The Montgomeryshire Express and Radnor Times

11 1 1. I- ki 1\1 I baking POWDER. o

THE HOME WOOL MARKET. The firmness of English wool continues unabated, and buyers do not expect to ob- tain concessions from holders. Purchases of moderate lots at full prices continue, and if a little extra quality is sought for, sellers benefit in price. Business on a large scale may be lacking, but this is counter-balanced by numerous moderate transactions and general steadiness in de- mand. Good fine wools command the best prices, and some amount of speculative attention is still directed to good wools of a cheaper class. Colonials wools gell well, and have been relatively dearer at the sales than in the manufacturing districts, thus serving to keep all classes of wool very firm in sympathy. Buyers naturally en- deavour to obtain some advantage, but their expectation of doing so is very much less than it was a few wefeks ago. Spin- ners are, as a rule, well employed, and de- cline all offers which do not yield a fair amount of profit, though the attitude they are bound to adopt checks a certain num- ber of orders they might otherwise obtain. Half-breds, Wid to Is, and Shropshires, is to Is 2d.

0 CC) U .01_L C S M RLUE N Z rbI s s, Sold everywhere, l/ii per box.

PREPARING THE CATTLE SHED. The time of housing the stock it at hand, and before the cattle are actually brought in it is advisable to get the build- ings into readiness for their reception. First, brush down the interior walls thor- oughly, then clean out carefully racks and mangers, and after this use shovel and broom and clean out the floors properly. After this see to the cleaning out of the catchpits, if not already done see that the drains are clear, and then limewash- the walls with wash of good thickness and made from newly-slaked lime. REPAIRS. Now see to any repairs to racks and mangers, examine the ventilators to see that they work properly, and where tying up is to be done go carefully over the chains and chain-posts, or travellers, and adjust and repair where such attention is needed. Where chains have had a sum- mer's rest the swivels are apt to become stuck to obviate this, examine each swivel independently to see that it will turn, forcing it to turn if necessary, and applying to each a spot or two of oil. If there are glass windows, wash the glass, for light promotes health as well as enables the necessary attention to be given in com- fort. Now see to the doors, also to the locks, latches, hasps, etc., that are in- tended for the securing of the doors. LITTER. Just before the cattle are brought in, well litter the floors of stalls and boxes, and get in a supply of hay, straw, and roots for use when the cattle have to be fed. Food should not be stored in the same apartment as the stock are quartered in, but may be placed as handily as pos- sible, so long as the communication be- tween the store and the stock-house is fitted with a door that is kept shut when not in use. Collect all skeps, feeding-tubs, and other utensils needed when the stock are

BETTER Mm Whenever you feel de- pressed, run down or -^S out-of-sorts, take Hall's jBW/fSSk Wine—the Marvellous mm' Restorative. It will W make new blood, feed the nerve tissues. THAMKS TO HairsWifie^i TH? MARVE-LLOUS RESTORATIVE-N (SWeVejj will not cure everything. But for 80 years it has had unrivalled success as a remedy for Coughs & Colds, Asthma, Ohronic Bronchitis, and Weakness of Lungs. It's healing efficacy in Consumption has been abundantly proved by hundreds of testimonies pub- lished in recent years. CONGREVE'S BALSAMIC ELIXIR for Diseases of the Lungs is sold by all Chem- ists at ziz34. a/g, 4/6 and u/- per bottle. Mr. Congreve's well-known book on Consump- tion and other diseases of the Lungs will be sent post free, for 6d., on application a to Coombe Lodge, Peckham, London, S.E. ixir

