 ei hunan mewn caethiwed, gwladol a chrefyddol. Wrth geisio symud ei haelodau, y mae yn teimlo fod llyfetheinau trormes yn dyn a thrwm am danynt, ac lau caethiwed yn dorchau gwaedlyd am ei henaid. Yn yr olwg ar ei chyfiwr, ac yn y teimlad chwerw o'i cham a'i chaetlliwed, y mae ei myn- wes yn chwyddo, a'i gwaed yn ymdaflu yn gyflymach drwy ei gwythienau: ac er gwaethaf ei ciiadwyni, neida ar ei tliraed, fel cawr o i a bloeddia yn ddigon uehel i'r holl deyr- nas ei chlywed—Cymru fu, Cymru sydd, Cym- ru fydd." Y mae o'r pwys mwyaf i'r rhai sydd yn blaenori ac yn arwain y genedl i feddu ar syn- iadau egli-ir o'r pethau sydd arnom fel cenedl angen am danynt, ac o'r pethau y mynir eu cael, er mwvn enill i'r wlad y lies mwyaf ag syln bosibl drwy ysbrydoliaeth y brwdfrydedd comedlaotliol. Bu Cymru yn dlawd a gorth- rymedig v mae Cymru yn awr, i raddau pell, mfgis cvnt. Fel mewn drych, gellir gweled y mynedol yn y presenol; a golwg dorcalonus yn ddiau ydyw. A fydd golwg well ar Gymru Fydd i'r cenedlaethau a ddaw ar ei hoi? Dywedir fod digwyddiadau dyfodol yn taflu eu cysgod- au o'u blaen. A oes arwyddion o bethau gwell i ddyfod i'w canfod yn y presenul? Mae beirdd a dyngarwr yn breuddwydio am well sefyllfa i'r bobl yn gyffredinol-fyllfa o ryddid a chyd- raddoldeb, gwladol a chrefyddol—sefyllfa uwch- law tlodi i bawb. A ellir edrych ar y gobeithion anwyl hyn fel blae.nbrawf o'r hyn a sylweddolir yc. yr aroser a ddaw ? SUT UN FYDD CYMRU FYDD? Fath olwg fydd ami? Beth fydd ei sefyllfa? Ar hyn o bryd, fel ) n yr amser a aeth heibio, y mae sefyllfa cenedl y Cymry,-a holl genlied- loead y byd, o ran hyny,—yn wreiddiol ddrwg. Beth amser yn ol, yr oedd y werin-bobl yn gaethion i allu; yn awr y maent yn gaethion i aur—i gyfoeth..Tybir gan lawer ein bod yn byw mewn rhyddid; ond pa ryddid sydd gan y truan sydd yn gorfod "Dwyn ei geiniog dan gwynaw,- Rhoi angen un rhwng y naw." Pa ryddid. meddaf, ond rhyddid y caethwas i wasanaethu ei feistr, neu ryddid i farw o newyn? Mae pob gwas, a phob morwyn, a pLJb llafurwr a gweithiwr, yn gaethion gwir- ioneddol mewn pob ystyr ond mewn enw. Edrychwch ar gyflwr y glowyr a'r chwarelwyr a'r crefftwyr, hyd yn nod y rhai goreu o hon- ynt,—ac am y llafurwyr amaethyddol, onid yw, mewn gwirionedd, yn'druenus a thorcalonus? Mae yr amaethwr yn aredig a hau, a medi, a rhywun arall yn mwynhau y ffrwyth, heb wneyd dim yn y byd i'w gynyrchu. "Gresyn fod gormod o'i gur Er dwyn saig i'r dyn segur." Ikiue y glowr, mewn peryglon mawr, yn codi y glo ;r lan i rywun arall i'w werthu a mwyn- hau y tal. tra y mae ef ei hun, yn ami, yn rhynu mewn carpiau, heb ddim haner digon o fwyd iddo ei hun a'i blant.—O'r "Geniaen," a'r. r»ylchgrav.'n C-enedlaethol.

