The Montgomeryshire Express and Radnor Times

FOR ONIONS AND CABBAGES. DANIELS' SELECTED AILSA CRAIG. THIS Onion is one of the largest and handsomest in cultivation, maj be Krown up to '2 or 3 lbs. each. We oSer £ 15 in cash prizes tut tpecimens grown from seed sown thi» Autumn. All purchasers, of one Dunce or more will be eligible to compete. Seed with special ci ltural directions and full particulars per oz. 2/ per p it. 9d DANIELS' DEFIANCE CABBAGE. A very fine, sliort-logffeil, compact, mid-early variety, growing tc 10 or 12 lba. each, very tender. We offer AILO 10 0 In cash prizes to purchasers of one ounce or more. Full particulars and instruction with ieed Our own special stock per oz. J.o; per pkt. od OTHER ONIONS FOR AUTUMN SOWING. DANIELS GOLDEN ROCCA. Very fine Onion of globular form s. 4. and light brown skin per pkt. Cd.; per oz. 1 o DANIELS GIANT ROCCA. One of the best „ « » WHITE ELK I'M ANT TRIPOLI. Very large, per pkt. 4d „ 1 « ZITTAC GIANT YELLOW. Very fine. •• u 8 OTHER CABBAGES FOR AUTUMN SOWING. DANIELS LITTLE gfEEN". Yeryearly per pkt. t;d.; per oz. 1 6 ELLAM S EARLY li'iVMlt'. Splendid stock „ Kd.; „ 0ii DANIELS' GIANT RED. Very fine £ }.; „ 1 » OFFESHA3I. Earlv, dwarf, compact „ oa., u o Complete Lists post free on application.

CATCH CROPS. It is doubtful whether farmers in this country avail themselves as fully as they might do of the system known as catch cropping. This means the sowing of forage crops, such as trifolium, rye, and vetches, immediatey after the corn is removed, while pea stubble may often be got to yield a fair crop of quick-growing turnip or rape after the are off, as that is usually the first land to be cleared of corn. In order to grow this extra forage success- fully, it is necessary for the land to be in a good state of cultivation as regards clean- liness, and it must receive liberal dressings of natural or artificial manure. It may be added that good working soils lend them- selves to-the practice much better than strong land, although some crops may be grown on heavy soils, and roots may be planted after they come off. Perhaps the most popular crops are rye and vetches, which are excellent as spring food for sheep, because rye is usually ready

THE GREAT SKIN CURE. Budden's S.E. Skin Ointment will cure itching after one application, destroys every form of Eczema, heals old wounds and sores, is infallible for Piles, prevents cuts from festering, cures Ring- worm in a few days, removes the most obstinate eruptions and scurvy. Price 7 £ d and Is L £ d. Post Free 8d and Is 2jd. Agent for Newtown: ANDREW BREESE, Chemist (LATE Morgan & Sons), The Cross. Welshpool: Pavnfl Llanidloes: E. Hughes. Montgomery: W. P. Marshlil. Mach- ynlleth G. M. Arthur.

THE CARE OF THE HORSE. The waste in the improper care of horses is not so apparent as in some other things —a rat--hole in a grain bin, for instance- but it is none the less real. If you give a horse a quart of oats a day more than is best for him, you waste the oats just as much as if you had fed them to the rats. It may be said here that a horse is sel- dom or never killed by over-work or over- driving. When this accident is supposed to happen, the truth is that the horse had been improperly cared for either before the work or after it. What a horse can stand in the way of work depends upon his gen- eral condition, his special condition at the time he is put to work, and the care given him after the work is over. And it is safe to say that no ordinary farm task, even at the busiest season and under the most try- ing conditions of weather, is enough to kill or ruin a sound horse if he is properly cared for. In the proper care of the horse the first essential is a comfortable stable. The ab-