PIG BREEDING AND OUR PIG POPULATION. It is a remarkable fact that one of the most profitable branches of agriculture is the breeding of swine. There are tens of thousands of small people, labourers, and others, with but few advantages at their command, who keep a breeding sow, and make her pay, and often handsomely. It is the custom with many people to abandon breeding when prices have been raised, and to commence again when they have fallen. This practice is the cause of many failures to make pig breeding pay. When food is dear, pigs are dear as well, and feeders who buy youngsters in the market to convert into porkers are adopting a method which is most uneconomical. Con- cerning food, there is no ration which is known-and this experiment has proved- which is equal to a mixture of barley meal, skim milk, and potatoes. It is important to obtain the best barley meal, and to practically ensure its quality by purchas- ing the barley, taking such precautions as will ensure its grinding by a miller who is known to be trustworthy. Barley meal sold upon the market is frequently adul- terated, a fact frequently proved in prac- tice. PIG POPULATION DECREASING. It has frequently been observed that the number of pigs kept in this country is out of all proportion to our requirements. With a British population of 37,000,000, the number of pigs, as shown by the re- turns for 1908, was 2,823,000, so that we possess about one pig per thirteen inhab- itants, whereas in Ireland the proportion is about one pig to four persons in Den- mark, with a smaller population than that of Lancashire, there is one pig to every two persons, and a still higher ratio in the United States. It is, therefore, not sur- prising that the sum we pay for pig meat, chiefly hams and bacon, is so prodigious. Our pig population has been on the de- crease for some years, although there was a slight increase in 1908. Why the num- ber of pigs in this country is so small it is difficult to say, but if private persons can make them pay, as they almost in- variably do, for in good hands the profits reach an average of 25 per cent., it should be still more easy for the farmer to reap a substantial profit. It is true that in America pigs are largely fed on maize and other grain, which is cheaper than with us, and in many cases where large herds of cattle are kept and fed on grain, a herd of swine are also kept to follow them, for the pur- pose of consuming the undigested portions which are found in their manure. But there is another plan common in the States. The pig-breeder fences off a por- tion of his clover or. lucerne fields, into which he turns his pigs, and there is no better plan for feeding swine which are kept for stock than is represented by one of these. Stock pigs should have their liberty in order to obtain green food, on which they thrive so well, exercise, and air. It has been proved over and over again that a pound of live weight in the case of the young porker can be produced by the consumption of 41b. or slightly more of grain, much depending on the breed and the management. The sows should be good, mothers, and unless they are able to supply abundant milk they are practically useless. Apart from this, it is important that the stock should be well bred, by which we mean the product of parents which were rapid growers, and not the lean, lanky, razor-backed hogs which were so common thirty years ago. Although, as we have already remarked, it is important that breeding stock should have exercise, it is quite another matter with the porker. Litters should be fed as well as possible from birth,gradually being brought to feed in an adjoining sty, which the sow cannot enter, on specially prepared rations, con- sisting of barley meal added to middlings as a commencement in small quantities, and gradually increased until the mid- dlings are dispensed with altogether, and nothing but barley meal, or barley meal and milk to which potatoes may be added, supplied. It is a fact which is worthy of remark that both in Wales and Scotland the num- ber of swine is very small. Wales, which possesses only 240,000, against 143,000 in Scotland, also owns fewer pigs than Eng- land's biggest county. It is not essential to success that pigs bred for pork or bacon should be of the purest breed indeed, stock for breeding purposes are perhaps little better for the work intended then if they were bred for exhibition. Too much fat is detrimental to the sale, bacon curers preferring pigs of medium size with a medium quantity of fat upon the back. The consumer of the present day requires bacon which is mild in flavour, but there is no doubt whatever that the quality is inferior to what it used to be, if by this term we mean its flavour. There are many of the smaller makers who cure hams and bacon for private custom- ers, and cure them well, the flavour caused by smoking being imparted to the meat. In the modern process, it is the practice of the curer to employ boric acid, which is detrimental to the food, although the fact is almost unknown to the general con- sumer.

