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. French Military Manoeuvres.

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(PrOtit Our Own Correspondent.) PARIS, Sbpte^ibeh 24. French Military Manoeuvres. judges follow the autumn I'^cifleuvreis year the French Army t^e' of France with a keen interest. bivouac life remains the same, and all litis 1Qc^ents connected' therewith are of the jpj^^y kind. For the first time, the authorities have adopted the new *rafCS ^"la^ the grouping of armies* The i« very simple. Hitherto the tjw- seEimed to ignore the combination of over forces; they spread their soldiers all Hat?ri toilers, and in due time co-ordi- y Iggg them for action. Tlie strategy of 0ctnsijS^> in the combinations of move- }D ^,e simultaneous co-operation of the « a,rm'es f°r the same end, in the ]R-?or' and made at the same moment. tiyjK de Freveinet repudiated these tJhg m depri^'d General Chanzy of exisfc' ITi0ans utilising the three armies 8 for the defence of the country. v Napoleon as General. 1. observed:—"Only Masseiva are capable of commanding an left y °^J-59,000 men." Now. when he He jlI6 Piemen for the invasion of Russia. \v;as ^.000 men. where only one in five -French sokiier. Bonaparte com- that Army individuully his generals ignorant of luis idea as of his They awaited orders, and. having Alt £ til-em. commenced their execution. i611* o'igatory military service makes of be one of masses, or, better still, Q| arm;es d'irected by one single a &e'Jer.d.lissimo, acting on the spot and or<^trs executed by the generals is, t an-ding eadi army. A modern army i&Jl'c:g l1ce, Ilo linger a uluc-k, bil- a bundle of United together, and that the com- st^J"in'c!hief kinds ajK-' unbinds as circurn- tlie p exaet. The generals are not exactly ^tatiants of the commander, but the t trf0''18 tho light, of his plan, and, t^ei? their m n responsibility to execute tsw- of the common end. That is de- lation at last. ^8 Present Commander-in-Chief. the commander-in-chief; hfig ji i.v .details of the Army organisation he tu^hn to do; he thinks, plans, and es- his immediate staff is sraa'.l—a a few assistants, and some tJ[) ()g. ~c*aJTip. They may be said to have no writing of dispatches, no W' duties. They form the brain of the At n' Such is the grand quarter-general. y technical functionary with General the director of the railways. The toy^1'n~is. no longer handicapped as to the working organisation. !^esSad ,caiml-T. soars over the the and combines the movements of thai trend to there concentrate. The German Manoeuvres. t^Vi>eSeilce t>be Emperor of Austria e Prince of Italy at the German ^^oeuvres has been responded to by 48(1^ her Minister of Foreign a,tr de Lobanoff, to join President talje ™ ^irecourt, <wdiere the final battle will s? e- Foreign Secretary H-auotaux 3X1 eveniDg closeted with M. de at Contrexeville, where, it may be Sitated °r nraiIted, alliance matters were tran- eclt; Tliat important diplomatic tit-for- &e P's&s the visit of London's Lord Mayor, tlig ^red Lord Salisbury closelv watches <^Stc +Trie' and, in connection with" the many i>{ jjjT'6 international questions, it is worthy i.. that Lord Duffcj'in lias had' to sacri- tli^ vacation and return to Paris. It ;s conduct of the Sultan that tbe present uncertainty; there are ban.eath the rock or his Majesty inot So and that in the long run tt* t'&rrQ'iQafce badly for Turkey. He may he will not have the last laugh. ta question becomes uglier the is looked into; the King of the Bel- 5,^i5 }vil! hav-e to pay dear for the murder, *e&« advau^e towards the Nile may be as put an end to. In fact, the 4n.. 1IIrtd-<Ba,y c-onduct of his Majesty's agents lle Congo will no<-v be closedy examined. -^5^ meets with no sympathy either in or Gsimany for the Stokes horror, vnff of King Leopold's abdication in the least affect the resolution of to exa^ct the nece^s^T ajneride from If the latter replies she lias noth- AVjji do with the Congo State the latter be wound up—but not to be. handed Viti ,tJ>0 Prance, as Germany and England stop in. ^6 Business at Seaside Resorts. tt$j ^easad^ resoi'te are coinmeucing to be deserte»d as they had been quiokiy returned to Paris state they badort so dear for iio'ies' called {ift jij. and at the seaside lociging-house ,Etx sacfecioth ard ashes at naving bad harvest. If visitors have only bfc aOu<,ra tiiiis season they may expect to tiig -ulie next. In the meantime let to buy its dead, while all are g ;<d to the old house at ho>rne, its nooks a 8ti^y hresnde. There is something sad in viilage when the first chill of autumn toe silken children of pleasure; down blinds, and shops put up ey re-call those shops "closed cU^ Ut>,lnt of a death." A greyish silence thj; ?