AFRAID! Fs&Jj On these bright summer days how many people are afraid to live-Afraid that something is going to happen-Afraid to leave home —Afraid to travel-Afraid to cross the road. n ? |W| The nerves are wrong. Weak nerves are badly nourished nerves. The blood is not feed- ing them. And when the blood is weak, the stomach is at fault. ? ? ? Fjg&Tl If your stomach is at fault, if it SC is only partially digesting food, if it is starving your blood supply instead of enriching it; if your nerves are breaking down, instead of being built up, you need Mother Seigel's Syrup-the remedy which tones up the whole digestive system. Mother Seigel's Syrup is now also prepared IN TABUI romc as Mother Seifel'* Syrup Tablets. Price m, 9&

THE NEW BEEF TEA-JU-VIS. Prepared solely from Beef and Vegetable. Makes delicious rich gravies or a cup of strong Beef Tea for a penny. Ask your grocer.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON AGRICUL- TURAL EDUCATION. The Departmental Committee appointed in 1907 to inquire into the subject of agri- cultural education has now presented its report. The Committee were requested to inquire as to the provision which has now been made for affording scientific and tech- nical instruction in agriculture in England and Wales and to report whether, in view of the practical results which have already been obtained, the existing facilities for the purpose are satisfactory and sufficient, and,

fRALEICH CYCLES x (Rigid Rapid and Reliable) ALL STEEL Are the most perfect bicycles extant. Send for Book of the Raleigh," post free from:- RALEIGH CYCLE CO., LTD., NOTTINCHAM

ou B0RWICP BAKING POWDER. No Household should be without this valuable preparation.

Mr. Bradlaugh's Faith. In the course of a sermon at St. Stephen's, Walbrook, the preacher, the Rev J. Weller, made an interesting reference to the late Mr Charles Bradlaugh, whom he described as the most intel- lectual atheist of the later years of last century. He said that one of the last letters which Brad- laugh ever wrote was written to him, and that in it the dying man acknowledged that he no long-er "dared" to ronke the confident denial of his earlier days, There is no God." j

I Corn flour fruit Jelly is essentially a summer dish. Instead of milk use the juice got from fresh fruit after stewing and you have a delicious, healthful, refreshing Natural Fruit jelly. You know what's in your fruit I jellies when you make them yourself. The Corn Flour always of course Tjrowtj & poisons "Patent" British made by British labour.

SECRET OF SUCCESSFUL FARMING. The secret of successful farming is to grow as much forage as possible, in order to ob- tain plenty of food for live stock the whole year round, and if autumn catch crops can be got in early and germination be assured, there is no doubt that they are a very great help in this direction. It is possible that, owing to the dry weather of May and June, the young clovers and mixtures may be thin, and there may be complete failure in some instances. They should be looked over carefully when the corn is cut, and where necessary reno- vated with trifolium and quick-growing seeds, so that a full crop may be thereby secured. Ceaseless activity and attention to de- tails are necessary on the farm, and a good system of cropping is an important factor J on the mixed occupation, as it can thereby be made to carry more stock than the more I popular grass farm.

| I « f\ubbing with Elliman's Eases Fain. Elliman's Embrocation i3 the safe and effectual medium for rubbing out Sorene-is of the Limbs" after exercise. Beneficial added to the hot 01 cold bath. After walking-added to the footbath-it re- lieves theaching of tired feet; also it is goodfor— RHEUMATISM, I NEURALGIA. CRAMP. from cold. LUMBAGO. CHEST COLDS, BACKACHE, CHRONIC SPRAINS. BRONCHITIS, CUTS. slight, CHILBLAINS BR LJISES. (before broken), SORE THROAT, CORNS from cold, (when painful). To know how to rub, when to rub, and when not to rub is not universally known. To afford such information was the origin of the now popular ELLIMAN R.E.P. BOOK. First Aid and Rubbing Eases Fain Handbook, 256 pages, cloth board covers, illustrated. The R.E.P. Book treats of Ailments that bring trouble in every household. Also contains First Aid Information, and instructs respecting the Hygiene of the Athlete," and Massage. ACHES and PAINS that are amenable to treatment-by judicious massagre -are commonly relieved by the useof Elliman's, which, applied early, often checks the development of serious illness, as in the case of ailments arising from taking cold. etc. The REP. Book, 256 pages, is sefit post free to all parts of the world upon the terms stated uponpag-eiof the R. E. P. Booklet (48 pages) which H Is enclosed in each carton containing Elliman's H Universal Embrocation, price 1 1 J, 2 9 and 4/- per B bottle 1,2 9 equals 3 of i, ii; 4/-equals 5ofi/iJ). g ELLIMAN, SONS & Co., Slougb, England.