POULTRY MANAGEMENT. "BUCKING UP" THE POULTRY. The early part of last breeding season was so cold and wet, and eggs were ex- tremely scarce, that there is a general complaint this autumn that pullets are very backward, few showing any signs of commencing to lay for some time yet. Winter eggs are so badly needed that no efforts are too great to encourage rapid development, and backward pullets, or hens that are taking a long time to moult, should be given special attention. Eggs are not really wanted before the commencement of November if the birds begin to lay much earlier than this they are almost certain to cease as soon as the cold weather comes on, while if they are much later than this it is unlikely they will lay at all till after the turn of the year. The backward birds should be generously fed upon nutritious foods, meals, and grains of a fattening nature being avoided. It is always a good plan to supply three meals a day for a few weeks previous to the commencement of laying, as this seems to give the birds such an excellent start, and they appear better able to withstand the strain of heavy lay- ing, for it should not be forgotten that in laying there is a considerable strain upon the system of a hen. If any of the pullets are backward, and have every appearance of not beginning to lay for some time yet, a little maize added to both morning and evening feeds has an exceedingly beneficial result. It must not be overdone, of course, about one-fifth part by bulk of maize to four-fifths of wheat, barley, or oats is the best proportion. STOCK DUCKS. The feeding of stock ducks has naturally a very important effect upon the egg sup- ply, and during the next few months when eggs are wanted so badly, and when they realise such extremely high prices, it is false economy to stint the food supply. First thing in the morning the stock birds should be supplied with warm mash, con- sisting of meals, together with any house- hold scraps there may be to spare. A good mixture is composed of two parts barley meal, one part middlings, and half a part bean or pea meal. It is advisable to cook the food over-nigbt (there are several good cookers upon the market, which greatly simplifies what would otherwise, perhaps, be rather troublesome), as it is made so much more digestible, besides which a great deal of refuse can be used up in this manner. Potatoes, in small quantities, are very beneficial, besides having the advan- tage of being very cheap. In the afternoon, hard corn should be fed, and for this pur- pose the most suitable are wheat, barley, and oats. Raw maize should not be used, save in small quantities, and then only when the weather is cold. Breeding ducks, when kept in confinement, should be fed twice a day when they are allowed their full liberty, once a day is sufficient.

FRUIT ROSES I BULBS1 /AUR befttitifnUy illnstrated Catalogue for Autiimn. 1900, I V/ is now ready, and may be lind post free on application. It contains a fine list of all the best varieties of APPLES, RKATTS, i'r.ulis. and other FBUIT TREES, Hybrid Perpetual. Tea-scented, and Climbing ROSES, besides a splendid list of ■fo: the choicest HYACIXTHS, TULIPS, NARCISSI, and other bulbs, fclj with valuable instructions for cultivation. IDANIELS BROS. Ltd., I with valuable instructions for cultivation. I IDANIELS BROS. Ltd., j | BYTo Km'TheVing, NORWICH.^

IN THE GARDEN. POTTING BULBS. Bulbs should now be potted, as this gives them a long season to form roots before top growth is excited. Where there is a demand for cut bloom a saving of space and labour will be found in what may be termed box culture," the same as followed in the market trade. The boxes used should be about 3in. to 4in. in depth, some rough compost should be placed in the bottom for drainage, and then half filled with ordinary potting soil, on which the bulbs may be stood somewhat thickly to- gether and covered with more mould. This is a good way to treat the early flow- ering and cheap narcissus, such as Prin- ceps or others lifted from the open borders. Having filled the boxes, they should be placed on a bed of ashes and covered with six inches of sand, fine coal ashes, or the like. This will protect them from the frost, and may remain undisturbed until well rooted and it is seen that the top growth has commenced, when a few boxes at a time should be taken into the green- house, so as to keep up the supply of cut bloom. The choicer bulbs are better potted and used in the dwelling-room when in flower as vase plants. Pots not exceeding 6in. across will take from four to six nar- cissus bulbs, according to' their size and variety. Tulips may have smaller pots, those 4^in. across being quite large enough to take five bulbs. These and other bulbs so potted should be plunged the same as advised for the boxes. The value of plung- ing the bulbs is to induce root action in advance of top growth. There are valuable winter flowering plants or roots which may now be potted up while in a dormant state, and plunged alongside of the bulbs. These, among others, will comprise lily-of-the-valley, Solomon's seal, dielytra (lyre flower), the different spirses, gladiolus (The Bride), and the various irises. Each of these will prove welcome in the greenhouse long be- fore there are many flowers in the open.