^L"^iiEn monotony reign that beget in you of the creeps. The whole fa deserted boulevard; the k4r, to idLtrs is over. All the wild pic- tTie of Nature is being killed on Cj^^a&lKire of France by the "barbarities oi jjjjT/^tion. Pretty rock views and poetic w|^totttories are distiguij^ by every order of or cabin airchitecture, and i^fered still more unsightly by employment of polychrome and the painting of tbt heads of the proprietor and his family, g'Qedail, parti-coloured, as wall external J^Onents. Such is the mania for building befcure long, the whole sea. shore of be a sing'Ie street. Thus can be ^tcnod the desire once expressed by tha.t of appointing a commission to Nature's wildness from violation. "d Beverages and the Public Health. ^^emberi?, (the celebrated hygienic jT/T' is an authority on all that relates 3tufi a^d drink. He has, of late, directed to^kjj^taan to the vast mischief inflicted on Ci0i and morality by the adulterar- tif beverages; he has numerous analyses in the municipal laboratory, l!he Ves at the following conolusions: — dangerous of all the alcoholio those in which, "essences" are 38 ai>sinthe and anisette; the • »ut are the drinks fabricated with- with pure, industrial alcohol—- bitters, &c.—and aromatised itoxxeaji e aid of toxics; white are less ,treated wines; wines that have been ♦olerai-i snlphate of potash to the legal dl] even of two grains per litre and ,y wines are highly toxic. The doctor it is only at eighteen years of age we acquire a. taste for wine; that if water agrees with us, keep to it, and if Sine be desired, indulge in it but moderately. The Tip" Nuisance. r 01 all the agitations that periodically come an<j go, that for the abolition of tips to waiters is the most nonsenical, because it will never attain its end. In pre-historio time?—and in some of the back settlements, of France, still—the client's tip went into the waiter's pocket. But we have changed all that; the restawra,nt-keepev has to receive his share when the pewter vases into which the tips arc dropped by the waiter are opened a-t night. The waiters are neither paid wages, nor boarded, nor lodged; in some establish- ments they have actually to pay a bonus for their s'tuation. In the Duval Taverns the waitresses are subject to all these stringencies, yet many earn their 5f. to 7f. a day. The waiters, perhaps, are not so fortunate; they are bound to secure the proprietor at least 5 per cent, of the tips. The client, when he pays eight sous for his boch, or mug of beer, leaves two sous for the waiter a Frenchmen never gives more, no matter how many bochs he may order foreigners—Anglo-Saxons-— cannot ciimb down to that frugal generositv, hence they spoil the market. Abolish the tip system ? As well think of abolishing the Russian Alliance, or coaxing Emperor Wil- liam to restore Alsace. Were the nuisance abolished, the price of the drinks would be proportionately increased in due time the return to the tip system would come, but the run-up prices would never run down. Poli- tico! economists have never yet ex- plained how it happens that when a food necefsarv in Paris onoe ascends in price it never descends—"excelsior'' is the motto. This fact remains the same, nn matter whether Free Traders or Protectionists govern the country; it also serves to explain why citizens are hostile to international amuse- ments, better known as World's Fairs. The Water Supply of Paris. Citizens are in a better frame of mind since they have been re-tored the pipe water from toe country, and no longer compelled to consume the polluted water of the Seine. Shoit as was their condemnation to that beverage, it made not a few persons iRl, perhaps as much from imagination as from actual employment of the water. Despite the continuance of dry weather, the health of the city is excellent. Indeed, during the past season there were no complaints about the conduct of the microbe family; people give lets attention to them, and are all the better for so doing. Children in the Country. The school vacation colonies have been a rail success this year; at least 2,000 children of both sexes, the sickliest attending the municipal schools, have returned with positively new constitutions, after three or four weeks' rura.lising in the mountains and °W,'l plains of France. The municipal council is Occupied with a plan for the erec- tion of a sanatorium—a brain-rest home- where its teachers of five years' service would be sent for a few weeks to recruit their health. As a body, the teacher's of the primary schools of France are overworked, and the most fatiguing of their duties is the filling of tabulated returns for thq EdmeationaJ Ministry—and of no great importance to either philosophers or the public. The President's Position. President Faure has made his first grit speech on the winding up of the manoeuvres. Naturally, like every other head of a State, he eulogised his soldiers, and was proud of their appearance, before the foreign repre- sentatives and his "eminent friends"—Prince Lobanoff and General Dragomiroff, under- stood. And why not hug your ally, espe- cially when it will give pleasure to the nation > But it will not change in one iota the positions of the powers; when the con- flict, over-due, bursts, they are the un- rolling events that will rule. It is worth noting that the Franco-Russian programme now includes, as well as the maintenance of peace, "the equilibrium" of Europe. The present demonstration by Russia could well have for aim to mask the terrible condition of the expedition to Madagascar, which, if it fails, and it is to be hoped it will not, to arrive at Antananarivo in time, will shake the country and likely kill the Ministry.

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