Keep AWf3 71 /f, ALWAYS HANDY. Whether used for a cut, bruise, bum or scald in the kitchen, or for the children's heads when ringworm and other I infectious skin troubles are about; or for eczema, pimples, ulcers, piles, bad legs or any itching, inflammation, or blood-poison- ing, Zam-Buk is always a wholesome and I speedy cure. It goes to work quietly, re- I newing the tissue and destroying all germs and poisonous matter, until at last every trace of disease has disappeared and a new layer of healthy skin is grown instead. Zam-Buk is prepared from certain rich herbal juices, which are so blended together as to bring out to the full their hidden medicinal properties. Thus Zam-Buk has an effect not possible with old- fashioned ointments, which are composed of rancid animal fats and coarse mineral substances. lIlt, S/9, and 416 per box. All chemists.

AGRICULTURAL ORGANISATION SOCIETY. The annual report of the Agricultural Organisation Society for the year 1907 showed that the number of affiliated so- cieties increased from 137 at the end of 1906 to 167 at the end of 1907, while the member- ship increased from 8.700 to 10,500. A very marked increase took place in the business done by the societies, the aggregate turn- over having risen from £ 375,000 in 1906 to 9-610,000 in 1907. This great development is chiefly accounted for by the societies which supply agricultural requirements. The societies are classified in the report as followsSocieties for the supply of re- quirements or sale of produce, 114; dairy societies, 11; credit societies, 15; small ■■OEBBBcaaareafcastt■xv~isaPT*mr8. rri phi iiiimiiwim ..ii> holding and allotment societies, 13; mis- cellaneous societies, 12; together with two federations. Many of the societies, how- ever, engage in more than one kind of busi- ness. The sale of live stock is undertaken by some of the societies, and forms an im-

.rviirri-nTsr.ar*r.l^'jg^q^3sr3gc:^miBCTBK«-iirffl—nMWrfnfiwTiMiii !■ W. ffiallfJ* bcnuM^/idioMa dixect 'QPicM&u. — cz&tcfCdcnd- -C&eAlw-

:7he Old Axiom, I j ..7Ae newA.¥io"" HOtBROOKS X\Y> L!! if -,IÍ" JEtcst- I ■v. v v v 1 M SAUCE 'f¿:k' A, 4d b 16 iro Y, Ml mill*]!

A Valuable Prescription FOR DISEASES OF THE NERVES, STOMACH, AND KIDNEYS. COST A FEW PENCE. For nerve and bodily weakness in children or adults arising from any cause, and for such com- plaints as weak kidneys, palpitation, loss of appetite, ancemia, indigestion, nervous hysteria, spinal and nerve paralysis, and general physical debility a simple yet perfectly harmless and invaluable remedy is Dr Cassell's Tablets. These tablets build flesh, nerve force and bodily strength in a manner that surprises everyone who takes them. The prescription from which they are made is a very famous one, and the suffering public are to be congratulated on the fact that they can now obtain the remedy ready for use in boxes at lOid from any chemist. Ask for Dr. Cassell's Tablets.