No danger in eating freshly baked cakes, scones, tea-bread, etc., when you use 'Paisley Flour' —the sure raising powder- Everything baked with Paisley Flour is most digestible, even when new, and do you know that any cakes left over and reheated in the oven the following day are almost equal to the freshly baked. VENO 161atilbnlna COUGH CURE The purest and surest. remedy obtainable for ACUTE COLDS INFLUENZA CHRONIC COUGHS WHOOPING COUGH BRONCHITIS NASAL CATARRH CHRONIC ASTHMA I WEAK LUNGS Albert Smith, Esq., M.S.B.Sc., the celebrated Tendon analyst savs"Veno's Lightning Cocon Core is composed of pure ingredients, and Is a most excellent remedy for bronchitis, asthma, and all lung affections. Price 91d.. l/l j and 2/9, of all Chemists-

RURAL JOKES. "Charley, dear," said young Mrs Tor- kins, didn't you say that horse you bought has a pedigree? Yes," was the complacent reply. Well, knowing how unlucky you are with horses, I consulted a veterinary sur- geon. You needn't worry. The doctor says it won't ::urt him in the least." Lady (who has been shown over one of the ships, to sailor who has been her guide): What a pity gratuities are forbidden on your ship Sailor So was apples, mum, in the Garden of Eden Laird (to gamekeeper) What terrible weather we have had this summer, Donald!" Gamekeeper: Aye, you're right, laird. Only three fine days in all the summer, an' twa o' them snappit up by Sundays." i Farmer Sweedtop enjoyed the notoriety of being the most niggardly man in his neigh- bourhood. One morning, while inspecting his beer cellar, he found that the contents of one keg, having undergone an undesirable fermentation, was unfit for consumption. After careful consideration he decided 'that to send it down to the haymakers was the best way to dispose of it. The same after- noon he visited the hayfield in person and casually remarked to his foreman Wull, Jarge, how did'st like the beer?" Wull, gaffer," replied the foreman, that there was just the right kind of beer to suit we, it was If it was any better we shouldn't ha' gotten it, and if it was any wuss we couldn' ha' drunken it." Recently a motpr-car ran down and killed a hen. The driver, a conscientious man, in- stead of racing along unmindful of the owner of the hen, immediately stopped, got-out, tenderly picked up the fowl, and rang the bell at a farmhouse near. A woman opened the door. I am very sorry to inform you," re- marked the motor-car man, that I have unintentionally killed this hen of yours." He held the fowl up to her view. Now, I am quite willing to pay the value-" Oh, I'm much obliged to you inter- rupted the woman. I've been trying to catch that bird for three days to cook it for dinner, and I never could so much as lay a hand on the thing. Thank you, sir, thank you [We would readily credit the story were it not that the farmhouse was credited with a bell !-ED.]

jLLANFYLLIN. COOKERY TEACHER WANTED. A rather interesting discussion occurred at the meeting of the Higher Education Committee on Tuesday last, at Newtown, concerning the Llanfyllin evening classes. A letter was read from Mr J. Lloyd Peate, on behalf of the school managers, stating that Mr Williams, H.M.I., had suggested that cookery and woodwork should be in- cluded in the curriculum. There was no accommodation for the teaching of wood- work, but there was splendid accommoda- tion for the teaching of cookery at the County School, and they had the permis- sion of the Governors for its use. They, therefore, applied for the Committee's sanction for Miss Stacey, the travelling technical mistress, to be engaged to teach the subject. The managers were dropping the teaching of needlework, and Miss Stacey was willing to undertake the teach- ing of cookery for the payment received by the needlework teacher. Mrs Humphreys-Owen said it had been stated by a headmaster that it was im- possible for a teacher attending to work at the County schools to do her work properly if outside work was undertaken. A teacher required the whole time and all energy to carry out work at the County school, and therefore work outside the County school would certainly interfere with 'their more important work. She did not know how Miss Stacey would get down from Llanfyllin to Newtown in time. She was paid to devote the whole of her time to County school work, and it was not right for her to undertake the work, which, al- though she may be perfectly willing to do, would more or less interfere with her day work. She quite appreciated Miss Stacey's desire to do the work at Llanfyllin, but if it was the intention to carry on the teach- ing of domestic subjects in the evening school she thought that a teacher engaged in evening school work should be arranged with for the work. She moved that the re- quest for the services of Miss Stacey be declined. Mr Hugh 'Lewis seconded the motion, which was adopted.