Cerddoriaeth y Pwlpud." o" Xadolig, yn nghapel y Bedyddwyr yn I Solfach, traddododd y Parch. Cynon Evans, G & L., ei ddarlith boblogaidd ar "Gerddor- iaeth y Pwlpud." Bu Mr. Evans yn darlithio ar y testyn hwn yn yr un He ryw fiwyddyn yn ol; a rhoddodd gymaint boddlonrwydd y pryd hynny nes penderfynodd y brodyr ei alw drach- efn. er rhoddi mantais i'r rhai nad oedd yn bresenol o'r blaen i'w glywed, ac wrth edrych ar niier y gynulleidfa oedd yno y noson hon gwnaethant yn ddoeth iawn. Wrth agor ei ddarlith, dangosodd Mr. Evans fod Cymru wedi ei breintio a rhodd fawT Duw yn .i phregethwyr y tu hwnt i unrhyw wlad aT" dan yr haul. Yna eglurodd yr hen "hwyl" Gymreig, neu y ddawn neillduol oedd gan ein hen bregethwyr i gyhoeddi eu cenadwri. I egluro hyn adroddodd ddarnau o'u pregethau yn yr un swn. a'r un oslef a'r pregethwyr a fyddai o dan sylw ganddo ar y pryd. Gwelir "dawn," goslef, neu "gerddoriaeth" yr enwog John Jones o DaLarn, wrth bregethu wedi ei ysgrifenu yn y Solfa ar ddiwedd ei gofiant ddi- gymar gan y diweddar Ddr. Owen Thomas, a ryfedd mor effeithiol oedd swn a phregeth yr hen John Jones yn ngenau Mr. Evans. Mwy hapus, o bosibl, oedd ei efelychiad o Edward Mathaws, 00'1' Ewenny; "Owen Glandwr," fel y bydd pobl Sir Benfro yn ei adnabod; Myfyr Emlyn, Kilsby, ac eraill. Ac i goroni yr oil daeth a'r hen Roberts o Lwynhendy i'r pwlpud, a dynwaredodd y gwr mawr poblogaidd hwn, a'i udgorn arian bron i berffeithrwydd. Treuliasom felly Tyw ddwy awr ddifyr ac addysgiadol dros ben. Os byth y daw y darlith- iwr hwn i'n cymydogaethau eto y mae yn siwr o gael derbyniad gwresog iawn. Gan gofio, wrth orphen, i Mr. Evans yr ydym yn ddyledus am yr hen don "Diadem." Pan oedd Mr. Evans yn weinidog yn Ngilgerran, daeth un o'r brodyr a'r hen don iddo er ei thaclu a'i threfnu, a'i thrwsio i raglen Cyman- fa Ganu, Penybryn. Golwg wael ddiaddurn yn ei bratiau, heb hanner ei gwisgo, oedd ar yr hen lances pan gafodd Mr. Evans hi. Ond o dar ei law gelfydd traws-ffurfiwyd a gwedd- newidiwyd' hi, a daeth allan yn Ngymanfa Penbyryn yn ei gwisg newydd fel priodasferch. Mor ar.iderchog ydoedd yr adeg honno fel y syrthiodd gwr ieuanc o Solfach mewn caTiad a hi, a dvgodd hi ar garlam i'r Gymanfa Undebol yno. Erbyn hyn y mae wedi ei hargraphu ar gannoedd o raglenni cymmanfaoedd canu dros yr oil o Gymru. Yr oedd Mr. Evans yn rhy wylaidd i osod ei enw wrthi, hyd yn oed fel trsfnwr, ac ar y dechreu argraphwyd y don heb yr un enw; ond cyn hir gwelwyd, er syndod, I enw gwr arall wrthi. Rhag. 31, 1907. H. W. E.

Yr Ysgol Sabbothol. Yr Ysgol Sabbothol a yrodd ar ffo Yr hen ofer-goelion oe'nt gynt yn ein bro, Diddymodd chwareuon llygredig o'n mysg, Dyrchafodd ein cenedl mewn crefydd a dysg; O'r tryblith anfoesol—gwaith oesau y fall Gwnaeth Gymru fel Eden, trwy lafur diball; Lie bynag y sangodd eur-wadnau ei thraed, Daeth heddwch. lie gwelwyd rhyfeloedd a gwaed. ¡'r;. Ei Uyfr yw'r Beibl yn mhob iaith a gwlad, Gytrana ei 4iaddysg yn mhob man yn rhad; Bu'n gyfrwng cyn yma i godi rhyw lu 0 ganol dinodedd i urddas a bri; Ca'r athraw gofalus-astudiwr y gair Wobrwyon helaethach nag arian ac aur,— Rhydd Bamwr y bydoedd o'i orsedd fawr, wen Hardd goron cyfiawnder yn gylch am ei ben! Trelettert. L. PHILLIPS.

TAN TYWARCH. Tan tywarch y 'betyn' tawel,—llosga'n Llesg-ond y dan ufel; Ac i'r tir maith wrtaith el 0 gynnwys y llosg anwel. Ian tywarch tewyn teiau,—a gwljdig Aelwydydd mewn eisiau; Cynhesydd y cynoesau Mximl ddydd syn ymbruddhau. T. PHILLIPS (Glan Syfaau). Ros^busl*.

Ffarwel a Chroesaw. 1907. Fiarwel Hen Flwyddyn anwyl, Ymadael raid i ni. Ond aros byth ar lechau'r cof A wna'th ysgrifen di; Dy hanes nid a'n anghof, Ac ni raid sibrwd p'am Wrth neb a deimlodd oerni'th law'n Cau beddrod Tad neu Fam. 1908. Croesawu'r Fiwyddyn Xewydd Wnawn heddyw'n iach a lion, Heb wybod pa gyfrinion mawr Sy'n nythu dan ei bron; Os byw,-cawn axiiser dedwydd Wrth geisio rhodio'n well, Os marw,—Blwyddyn Newydd Dda Y Tragwyddolfyd pell. BRYNACH.