To MOTHERS.—Mrs Wmslow's Soothing Syrup has been used over fifty years by millions of mothers for their children while teething, with perfect success. It will relieve the poor sufferer immediately It is pleasant to taste; it produces natural quiet sleep, by relieving the child fr .m pain, and the little cherub awakes as brigtit as a button." Of all chemists. Is lid per bof-,t.'o

THE PROFIT FROM A LAYING HEN. A matter of supreme importance to every poultry-keeper is the amount of profit that may reasonably be expected from an .ordin- ary layng hen, and apparently the expecta- tions of poultrymen vary a great deal in this respect. The difficulty of making a calculation of this description is that one is so liable to exaggerate the paper profits and forget some of the necessary expenses. The amount of profit to be derived from a hen depends, of course, upon a variety of circumstances; it depends, for one thing, upon the capability of the man in charge, also upon the branch selected, upon whether outside labour is required, and upon the prolificacy of the birds. I think a fair profit to expect from an ordinary hen is about 4s per annum, while if the bird is a good laying strain and is well tended, this figure can be considerably increased. It should be quite an easy matter on a farm to feed a hen for a penny a week through- out the entire year; during the winter this does not cover the cost, but there are months during the spring and summer when the birds can practically support themselves. A penny a week is 4s 4d per annum, but to be on the safe side we will allow another Is 8d for expenses of man- agement, housing, etc., making a total ex- pense of 6s. Taking an average price of Id per egg all the year round, by no means too generous an allowance, seventy-two eggs must be produced to pay for expenses of maintenance, etc.; every egg above this number is net profit. It is a poor hen that does not lay more than 120 eggs per annum, but taking this as an average it represents 10s, which leaves a margin of 4s per annum. There are a whole host of other details, of course, which in an exact calculation should be taken into account, but the above may be regarded as a rough guide.