University College of Wales, Aberystwyth. EXAMINATION FOR ENTRANCE SCHOLAR- SHIPS AND EXHIBITIONS, 1909. At a meeting of the Senate of the above College, held September 27th, 1909, the following entrance scholarships and exhibitions were awarded on the results of the examinations held the preceding week :— William John Davies, County School, Caunar- then (David Davieg Scholarship), £ 40; Hannah Davies, County School, Barmouth (Principal's Scholarship), £ 40 Herbert Cecil Lewis. Countv School, Carmarthen (Visitors' Scholarship), £ 30; Albert Greville White, County School, Llanelly (Keeling Scholarship), £ 25; Roger Thomas, County School, Naiberth (Agricultural Scholar- ship), £ 20; Edward Roland Williams, County School, Gowerton (Welsh Scholarship), £ 20; James Eric Dixon, Grammar School, Bolton (Open Exhibition), .£10;' Evelyn Beryl Daw, Technical School, Birmingham (Open Exhibition), .£10; Edwin William Barton, Grammar School, Swan- sea (Open Exhibition), £ 10,; David James Williams, County School, Towyn (Open Exhibi- tion), .£10; Elvina Rosalie Jones, County School, Towyn (Open Exhibition), £ 10; Elizabeth Davies Jones, County School, Towyn (Welsh Exhibition), .£10; William Erapet Phillips, Grammar School, Haverfordwest (Welsh Exhibition), .£10; John Francis Powell, Grammar School, Swansea (Welsh Exhibition), XIO; Herbert John Evans, Grammar School, Haverfordwest and School of Pharma- ceutical Society (Welsh Exhibition), XIO; Ed- ward Arthur Edwards, County School, Tredegar (Welsh Exbibtion), XIO; Clifford Jones, County School, Whitland (Welsh Exhibition), .£10; Rhys Griffiths, County School, Whitland (Welsh Exhi- bition), £ 10; Edward Stanton Roberts. Univer- sity College of Wales (Cynddelw Scholarship), X20.

