The Cambrian News and Merionethshire Standard

The New Education Act. THE SCHEME EXPLAINED. ( Mr. Jenkin James, director of education for Cardiganshire, in a report on the new Educa- tion Act, gives some valuable information which we have been favoured to reproduce. Mr J Jenkin James's points are included in the following summary ;— The object of the new Education Act is to establish a. national system of public educa- tion available for all persons capable of profit- ing thereby. Each education authority will be required to prepare a scheme showing how it proposes to exercise its duties and powers, so j as to provide for the progressive development and comprehensive organisation of education j within its area. The Act provides lor the approval or disapproval by the Board of Educa- tion of schemes submitted by education authori- ties, also for mode of procedure in the ev<?nt of the' Board of Education disapproving of a scheme by an authority. The authority's scheme must provide for the I development of education in public elementary schools. It will be necessary, by means of central schools, central or special classes, or otherwise to include in the curriculum of public t elementary schools at appropriate stages, prac- I tical instruction suitable to the ages, abilities, and requirements of the children; also to I organise in public elementary schools courses of advanced instruction for the older or more intelligent children, including children who stay beyond the age of fourteen. Also to co-operate with neighbouring education authorities in matters of common interest, such as the training of teachers and the preparation of children for further education in schools other than element- ary and their transference to such schools. All exemptions under age of fourteen are abolished. The scheme must also provide a sufficient supply of continuation schools in which suitable courses of study, instruction, and physical training are given without payment of fees to all young persons between fourteen and eigh- teen years of age, extension of age from six- teen to eighteen to take place at the end of seven years; also to secure general and regular attendance and to organise a progressive system, regard being had to the desirability of including therein arrangements for co-operation with universities in the provision of lectures and classes. The Act provides for compulsory attendance at continuation schools from fourteen to sixteen years of age for 320 hours per annum, i.e., an average of eight hours a week for forty weeks, the hours to be distributed as may best suit the circumstances of each locality; also a reduc- tion of the hours to 280 during the first seven years from the appointed day, if the education authority so resolve. In order to secure that students are in a fit bodily condition to receive full benefit from their education, a local educa- tion authority may require not only a suspen- sion of employment during the period pre- scribed for school attendance; but also during a further period not exceeding two hours on the day of attendance. If the local education authoci.y iibsatisfied by a report of the school medical officer, or other- wise, that any child of school age is being em- ployed in such a manner as to be prejudicial to his health or physical development, or as to render him unfit to receive proper benefit from his education, it may either prohibit or attach I such conditions as it thinks fit to his employ- ment. I The Act also makes medical inspection com- pulsory in case of secondary and continuation schools, and gives power to provide nursery schools for children over two and under five years of age, or later age, and for attendance to health, nourishment, and physical welfare of children attending these schools. j The Act abolishes the limit of 2 in the £ on tho amount to be raised for education other than elementary. It also takes away the obli- gation to charge noq less than ome-hajf nor fourth nor more than three-fourths of x- penses in respect of capital expenditure or rent J ou the parish or parishes served by the school, j The proportion charged in Cardiganshire is three-fourths. I A local education authority's receipts from I grants shall be not less than one-half of the net expenditure. The Board of Education will pay in full the amount of the discontinued grants up to the 31st March, 1919, inclusive, namely, the sum which have accrued both on completed and on uncompleted grant years up to that date. The present supplementary grant will be modified and will become as from 1st April, 1919, the ordinary substantive grant for elementary education, the minimum limit of which will be fifty per cent. of the net ordinary expehditure of the year. The ordinary substantive grant for each vear will be based upon, the figures of that year, namely, the average attendance, the assssable value, and the expenditure on teachers' salaries and other purposes of the year. I

CARDIGANSHIRE AND OFFICIALS. At Cardiganshire Farmers' Union at Lam- peter on Wednesday, the Brynhoffnant branch forwarded a resolution that the services of "thousands of officials could now be dispensed with." Mr. Evans, Llanwenog, supporting, said officials were "like vermin" about. the place. Mr Jones, Voel, Talybont, said he thought it ought to be pointed out that it was the maintenance of these officials that was responsible for the increased prices ruling. The resolution was adopted. I —— f

"l'; I FOR TH;E BEST PIANOS, PLAYER-PIANOS, i FOR TH;E BEST PIANOS, PLAYER-PIANOS, ORGANS, GCc. Dale, Fofty Co., Ltd HIGH STREET, CARDIFF. Smd for Catalogues. Tel. H03. "4.