TRADE NOTICES. A The Cane body, painted thraugiout. 0. Upholstered in Art Wheels 23 and Sin., 4S in. Tyres. ConYertfile n et!tl- for 1 or 2 ,j The 27/. 8/9 nett The largest Selection of BABY CARRiAGES in Great Sene for Sped;:1 Illustrated Catalogue Post free. ¡ cane body, painted Carpet Seat, Upholstered Back and Seat, 12 and 8 In c b Wheels The "ALBII" Same description as the Gloucester, with superior Upholstery and Strap 59/. Springs, nett. The X.L." Folder The CITY." 12/6 19/6 nett. <, nem W CASH o r CREDIT. I Jjig g Send for our unique CREDIT S TERMS. js Discount allowed if settled H in 6 montlis. Uphofstered All Birch, with Car Seat and Back, Seat and 12 inch Wheels. I inch Tyões Best quality Cane Body, highest class of Upholstery. The AVOTJ." best quality Springs and Tyres, Wheels 25 and 12 incl-1. 691- nett. f. I ? qpy FURNITURE MANUFACTURERS, WREXHAM, H •j C L r: a. U ttaate St, Bailey St, I 45 High St., I 18 Green End, 58, 59 VieUria St., ■ I i CHESTER. j OSWESTRY | SHREWSBURY [ WHITCHURCH (Salop) | WOLVERHAMPTON ■ 26 VALE STREET, DENSISH. 1 \:Jo:f) I $hewing C3 cap- c H. SAMUEL'S IF' SILVER ■ q LEVER,25/- 1 ( KEVLKSS OR KEYWINDIXGI «■»!*■ ■ rffars the purchaser more than usual B M.lue for his money. It is unlike all other pcU/KDr HIT S3 (watches, and in construction, appearance, acou- DCnHnC ur M •aay and wear no other watch at its price can IMITATIONS. II compare until it. T{i £ PiHAivI'JUHT SUPERIORITY I is partly due to its ffSW IM.^fJOVSD B4LA.mC £ WHEE'- AND SAFETY WINDI?<G BARREL, patents H jrabodud in tf. 3AtvJ £ !3 WATCKES ALOP'i. With its extra jewelled and accuratcly adjusted l» ^-pla>,e moi-eni'jnt, its du!?fc anrl damp-proof inner cap, and its beautiful case of solid silver M st;npa. >, tna' ACMtf' is a far better investment at 23/- than many a watch retailed at doable i md treble would be if sold at the ■ACME'S' low prica —— 8 3EAB ? READ! Mr. A. COCKERrox, 73 As'.uiUe Rd., SENT FflEt ANnVH £ Ra FOR A POSTCARD I || "I have had one of your watches in continual H. SAMUEL'S II ti^s6if?r 19 Tfars,i. n?w as good as ever 170- PAGE illustrated FKEE 1 and 1 would not part with it for any con- BARGAIN ALBUM, which shows over I sideration." Send P.o.o. to-lay for 25;. and ^?oTf'3d;,1,o^' I v"^d m: 3d- sd- | > risk for a MONTH'S FRSB WRITE OFF NOW FOR FREE BOOK I § "%■ [ A si:iV'.6d, Warranty SAVE HALF ON ZACH AfiTiCLFI Yd) BUY I 1 AA for aevan years, to^ather with g H. BA-aTJSr.'S COMPLIMENTARY GIFT OF HALL-MARKED I ^-pla>,e moMtmnt, its du!?fc anrl damp-proof inner cap, and its beautiful case of solid silver M st;npa. >, tna' ACMtf' is a far better investment at 23/- than many a watch retailed at doable i < St and treble would be if sold at the low prica ——————————————————————— 8 t 3EAB ? READ! Mr. A. COCKERrox, 73 As'.uiUe Rd., SENT FflEt ANnVH £ Ra FOR A POSTCARD I || "I have had one of your watches in continual H. SAMUEL'S II ti^s6if?r 19 Tfars,i. n?w as good as ever 170- PAGE illustrated FKEE 1 and 1 would not part with it for any con- BARGAIN ALBUM, which shows over I sideration." Send P.o.o. to-lay for 25;. and ^?oTf'3d;,1,o^' I v"^d m: 3d- sd- | > risk for a MONTH'S FRSB WRITE OFF NOW FOR FREE BOOK I § "%■ [ A si:iV'.6d, Warranty SAVE HALF ON ZACH AfiTiCLFI Yd) BUY I 1 AA for aevan years, to^ather with g H. BA-aTJSr.'S COMPLIMENTARY GIFT OF HALL-MARKED I SOLID SILYEH ALBERT GOES WITH EVERY •ACiUE.' g f* S U Si?I WBITB SO-aAY! I JLL52ae Market St., IMGHESTER, J CAMBRIAN RAILWAYS COMPANY. TO BE SOLD BY PRIVATE TREATY, JL the several stacks of well-harvested HAY, 0& the growth of 1907 (except where otherwise stated) standing at the under-mentioned Stations on the Cambrian Railways, and estimated to contain thu respective quantities, more or les3, also under mentioned, viz.:— Est'd EstV STATIONS. Wght. STATIONS. Wght Tons. Tons. Llanfyllin 6'i Barmouth Junction 4 Buttington. Harlech (1907) No. 1 5 -1 Abermule No. 2 3| Talsarnau 6 Kerry (1906) 3!: Criccieth. 9 4 Llanidloes (1906) 7 Aberereb.. 5f Llanidloes (1907) 6i' 4 JglFor further particulars, and to treat, apply to S. WILLIAMSON, £ Oswestry, June, 1908. Secretary. CLARKE'S B 41 PILLS are warranted to cure in either sex, all. acquired or constitutional Discharges from the Urinary Organs, Gravel and Pains in the back. Free from Mercury, Established upwards of 30 years. In boxes 4e. Gll. each of all Chemists and Patent Medicine Vendors throughout the World, or sent for sixty 2famps by the makers, The Lincoln and Midland VNNT-SS- Drug COIN piny Lincoln IMPERIAL LIQUID FISH GLUE. Requires no heating. Always Liquid. Don't be beguiled into buying imitations. MENDS EVERYTHING Wood, Marble Gia-is, Crockery, Ornaments, etc., etc. 1:1 6d. and Is. Bottles of the local agents, Paii/MPS & SON, 19, Broad-street, Newtown. (Safe, thorough, and permanent) for such diseases as Eczema llll f iOBESUAEoFACURE IB Scrofula, Scurvy, Bad Legs, Abscesses, Ulcers, Boils, Sores ill feM and Eruptions of all kinds, Blood Poison, Glandular Swellings fPf lllll Bheumatism. Gout, in fact & j|4P§j I SS SDH & SLO liEMS, i Don't hesitate, but start a course of Clarke's Blood Mixture, 'J | the world-famed Blood Purifier, and the experience of thousands, whom it has citj-ed nermanontly, wiu soon be [VM yours. (ff: k The Editor of the "FAMILY hOCTOR v.iter," \yc have seen hosts cf |(tj letters bearing- testimony to the tuly wonderful cures effected bv Clarke's Blood & > I Mixture. Itisthehnest Blood Purifier that Science r.nd Medical Skill have brcuc-ht S3 < i we can with the utmost confidence recommend it to our subscribers and the ft public generally." h, I "ClARKES Ilood Mixture I llf/J C -"1 be obtained of alt Chemists and Stores, a/a per bottle, or post free OR IP!! feiy I receipt of price direct from tha Proprietors, THE LINCOLN AND MIDLAND ilm ^^IcOUNTIES DRUG CO., Lincoln. BEWARE OF IMITATIONS, j JhB