Y Pared Glas. Pan oeddwn gynt yn fychan, Heb wybod maint y byd, Yn treulio'm blwyddi'n ddiddan Yng nghylchoedd per fy ngliryd, Fy ngolwg daflwn weithiau 0 fuarth ty fy nhad, A gwelwn draw mi dybiwn, Derfynnau eitha'r wlad. Y byd a'r nef feddyliwn A gwrddent draw ynghyd, A'r awyr las a dybiwn Oedd bared hardd i'r byd. Ac mewn dyddordeb syllais I'r gorwel lawer awr; Rhoi'm llaw oedd fy uchelgais Ar lesni'r pared mawr. Ac O! fel yr hiraethwn Am wel'd fy ngham yn hwy; I bendraw'r byd y rhedwn A nol mhen awr neu ddwy. Yn llaw fy nhad cychwynais Un boreu'n lion fy mryd, I daith, yn wir a dybiais, Ddiweddai 'mhared byd. Fel dringem i ryw lechwedd Y tybiai3 fod cyn hyn, Y pared yn ei ddiwedd, Mi frysiwn rhago i'n syn; Fy nhad oedd arna i'n gwenu— Difyrwch ar ei ael; A minnau 'mlaen yn tynnu At bared glas diffael. Ond O! y profiad hynnod!- Y weledigaeth fawr!- A'r bythgotiadwy syndod Bdaeth drosof fl yn awr. Y pared glas giliasai Ym mhellach nag erioed, A newydd engderau Orweddent wrth fy nhroed. Freuddwydlon per fy mebyd! Deffroes o honynt hwy, Datguddiwyd i'm eangfryd Dan lenni nefoedd fwy. 0 ben pob bryn y gwelaf Fynyddoedd mwy tudraw, v A'r golygfcydd hyfrydaf Yn llfcdu ar bob llaw. With frysio gynt yn. vvr<j] At orwel glaer fy ffydd, Os na ehes bared hudol, Eangodd glas fy nydd. A chilio mae'm gorwelau 0 hynny hyd yn awr. Fel dringaf i gopaau Llcchweddau ban y llawr. Y meddwl fel y llygad A genfydd fydoedd gwell; Gorwelau ei welediad, A gerddant byth y Gwybodaeth yn ddiddiwedd Amgylcha fydoedd mwy, A nerthol yw cyfaredd Eu dwfn gyfriniaeth hwy. Penodau yw'r gorwelau Yng ngallu dynol ryw; Xi welir byth derfynau Hen gyfandiroedd Duw; Ond teimlwn gyda'r awel Eu perarogledd hwy, A byth tuhwnt i'r gorwel, Ceir rhyfeddodau mwy. Glais, Cwm Tawe. TYWI.

Sir Benfro. or Ddyfed holf: mor fyw yw'th hedd Wrth ymdaith drwy'r canrifoedd, Mae urddas Dwyfol yn dy wedd A Duw yn 'mysg dy bobloedd; Dy feusydd fuont lawer tro Dan lygaid y gelynion, Dyfeisient sut oedd cael dy fro Yn noddia i'w dichellion. Teyrngarwch sydd o fewn dy dir I Arglwydd Dduw y lluoedd, A nodded ynot gaed i'r gwir Er garwed y tymhes tloedd Mae'th waed yn bur, a'th fron ar dan Yn ymdaith siroedd Cymru Anfarwol ydyw swyn dy gan— Rhyw nefoedd yw dy garu. Y tadau fuont ar dy fron Yn nhan y diwygiadau. A ganant heddyw'n iach a lion Uwchben dy ddadblygiadau: Ysbrydiaith ga'r gwroniaid sydd Yn symud yn dy gynnydd, A gwelir baner 'Cymru fydd' Yn ysbryd gylch dy lennydd. Mae'th 'gyngor' dy yn fwy nas gall 'Balfouriaeth' byth ei dorri, Xi welwyd ef yn myn'd fel dall Heb weled y goleuni; Mae'i gr'o'n iach. a'i farn yn bur, Fel dy wfoniaid ffyddlon. Fe waedai dan ei groes a'i gur, Cyn byth bradychai'th galon. Dy gri o"hyd yw 'Rhyddid barn' O'r bwthyn hyd y Senedd, A gwneyd 'Ceidwadaeth' dall yn sarn 0 flaen dy feibion glanwedd, Mae'th dawn a'th ddysg yn flamio tan, Trwy wersyll gwyllt y gelyn, < Use Duw yn lion dy grefydd lan, Medd yspryd 'Myfyr Emlyn.' i Paid mwy cymylu barn y byd Am ragoriaethau'th bywyd, Ond, cofia'n wastad roi dy bryd Ar fryn tragwyddol wynfyd;" Dy egwyddorion fo'n rhoi budd I gulni dall enwadaeth, A Duw o hyd, a salmau hedd. Yn seinio 'Buddugoliaeth.' Bu yspryd Duw o fewn dy fron Yn fflamio dy allorau, Amlvged eto'r flwyddyn hon Ei rymus ddylanwadau, Mae eto le i'r Yspryd Glan I ysgwyd llawer gwersyll A gwneyd eglwysi'r Sir ar dan- All ddifa pob peth erchyll. O! Ddyfed hoff! Paid gweinio'th gledd, Clyw ysbryd y deSroad, Trwy Gymru i gyd yn hawlio hedd, A'r byd yn eiddo'r Ceidwad; Dy feusydd gochwyd gynt a gwaed Dy ddewricn a'th anwyliaid Sydd heddyw'n gwaeddu dan dy draed, '0 parclia'r Crist Bendigaid.' D. BASSETT. Penparc. Aberteifi. PUMLUMON. Wybrenol deyrn y bryniau,-mal eofn Himalaya'r Dehau, Yn wgus sy'n agoshau Hyd oror y nef-dyrau. 'E wisga'i dlos wasgol lwyd,-iw ben hardd Rhoi'r cab niwl rhag anwyd; Mewn urddas ei "bum' gwas" gwyd I'w gorsedd uwch dig arswyd. Y Llyfnant, mewn dull ofnog,—y Rheidiol, A'r wiwder Glywedog,— Ye HafTen a'r Wy wifrog,— Reda'n glir o dan ei glog. Unbenaeth annibynol,—a'i urddas Mewn harddwch amrywiol; Adrodda frud Derwyddol, A swyn hardd, hen oesau'n ol. Cywir degwch Ceredigion—ydyw; Daw adeg a'n deilchion, Pellha 'i fri, palla ei fma, A llama ei "Bum' Llunotn." ARIANGLAWDD. YR EPA. Diraidus, hapus Epa,—ei wedd ef I ddyn ymdebyga; Ckwim hyd goed erioed yr a,— Yn gynffonog hwn ffyna. E. NICHOLSON JONES.