GLEANINGS FROM BUDGET SPEECHES. THOSE WHO ARE ASKED TO CON- TRIBUTE. Taxation was never popular, and from I the party point of view was never wise and it was therefore only by reason of the urgent necessities of the country that the Government had had to impose a great measure of taxation upon the citizens of the country. They had said to the great owners of urban land, "You have made by perfectly legitimate means and under the aegis and protection of the law vast for- tunes out of the requirements and neces- sities of the people. Is there any reason why you should not contribute to the na- tional necessities in a measure proportion- ate to the fortunes which you have made ? They had said to the money-making and stock-broking communities of London and Bristol and other great towns, You have trafficked daily in great sums of money. You have secured under the protection of Caesar great fortunes. If you make vast profit, is there any reason why you should not render to Caesar in the days of his need some payment for the protection you have received in your enterprise ? They had said to the inheritors of accumulated millions who had done nothing to own the millions they had fortunately inherited, You are in a better position than the poor clerk or the workman, or struggling merchant or doctor or barrister to render substantial payment for the luxuries and comforts you enjoy in peace, and you should contribute in a greater measure than heretofore to the needs and necessi- ties of the country." What, he asked, was there ii) that which was inequitable, un- just, confiscatory, or predatory ?—C. E. Hobhouse, M.P., Secretary to the Treasury. WHAT THE MONEY IS WANTED FOR. Some portion of the burden had been put on the shoulders of the working man, but he did not think the working man quar- relled with that. He thought it was to the credit of the working men in this country that they were bearing cheerfully the portion of the burden which had been ^placed on them. The portion of the Budget which contained the land taxes had been accepted by the electorate with the great- est enthusiasm. It ill-became the people who had obtained many millions in the shape of increment to oppose the land clauses, and they ought to congratulate themselves that they had been allowed to keep that increment for so many years. The Budget had been drawn up to confer benefits of a special kind on the working classes. What was the money wanted for ? Seven out of the sixteen millions was re- quired for old-age pensions. Several mil- lions would in the near future be used to extend that scheme to those who really ought to be on it at the present moment. A portion of the money would also go to provide for the cost of labour exchanges and to give grants in the future to working men to insure against distress which came before the age of 65. What was the answer to Mr Balfour's plain question-Was this a working man's Budget or was it not? Their answer was clear and emphatic. Mr Balfour's answer, he ventured to say, was not. It was a "speech prepared for the armchair economist. Mr Balfour said that the Budget created insecurity. The insecurity which it created was for those privileges which had already lasted a great deal too long.—Sir S. T. Evans, Solicitor- General. DECEPTIVE STUFF. For five or six months the Budget was a cruel, vindictive instrument against the great landowners, magnates, and million- aires. Now it had suddenly become an in- strument of oppression against the poor man. This was not the first time that an attempt had been made to get the poor man to pull the chestnuts out of the fire, and no doubt this would be the plan of the Opposition to the end of the campaign. But heNrather thought that the time had gone by for this sort of stuff to deceive the people. The Radical party had taken many re- buffs from the hereditary non-representa- tive chamber, but the Radical party would go to a well-deserved and ignominious grave if it sounded cease fire in a fight like this, if it were entered upon, before its arms were carried to final victory.-Dr Macnamara, M.P. SCATHING EXPOSURE BY A TORY PEER. Earl De La Warr is a Tory peer, and owns about 23,500 acres. This is what he writes to the London Daily Mail' Sir,-I have followed very carefully and with great interest your remarks from time to time on the disastrous effect which the Budget will have on landowners, and have read with surprise the reports which you have published from land agents in various counties as to the condition of the pro- perty market. I have by me your issue of September 21st, in which you publish these reports under the heading:— "Ruined Property Market." "Worst State of Affairs for Forty Years." a. 0 ky me your issue of Septem- ber 24th, m which appears an account of the sale of a large Wiltshire estate lately in the possession of Sir Christopher Furness under the following heading:- Auction-room Siege." "Eager Crowd at Great Farm Sale." I have also the report of this sale pub- lished in the 'Daily Telegraph,' which de- scribes the interest in the sale as extra- ordinary, "the crowd being so great that the auctioneer had to adjourn to the Town Hall, late comers being obliged to come in through the windows by ladders." The whole estate was sold, some of the prices being above the reserve. Now, sir, in the face of these facts and other facts connected with recent large sales of land, which I believe far exceed the sales of past years, how can it be argued that the proposed Budget is depreciating the value I of land? In my own case I find that during the last twelve months I have had more appli- cations for land at good prices than I have had for many years, both at Bexhill and in other parts of Sussex, when, according to your correspondent, "no one will buy until they know what is going to happen." i As a matter of fact, I can now sell land at £100 per acre in Sussex inland which a few years ago would not have fetched F-50 per acre. I sold a property in London a few months ago for more than the reserve price. I refer to the sale of the Dorset Gardens Estate, which was generally described as an exceedingly good sale. Other estates throughout England have recently been sold, and with very few exceptions the prices realised nave been high. What justification have we, therefore, for stating that the property market is ruined when, as a matter of fact, at all events so far as land is concerned, it is brisker than it has been for many years? Any depression which may exist in the value of house property dates back some years, certainly not since the introduction of the Budget. I think I am right in saying that the slump commenced about eight years ago, about the same time as the slump" in breweries commenced, which, by the way, is also wrongly attributed to the Budget, as it was to the Licensing Bill when under discussion. Unfair as the Budget may be in some respects, revolu- tionary as it may be in others, no good pur- pose will be achieved by its opponents by attributing evils to it which do not exist. Arguments which cannot be substantiated will only weaken their position in the great struggle which is evidently at hand in con- nection with the Government's financial proposals. „ DE LA WARR. Inchmery, Exbury, Southampton.

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in, also place forks, shovels, brooms, etc., where wanted. There will now be no flurry when the stock come in.