portant item in their work. For instance, the Winchester Agricultural Trading So- ciety in 1907, the first year of its existence, sold stock to the value of £ 24,000, while the sales of pigs by the Eastern Counties' Farmers' Co-operative Association ac- counted for £ 64,000 out of a total turnover of £ 177,000. Some of the dairy societies managed to pay high prices to their mem- bers for milk. The Nidderdale Dairy So. ciety paid 8d a gallon during eleven months of the year, and the Walkden Farm- ers' Milk Supply Association paid 2s 3d and 2s 4d per 32t lb. The report refers to the effect of the Small Holdings and Allotments Act on the co-operative movement, and the additional work thrown on the Society by the formation of small holdings and allot- ment societies. It is pointed out that there is urgent need that the subscriptions should not only be maintained at their present figure, but should be substantially in- creased. During the year, however, the subscriptions declined from EI,441 in 1906 to P-1,199 in 1907.

solute warmth of the stable is not so im- portant as its freedom from draughts. Next to these, damp is the worst stable enemy of the horse. Next to these two enemies come improper floors and mangers. A wooden floor, that drains properly, but that has no uncomfortable slant or ine- qualities, is the best, and though it costs more for repairs than a cement floor, it is most economical in the end. Plenty of good dry bedding, a manger that can be eaten out of easily and that can be kept I perfectly clean, and a halter strap long enough to let the horse lie down in comfort are essential. Stables should be as light as

if not, in what manner they may with ad- vantage be modified or extended. The Committee included Mr David Davies, M.P. The first portion of the report contains a brief review of the history of agricultural education in this country up to the present time. The existing facilities for agricul- tural education in England and Wales are discussed and the progress of practical and scientific instruction in this country during the past twenty years is referred to as satis- factory, though the Committee are of opin- ion that much remains to be accomplished before the subject is placed in the condition which its importance demands. There is unmistakeable evidence that the attitude of farmers towards education, which was

in April, after which there is time to grow mangolds. The vetches do to follow on and provide land for swedes, and these usually follow wheat or winter oats. No time f o should be lost in carting on manure (if a dressing be given), ploughing, and plant- ing after the ground is clear, as a fort- night's start at this end means a better prospect for early spring keep in a season when there is often a scarcity. There are at least two advantages in favour of trifolium. One is that no cultiva- tions are needed, the seed being simply drilled on the stubble and harrowed in and rolled, which is a great saving of time and labour. The other advantage is that if not required for folding off, it makes very good hay for horses and sheep, and may, there- fore, be used for winter forage if mowed. It is usually ready for cutting by the end of May, and swedes and turnips may be grown after it is off. In the early districts, when the pea crop has been dealt with, and if some October sheep food is wanted, a good plan is to put a cultivator twice through the stubble, and