THE RURAL EXODUS. Sir,—I have read with interest the paper by Mr. Reynolds, also the two letters of the prac- tical agriculturists. I was surprised to see Mr. Reynolds state that the tied house system does not exist in Pembrokeshire. 1 should ad- vise him to get a day off and try to find a farm of any size that is not worked by the bound tenant system. As I happen to be the son of cne, may I give my practical experience of the rural exodus. Take an average bound tenant's son, and a farmer's son (say) 20 years back, and follow their careers. In 'he elementary school they ',He equal; there was no caste, they were simply schoolmates. The farmer's son may stop in school until he is fourteen or fifteen, then he must go to a higher one; but before going the usual consultation of ways and means takes place. It is generally decided to do with a man less and hire a lad at £3 or Z4, and on the difference of the wages the son is kept at school. Well, what becomes of the man who is displaced by the lad? He is not asked to stop on; is scarcely spoken to civilly for a month before the fair. He will have to go there and try to hire. Probably there are other farmers sending their sons to school be- side his late master. It is quite possible that he does not find a place to suit him. He will have to leave his house at the end of his term; perhaps he might be able to get a free house, but there will be no work for him on a farm, as a free hand is not wanted. If he has a pound or so by him he will make for Gla- morganshire. After finding work and earning enough money he will come back for his wife and children. By that simple process alone our county has lost some hundreds of her agricultural labourers this last twenty years. Take the lad next. His pay is between P,3 and £ 4. He gets his lb. of butter, gib. sugar, plenty of rusty bacon, bread, and potatoes. These constitute his sole menu for twelve months, with perhaps some of the cheapest chicory for breakfast. His sleeping room does not excel a pig-stye for comfort. On the ma- jority of the farms the only furniture is a four-post bed and his own clothes-box; perhaps there may be a glass window-as often as not it is only a wooden shutter. The floor may be swept once a week, and the bed made. He will have to dry his wet clothes on him before the kitchen fire. I have not met a place yet where there was a fire. It has been my lot to meet with a place that had two beams over one end of the stable. On the beams a few planks were laid, with the usual four-post bed. It was not boatcleq off from tho stable, but there were certain steps-viz., tr .^frer. top of stall, top of hay-rack, with a to cdmb through, to reach those luxurious quarters. There are many quite as bad, but perhaps the less said of them the better. These ought to be matters for our sanitary inspectors. Well, what becomes of the farmer's son? He puts in five or six terms at a grammar or secondary school. Having learned to play a gama of hockey, perhaps he is able to construe a few words of Latin; then he has finished his education. He will not look at his school- mates—his one-time equals, very often hi:; superiors in learning. No; he belongs to a higher caste. No more cheeky and worthless animal than he in the universe (vide "E.J.J.'s" letter). His next want is a hunter to go after the hounds and have a bit of sport, though he fails to support it (vide "M. F. H.'s" letter). He can call up the loy any time of night to attend to his horse, after the boy has done a hard day's work on the farm. No wonder they become disgusted with farm work. From boy- hood to manhood, generally changing places yearly; perhaps the second year out he is put on full rations: lib. sugar, lib. butter. If he fails to make it last the weeks and asks for more, his mistress wants to know if he has been greasing his boots with it. Perhaps he has no appetite for bacon, living solely on bread and butter. If he finds things better on one farm than another and can get his wages he stays on agaia. Such is life on a farm as I found it, and so on until manhood is reached, unless the navy or army attract him, or some better position. My schoolmates are scattered all over the world: on the prairies of Western Canada, U.S.A., Mexico, Egypt, India, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. A few found their last resting-place there in the war. After reaching manhood, should he decide I to get married and start life on a farm, what are his prospects? He may have his £5 and his bicycle, and she her silks and satins, perhaps £2 or £3 as well. Have the farmer's son and daughter 'saved as much from their own labour? I do not think so. Well, taking into consideration the life a bound tenant leads from P,8 to zElO would be enough for furnish- ing, as they will be on the wheels almost every year, and the less the better for that operation. He will be bound for one year, his pay from £ 10 to P,12, with his house and garden; his average hours of labour 70 to 76. The usual bound tenant's house consists of two rooms, perhaps half loft over one, unplastered walls, and very often insanitary floors; wash-house, bakehouse, and store-house; living and sleep- ing quarters combined. I should think Mr. E. J. J. has never spent a night in one, say. after baking. Let him do so before accusing others of laziness, and let us know if he is fit for work the next two or three clays. Of course,* there is a pig-stye, generally at the end, or under the window. I suppose that would not endanger his health if he kept a pig there. The garden may be a good one; frequently it is over-run with weeds such as couch; there may be a few gooseberry bushes, after the nature of furze, choked with couch. What shall the bound tenant do with such a place, always bearing in mind that his tenure finishes at Michaelmas? He dare not plant a tree nor any crop that would be in the ground after hi:, time is up Probably he will do the same as I have done many times-turn over a bit in the middle on moonlight nights during the winter, and plant a few potatoes, the only crop he is sure of. Not because he is not capable of cultivating anything else, but because he dare not. Such, then, is a bound tenant's home life. No better than a serf, ever ready to put his few sticks on wheels and off, to where there are better conditions of labour and freedom. In fact, I can count on one hand