possible. All disease germs prefer the dark, and flies do not obejct to it as much as is commonly supposed. The best grain for horses is oats. They should be plump, clean, and free from dust. Unground oats are better as a rule, but where there is imperfect mastication, either on account of poor teeth, gluttony, or other causes, ground oats do better. The stomach of the horse is small, and the amount of feed which it can take care of at one time is limited. The quantity of grain should depend on whether a horse is work- ing or not, and on the amount of work he is doing. Watering is an important point. The rule is to water before the feed of grain, or at any rate not until some time after the grain has been eaten. Horses in the stable should be watered three times a day, and working horses more often. The need of

broadcast rape seed, then harrow and roll down. Another quick-growing crop, which serves to pen a flock of store-sheep, is mustard, and it is also useful for ploughing in as green manure, a practice which is not very frequently carried out, although there is no doubt that a bulky green crop rolled down and buried is equal to a good dressing of manure, and it is said to be a preventative of wireworm, while the cost is very slight; consequently the experiment is well worth trying.

formerly one of indifference, has undergone, or is undergoing, a marked change; keen interest is now taken in the work of many institutions, and a number of improve- ments in farm practice can be directly traced to their influence. Higher Agricultural Education.—As re- gards the higher agricultural education, afforded by universities, university and agricultural colleges, the Committee are satisfied that the addition of a few institu- tions, so located as to supply the needs of one or two districts which at present have no agricultural college, would furnish the country with a sufficient number of col- legiate centres. Lower Grade Education.-The facilities for agricultural instruction of a lower grade are, however, considered to be unorganised, unsystematic, and wholly inadequate. Very few institutions giving instruction of this grade exist, and the Committee con- sider that their number must be materially increased. The type of institution recom- mended is the winter agricultural school, which would aim at providing courses of study, during winter months, for lads of from seventeen to twenty, who have already gained some practical acquaintance with agriculture or horticulture. Until such schools are available, the formation of local winter classes should be encouraged. Short winter classes at colleges also provide in- struction for the class that would attend the winter schools, and it is considered that

water is increased in proportion to the per- spiration. The freedom of perspiration is dependent, too, perhaps, in some degree on the amount of water. Horses that have gone too long on a hot day without drink- ing will not sweat as they should, with the result that the blood becomes over-heated. It is a mistake to refuse water altogether to a hot horse. A half pailful may be given at any time, no matter how hot the animal is, provided the weather is not too cold. In very hot weather, a small drink at frequent intervals is the rule. The dan- ger comes from allowing an over-heated horse to drink all that it feels inclined to. When a horse is very tired, or is over- heated, the best thing is to give him a good