all that are on a farm now out of 100 schoolmates. (To be Continued.) Dear Sir,—As you have promised to put the working man's letters into good English I will do my best to give you my candid opinion on this important question. As a matter of fact, the agricultural labourer is unable to express his grievance in the press because he is unable to put his thoughts on paper; therefore let me thank you for your kindness in assisting this unprotected class. As an old agricultural labourer, over 60 years of age, I can go back a long way. and when I compare the time when I was a young boy on the farm, with tc-day, behold, what a change has come about! In the days of my youth all the farms were well staffed with strong and healthy men, born and bred on the land; and the majority of them had three or four acres of land adjoining their cottages to keep a cow or two. That is a great boon to the working man's family and to the country at large. But what do I see to-day? All the large farms that used to keep four or five strong men have reduced their hands down to one or two, and all the workmen's cottages in the rural dis- tricts are a heap of ruins. Everybody seems to be asking, what is the cause of all this change. Well, I think one of the chief causes is that the small farms, and the allotments that used to be the labourer's, have been added to the large farms. All the prominent farmers nowadays hold two or three farms, and I know one gentleman farmer who holds five farms; and with all this land in his possession he only employs one man and two or three young boys to cultivate all these farms. Therefore there is no demand for the labourer on the farms, and he is compelled to seek for work elsewhere. Naturally he turns his face to the coalfields and our large towns, which are already overcrowded, and in the long run he is forced to swell the army of the unemployed. I, know some people will say that they go to the coal mines simply because they get more money for their labour. Well, no doubt they do get more money, and they ought to be very thankful that the coal market is so flourishing to-day, because as things are at present the labourers are not wanted on the farms. But let me say here that life is not all a matter of £ s. d. with the agricultural la- bourer. He has been born on the land, and would like to live at home with his dear wife and children. He does not want to go away; he would prefer to work at home on much less money than what he gets in the coal mines, for the labourer loves his home. What is the remedy? This is the important question-the burning question of the day, and I think that the question has been ably answered by Mr. Isaiah Reynolds. In my opinion small holdings and allotments offer the only solution. The men would only be too glad to come back to the land, provided they get allotments and sanitary houses to live in. We must remember that this question is not a party conccrn, it is a national ques- tion; and as a rule this pariy i'ee'ing injures every reform. We have in Pembrokeshire Mr. Lort Williams and his colleagues going about the country offering Tariff Reform as a remedy. But, in my opinion, to put this forward as a remedy for the Rural Exodus is too absurd for words. I have no faith in the "Dear Food" party; therefore I rope and trust that the present Government will soon pass a practical land Bill without fear or favour.—Your; etc., A POOR WORKING MAN. St. Davids. Sir,—I take it that the "farming community know as much, if not more, about the causes and remedies of the above topic than any other class, and therefore anyone who reads "Labourer's Friend's" letter in this week's issue, in which he tries to refute the facts which I did say, and the way he brings in what 1 did not say, will at onc-e come to the conclusion that he is not an employer of agri- cultural labour to any great extent. His state- ments are altogether so far from being the correct version that to those who live in the country they need no comment, as I feel quite leitain that the majority of Pembrokeshire farmers will agree with my sentiments, however strange and inexplicable they may be to your numerous readers. The very gallant way in which he takes up the cudgels on behalf of the weaker sex at" once stamps him as a ladies' man'from tip to toe; but, however desirable a quality this is, it does not in any way increase his power of observation as to the true facts of the case we now have under discussion. Has "Labourer's Friend" been under the tuition of some suffragette or other? If the Allotments Act will become popular in the country I feel certain that your correspon- dent, E. Perkins, will lose a great deal of his holding, for, taking "L. F.'s" surmises as true, he is already in the Promised Land flow- ing with milk and honey-a fact which will make this plot a very desirable spot for allot- ments; whilst I remain in my uncultured domain, not blessed even with a daughter to smooth the path of life's rough way. E. J. J. caqnBMBMVMnMosMBaDMQBannnwnMai

OUR READERS' OPINIONS Correspondents are requested to write on one iide of the paper only. We do not hold ouTseWes responsible for the opinions expressed by correspondents in this column. Where letters are signed by a nom de plume, the name and $address of the sender must be furnished, not for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. Unless this rule is complied with. letters cannot be accepted

The County Education Authority. A Question for ULe Perplexed." Sir,-In your last issue, "One Perplexed" asks the question, "How is the existence of evil compatible with that of an infinitely per- fect Being?" This, in my opinion, is a most childish question, and I venture to offer "One Perplexed" a bit of friendly advice. First, I advise him to be careful before taking his pen, and consider his subject, so that he may write us something that would be worth reading. Secondly, I give him a question, and it is this. Is there really such a thing as evil in existence of itself, or is it simply the want of something (JIse-namely, good? If evil had never entered this world, how should we have known what good is ? If evil is only the absence of good, as darkness is of light, or cold is of heat, then "Perplexed One" may venture to take a dif- ferent view of the whole subject, and be more careful the next time he writes.—Yours, etc., JAMES PRICE.

Will you kindly allow me a little space in your widely circulated paper, to try and get a little information? In the balance-sheet of the Pembroke Dock Co-operative Society the directors state that "it cannot be too widely known what tlie.,f, have done in keeping the price of bread down." As I have heard dif- ferent statements and do not know which is right, I will just give one. About four months ago a deputation waited on the directors and implored them to join with them in raising the 4]b. loaf from 6d. to 7d., as the Oid. is too complicated to deal with. If this is correct, that means a rise of 3s. 4d. on El worth of bread. This is not only benefiting the mem- bers but the working class at large. Therefore I should like to ask the directors to clearly make it known if this is correct. Hoping I have not taken up too much space, A MEMBER. [Our correspondent does not make his point very clear. Does he wish the directors to state (1) that they did receive a deputation such as he states, and (2) that they declined to accede to their wishes?—ED.]

INFORMATION FOR EMIGRANTS. A new regulation provides that all emigrants landing in Canada until 15th February, 1908. must posfess$50 at the time of landing, and all arriving between 15th February and 1st April, 1903, must possess $25. They must in addition, in every case, have money for their inland railway fares, unless they can satisfy the emigration officers at the time of landing that they are going to already assured employ- ment immediately on arrival, or will be cared for by friends. The demand for labour is over for the season. In parts of the Eastern Provinces the supply of labour is now more than sufficient, owing to the thousands of persons who emigrated to Canada last summer from Grea.t Britain and the Continent, and to the recent arrival of large numbers of out-of- work mechanics and labourers from the United States in search of employment. No one, there- fore, should go to Canada in search of work during tiu vlnter. Persons wishing to go there should wait till April, but even then they should not start-especially those with young families-unless they go to take up engage- ments, or have enough money to live on till they find employment. The most interesting event which occurred last quarter affecting emigration to Australia was the increased assistance given to emigrants by Queensland. Not only have the rates for nominated passages have been reduced, but as- sisted passages at £5 a head continued for those with a little capital, but free and assisted passages are now given to agricultural la- bourers where the prospective employer pays £ 5, and to the wives and children of all the above emigrants, and to female domestic ser- vants. New South Wales continues to grant assisted passages at J26 and L8 to persons skilled in rural pursuits, and to female ser- vants at R3 to P-6; hundreds of such persons have already gone out on these terms. Wes- tern Australia continues to grant cheap as- sisted and nominated passages to approved emigrants, besides free farms of 160 acres. The chief demand throughout Australia is for fe- male servants and for men who can work on the land, such as farmers, fruit growers, farm labourers, dairymen, orchardists, vignerons, and men on sheep and cattle stations. Com- petent men of this class should not linger in the towns, but should go up country at once, where they will find work at good wages. After experience of the country for a year or two they will have opportunities of acquiring land for themselves, either by payment of rent, or by working on-the "shares" system. In New South Wales there is a demand also for hard ground miners, but not in the other States. In no part of Australia is there any pressing demand for mechanics, unless they are specially skilled; the best chances are for carpenters, masons, blacksmiths, and plasterers. Clerks, shop assistants, warehousemen, and profes- sional persons are advised not to go to Aus- tralia, unless they have situations awaiting them. The cost of living has somewhat in- creased of late throughout Australia. The Dominion of New Zealand grants re- duced passages to approved farmers, agricul- tural labourers, shepherds, woodcutters, and men able to milk cows and manage live stock, who possess iC25, and to female servants who will have C2 on landing. There is an excellent demand for all these classes. The local supply of mechanics is about equal to the demand, but skilled men would not have much dif- ficulty in procuring work if they could keep themselves while searching for it. There is a demand for female machinists and workers in the boot and clothing factories. In Natal the supply of white labour con- siderably exceeds the demand. Many skilled married mechanics, such as masons, brick- layers, carpents,. painters, etc., and a few unskilled labourers, are being given work by the Pietermaritzburg Town Council at 4s. a day, which is the usual wage of coloured labourers, whose places they take. No one would go to the Transvaal now m search of work. in view of the depressed state of the labour market, there is only a very remote possibility of employment being obtain- able, and, as the cost of subsistence is high, those having small means would speedily de- scend to a state of destitution. Over 500 white men are now being employed as an experiment on the drainage works at Johannesburg, earn- ing 5s. to 6s., and in some cases 10s. a day. A similar experiment is being made on railways, and white men are being found work at P,5 per month as assistants to gangers, platelayers, etc. Large numbers of men, especially carpen- ters, masons, bricklayers, and plasterers have lef, the Transvaal through inability to obtain work there. The dispute in the printing trade has been compromised by the reduction of wages to £ 5 10s. a week in place of Z5 15s. There is no demand whatever for the "handy- man," nor for shop assistants; and the number of clerks is excessive. There is a limited de- mand for female servants, the demand being mainly for house-parlourmaids, cooks, and cook-generals. Some assistance is given to female emigrants to the Orange River Colony. There is no de- mand whatever for anyone else, and many per- sons are out of work. Labouring work is done by Kaffirs. Miners and others should not go to Rhodesia, at the present time, unless they have work guaranteed them