instruction of this type would be wel- comed if generally available. A number of suggestions are also made as regards instruction in the different branches of agriculture, and as to the sup- ply of teachers and instructors. County Agricultural Advisers.—The Com- mittee suggest that in each area of the size of an average county there should be a resident agricultural adviser, to convey in- formation and instruction to the farmers, to supervise field experiments, to give courses of lectures on the subject of such experiments and on matters of agricul- tural interest, and to conduct special classes. He might act as director of agri- cultural instruction, and should conse- quently be in close touch with, and respon- sible for, the work of other instructors in subjects such as dairying, poultry-keeping, or horticulture. At the same time he should be attached to, and work in con- nection with, a college or place of higher instruction acting .for a group of counties. Itinerant Teachers.—The Committee are strongly of opinion that itinerant instruc- tors should play an important part in the educational system of Great Britain. If well-qualified men were obtainable for these positions, farmers—especially small farmers-would soon learn to go to them for advice. Itinerant teachers, it is ob- served, have many more opportunities than lecturers of meeting those actually engaged in cultivating the soil, and thus, if pos- sessed of knowledge, practical skill, and the faculty of inspiring confidence, they should rapidly influence the different branches of the industry. Farm Institutes.—For the purpose of maintaining teachers at a high level of practical skill, the Committee think it es- sential that they should be connected with some institution where they would be in constant touch with practice. It is sug- gested, therefore, that in those districts where there is no suitable institution in which the county instructors could be as- sociated, farm institutes, having a farm and class-rooms attached, should be estab- lished to serve as headquarters for the en- tire itinerant staff working in the district. The farm should be laid out so as to be typical of the district, and should generally aim at placing before farmers and gardeners an object-lesson for guidance in their work. These institutes might be combined with the winter schools, and in the summer for the teaching of dairying and other appro- priate subjects. It is pointed out that the establishment of such institutes is much to be desired in the interests of small holders, to whose suc- cess they might largely contribute by pro- viding information and advice. The com- bination of the winter school and the farm institute should first be attempted in those districts in which holdings of small and medium size are most numerous. Research in Relation to Education.—For the purpose of improving and extending a knowledge of the application of science to practice, and thus increasing the appre- ciation of education by agriculturists, the Committee are of opinion that further pro- vision for research is urgently needed. The need is not so much for new institutions as for a greater number of men, and they recommend that before any further stations for research are established, existing insti- tutions should be enabled to increase their staff of workers. It would be unwise to de- velop any extensive system of providing instruction in agriculture without at the same time providing for research, so as to lay the foundation, which all experience has proved to be necessary for a successful result. The Ultimate Aim.—The ultimate aim of instruction in agriculture is to improve and to increase agricultural produce, and there is no doubt but that by a general adoption of scientific methods an important develop- ment could be effected in every branch of agriculture and in the various rural indus- tries subsidiary to it. By this means, with- out diminishing the supply of meat and cereals grown in the country, a large pro- portion of the butter and cheese, the poultry, the fruit and vegetables (to say nothing of the timber) now imported from abroad could be remuneratively produced at home. The possibility of additional employment as a result of improved education ought not to be overlooked. Additional employ- ment would enable a larger population to find a living upon the land. This consider- ation is of high moment to the maintenance of the physical standard of the race, for the rural population has not only to replenish its own numbers, but, as a town-bred popu- lation rapidly deteriorates, to supply the ever-increasing demands of our great cities for healthy men and women workers. In view of the heavy rates necessary in respect of rural elementary education, the incidence of which falls mainry on the agri- cultural population, it is only fair that every possible facility should, in return, be afforded for technical agricultural instruc- tion. Nothing in our system of education should hinder any lad frum seeking his life's work upon the land. On the contrary, all that is possible should be done to show him how, by the application of skilled knowledge, agriculture holds out the pros- pect of not only an interesting career, but a profitable career. A complete system of technical agricultural education is, there- fore, the natural corollary to the vast sums spent on elementary education in the rural parts of the country.

rubbing down. This at once makes him more comfortable, and enables his skin to act normally in reducing his temperature and removing the impurities due to muscu- lar activity. The grooming is not a matter of appearance only, but of health. Farm-

ers frequently neglect their horses in this particular, because they look upon it as a matter of appearance only. The health of the horse depends upon the condition of its skin to a much larger extent than is gen- erally supposed. The rubbing down and currying stimulate the surface circulation, and produce a feeling of well-being through- out the whole system which materially im- proves the digestion and assimilation of food. A man who knows how can excite a horse to greater effort by quiet, encourag- ing talk, than by shouting. Energy is wasted, and the value of the horse is im- paired by all scolding, shouting, unkind- ness, whipping, and ill-treatmeit. The care of his horses is one of the things which often makes the good farmer get along bet- ter than the poor one.