■■ —^9— ■' THE LATE MR. HEDLEY GRIFFITHS Impressive Funeral at Pembroke. As we briefly announced in our last issue, general regret was felt in Pembroke and the surrounding district when it became known that Mr. Hedley Griffiths had expired on Wed- nesday evening after a very short illness. Mr. Griffiths was quite a young man, being only 30 years of age, and was the head of the iirm of Messrs. Griffiths, Bros, and Co., of the Pembroke Steam Brewery. He was most popu- lar among all classes, and his death came as a great shock to his many friends. On the Friday previous to his death he had been out shooting, and it was not until Sunday that he became seriously ill with pneumonia. He had been married about two years, and leaves a widow and one child, with whom much sympathy is felt in their bereavement. Mr. Griffiths was a member of the Castlemartin Lodge of Free- masons, and was also a lieutenant in the "E" Company of the 1st V.B. Welsh Regiment. The funeral took place on Saturday, and was a most impressive ceremony, both the volun- teers and the Freemasons mustering in large numbers to ph ow a last act of respect to the deceased, whilst in Main Street every blind was drawn, and huge crowds assembled in the streets and at the graveside. The funeral cor- tege started from deceased's house near the Town Hall. First came the firing party, 40 strong, from "E" Company, 1st V.B. Welsh Regiment, marching in two files with arms reversed, and being in command of Lieuti Norman D. Lowless. They were followed by the band of the regiment under Bandmaster T. James, who played Chopin's "March Fune- bre." Then came a detachment of the Pem- brokeshire Imperial Yeomanry, about 40 strong, and then a number of officers and non-com- missioned officers, including Major A. F. Beddoe, Capt. J. Loftus Adams, Surgeon Dr. W. R. E. Williams, Lieut. W. ] i, Bowling, Colour-Sergt.-Instructor Paish, < ■ »:our-Sergt. Graham, etc. Next followed the i'reemason.s wearing their regalia, and led by Dr. Hurrell Style, S.D., and Mr. S. Robinson (secretary) bearing white wands, and the whole party wearing sprigs of acacia. Besides the W.M. (Mr. T. Howells) and officers of the Castle- martin Lodge, there were a good many mem- bers present from the "Loyal Welsh" (Pem- broke Dock) and Neyland Lodges. Among others present were Messrs. R. D. Lowless, H. G. Truscott, G. Prothero Davies, W. T. Norris, J. Jones, J. W. Penney, A. H. Deane, W. A. Fraser, J. Roch George, G. Gwyther, W. Rees, D. Bryant, C. Harris, W. Owen, T. Owen, Percy Lewis, J. Upson, J. Humphreys, G. Manley, J. Collis, G. Young, J. Merriman, E. Roch, and M Nicholas. Then came the coffin borne upon a gun carriage (lent by the Wilts Regi- ment), and covered with the Union Jack, upon which were the deceased's helmet and accou- trements. The mourners were as follows First carriage, Mr. Dudley Griffiths, Mr. Ne- ville Griffiths, Mr. Osborne Griffiths (brothers), and Q.M.S. Taylor, R.E. (brother in-law). Second carriage: Mr. John Griffiths and Mr. Ll. Grif- fiths, Merrion, and Mr. Herbert Griffiths, Crick- mail (cousins); Mr. Pierce Griffiths, Bedstone, Salop (uncle). Third carriage: Mr. T. Thomas, Hermegate (brother-in-law); Mr. Peter Davies, Llandilo; Mr. F. J. Warren, Haverfordwest; Mr. L. James, Narberth; Mr. B. Gibbon, Kil- rath; and Mr. W. Davies (uncle). Then fol- lowed a number of the principal tradesmen and farmers in the locality. Among those pre- sent were Messrs. R. D. Gilbertson, R. Ormond, G. Price, Dr. Howard D. Reynalds, Messrs. V. Roberts, A. G. 0. Matthias, J. Roch (Linney), B. G. Roberts (Loveston), F. W. Merriman, E. G. Elford, F. Trindall, F. Page, E. LI. Simon, C. E.- Croft, R. McAlpine, D. Davies. J. Morris (Brownslade), J. S. W. Jones, C. Flutter, W. D. Evans, C. Worster (Lamphey), G. Teesdale, W. B. Cole, J. Ford, J. Matthias, W. Williams, J. Thomas, W. Gibbs (Porthclew), S. Howells, Herbert Jones, W. G. Roch, Roch Davies, J. Leigh, G. Young, H. T. Pratt, J. Brown, J. Brock, J. Watkins, I. Ward Davies, D H. Edwards, etc. The funeral procession took some time to ascend St. Daniel's Hill, on which it stretched from bottom to top. Ultimately, as the lofty cemetery was reached, the band struck up the "Dead March," and proceeded to the ancient church of St. Daniel's. At the door the coffin was met by the Rev. Canon Bowen (Monkton) and the Rev. C. Hayward Phillips (St. Mary's). The coffin was carried into the sanctuary and placed upon trestles, where it lay. with two lovely floral tokens upon it, a harp of violets I from his wife and a magnificent wreath from the colonel and officers of the 1st V.B. Welsh Regiment. The bearers were: Sergts. W. Hus- band, J. De Vaux, R. John, W. Morgan, Bowen, and W. King. The service in the church was a short one. At the graveside the Masonic service was read by Canon Bowen, Past-Grand Chaplain of England and Wales. As usual, deceased's apron was placed on the coffin in the grave, and each Brother dropped in the grave a sprig of acacia, "the emblem of the immortality of the soul." The hymn, "Deep sorrow now pervades our hearts," was rever- ently sung, and then the masons retired and the military came upon the scene once more. The customary three volleys were fired, and Bugler Lucas, of the Wilts Regiment, sounded the "Last Post." The coffin was of polished oak in an elm shel, with brass furniture. The inscription upon the plate was as follows: Hedley C. Griffiths. Died Jan. 1st, 1908. aged 30 years. The floral offerings were very numerous and beautiful. They included a violet harp, "From his sorrowing wife, Mary"; a wreath, "From Lil, Neville, Osborne, and Harry"; a wreath, "From Maggie and Di" (Swansea); a wreath, "From old pals, George, Bill, and Billy (Lon- don)"; a wreath, "From H. T. Pratt and family"; a wreath, "From Mr. and Mrs. G. Thomas (Tenby)"; a wreath, "From the em- ployes at the steam brewery"; a wreath, "From Mr. and Mrs. Boby"; a harp, "From Elsie, Gwennie, and Polly Davies"; a cross, "From Mr. and Mrs. Gilbertson"; a wreath, "From the colonel and officers of the 1st V.B. Welsh Regi- ment"; a wreath, "From Mr. and Mrs. J. S. W. Jones"; a wreath, "From Mr. Jenkins and family"; a wreath, "From Miss Beard (Ten- by)"; a wreath, "From Mr. and Mrs. Aspray (Swansea)"; a wreath, "From Tom and Ruby" a cross, "From the King's Arms family"; a cross, "From Mr. and Mrs. Hallett"; a wreath, "From Miss May Gilbertson"; a wreath, "From Mr. and Mrs. W. E. Slee"; a harp, "From Mr. T. Ford and family"; a harp, "From Mr. and Mrs. E. Ll. Simon"; and a wreath, "From Mr. Tom Barger (Pembroke Dock)."

JAMAICA ALARMED. The Kingston (Jamaica) correspondent of the "Evening Standard" wires:—A severe shock of earthquake was felt here a fef iiiinue4 after 8 o'clock on Thursday morning. It lasted 15 seconds, and was the worst shock experienced since the upheaval last January, when a great part of the city was destroyed, entailing a loss of over ixro million pounds, and numbers of lives were lost. The shock passed in a similar direction. The effect of it was that several old buildings were thrown down, but the new structures erected since last January stood firm. There was a small panic among the negroes. It is curious that almost exactly a year should have elapsed since the last great shock. Janu- ary seems to be a bad month for earthquakes. The Jamaica disaster was preceded by one in the South of Norway on January 10th, and an- other in the Sandwich Islands on the following day.

D; J.CoDis Browne"s 0 ,deft I TheORIGINALand ce of ONLY GENUINE, M Best Kemedy known for 8 Admitted by the-Profession MS PnnPUO flftl flQ Bill *llf fa t0 ^ost Valuable jga UilUuEluj uULLiU) nHf Remedy ever discovered. |ASTHMA,BRQNCHITIS>^M I II CONSUMPTION. TkooBlyraUiatfi" M iiill NEURAL6U. TOOTHACHE. M ^DiARRHOjA^ glpjlg GOUT, RHEUMATISM. M and :\iec1¡a! Tp.stl- DYSENTERY. Molly r.- "4. oottie. » I SOLD IN BOTTLES BY ALL t h. at 1 11f. 2/9, and 4/6 each, '< W. PHILLIPS; I COAL, HAY, AND POTATOE MERCHANT, NORTH BREWERY STREET. PEMBROKE DO OK- PRESENT PRICES Best Lydney Black Coal, 27/- per ton, delivered Five cwt. lots d livered in bags, 7s. Anthracite Coal, 27/- per ton. delivered Five cwt. lots for 7s. Culm and Slime, delivered at, per ton. Rough, 16/- der ton Hay, pricey on application. Oranges, Apples, Onions, &c. at Wholesale Prices, at per Barral, Box or Bag. i Potatoes, best quality, 5/- cwt. i Orders will oblig-e and receive best attention. I no26—52 F I REl FIRE!! t; Just arrived at Solva CARGOES OF BEST HOUSE & STEAM COAL I ALSO CULM. — = —. Apply to A. OWEN WILLIAMS, MERCHKNT, I ST. DAVIDS AND SOLVA. t no8- s r= T- -_o 6: GROVE HOTEL, Situated in its own Grounds t Good Stabling Accommodation for 60 Horses. Motor Garage and Pit. Good 0 centre for Shooting and Fishing (Trout). About 3,000 acres of Shooting Ground Wines, Spirits and Ales of the Best Quality BEST HOUSE FOR COMMERCIALS. FIRST CLASS CUISINE.—Further particulars, apply, PROPRIETOR, ja3-52, R. EWRKWKY. GUINEA eOSTUMES. § READY MADES, PICK THE STVlaE, tna.ll pieces, but from the rolls. 'Y OP SHADES IN STOCK. moM cwfis, shown in the windows for SALE! SALE!! SALE! Great Clearance Sale to make room for NEW SEASON'S GOODS now on at EVAN DAVIES, General Draper and Outfitter, LETTERSTON. Please Note :—This is a Genuine Sale, and not a lot of rubbish bought for the purpose of making one. Bargains in all Departments. A favour of a call will oblige. SEND YOUR PRINTING TO THE GUARDIAN' OFFICES. I ADVERTiSE IN THE I ¡ "COUNTY GUARDIAN." (' I SAY Oh, merchant, in thine hour of e e e, If on this paper you should e o c, Take our advice and now be y y y, Go straightway out and advert i i i; You'll find the project of same u a u, Neglect can offer 80 ex q f q. Be vtte at onee, prohaag your d a a 4 A silest fcvtfkness acton d k k k.