Y Golofn Cymraeg. YR YSTAFELL GUDD. Mae gennyf ystafell Nas cenfydd y byd, As ynddi y cloaf A garaf i gyd. Yohydig a wybu Y ffordd iddi hi, A methaf ddyfalu Sut y gwyddet ti. Fe gollaig yr allwedd, Maddeua y tro; Nid oes ar y ddaear A ddetyd y clo. —Y Diweddar Is-Gapten Gwilym Williams. GERMANI ORCHFYGEDIG. Er nad yw'r telerau heddwch wedi eu llunio'n llwyr eto mae'r rhyfel, i bob amcan ymarferol, wedi diweddu, a'r ergyd olaf wedi ei saethu. t Nid yw amser y gynhadledd wedi ei benderfynu er hynny, eithr nid oes oedi gyda'r trefniadau, a daw cynrychiolwyr y gwledydd ynghyd yn union y bo'r cyniluniau wedi eu cwblhau. Y mae amodau'r cad-oediad yn hysbys i bawb union y bo'r cyniluniau wedi eu cwblhau. Y mae amodau'r cad-oediad yn hysbys i bawb erbyn hyn, ac er fod y rheiny yn galed, nid yw hynny yn brawf y bydd yr amodau heddweh hefyd yn gelyd. Yr oedd yn rhaid wrth bob diogelwcb cyn caniatau unrhyw fath o oedi yn y brwydro, ac wrth ddwyn oddiar yr Almaen gymaint o ynnau a nwyddau, yn gystal a chyn- ifer o longau rhyfel, nid yw hynny yn golygu fod y rheiny i'w cadw yn gyfangwbl ym medd- iant y Cynghreiriaid. Hwyrach y cedwir rhyw gymaint ohonynt, eithr ar hyn o brvd yr unig amcan oedd dwyn oddiar y gelyn bob gallu i ail ddechreu eto ar ol cael amser i anadlu, fel petai, ac i ad-drefnu ei alluoedd. Cydnabu'r Almaen wrth dderbyn y telerau hyn mai oenedl orchfygedig oedd, ac yn wir ceir digcn o hancs i brofi, erbyn hyn, y "buasai ei byddinoedd wedi eu rhannu ac wedi eu llwyr orchfygu ar y maes pe bai'r cad-oediad heb ei ganiatau am dridiau yn ychwaneg. Yr oedd pen-cadfridog y Cynghr- eiriaid wedi trefnu ei gynlluniau i sicrhau hynny, a chan inor Iwyddiannus a fu'r ymdrech- ion o'r dechreu, nid oedd fodd i'r Almaen o&goi'r trychineb mawr oddieithr trwy geisio cad-oediad t unrhyw delerau y gwelsai'r Cynghreiriaid yn dda eu rhoddi. Cafwyd hynny mewn pryd. COFIO'R ABERTH. Felly, mae'r anturiaeth fawr a gychwynnodd yr Almaen yn 1914 wedi gorffen mewn dinistr I i'r sawl a'i dechreuodd. Ac yn ei chwymp tynncdd gyda hi lawer o hen sefydliadau a fu'n amlwg yn hanes Ewrop er ys canrifoedd, ac ar lwybrau'r difrod ni weHr yn unman ond benyr cochion chwyldroad a chysgod newyn. Eithr y mae hualau gormes wedi eu torri dros fyth a rhyddid yn meddiannu'r tir, ac er fod yr ym- drech i ddwyn hynny i hen wedi dwyn cymaint o drueni i genhedloedd y byd, mae gennym serch hynny le i lawenhau o'i blegyd. Ond ni allwn, er hynny, anghofio ddruted y bu'r cwbl. Ni all- wn anghofio'r miloedd bechgyn a aberthasant eu popeth er mwyn prynu'r rTiyddid hwn i gen- hedloedd y byd, a'r miloedd cartrefi gweigion j sy'n metliu anghofio'r aberth a'r dioddefaint i gyd. Ni ddylasem ychw&ith anghofio'r sawl a fydd hyd eu bedd yn dal nodau'r graith. Mae'r milwr bob amser mewn bri yn adeg rhyfel, eithr y duedd yn y gorffennol oedd gollwng popeth dros gof yn fuan iawn ar ol mynd heibio o'r dyddiau blin a gadael i'r"sawl oedd wedi aberthn y duedd yn y gorffennol oedd gollwng popeth dros gof yn fuan iawn ar ol mynd heibio o'r dyddiau blin a gadael i'rsawl oedd wedi aberthn ei ddyddiau goreu i amddiffyn ei wlad gardota ri damaid mewn anfri hyd ddiwedd ei oes. DosbartH arail sy wedi rhoddi ein cenedl tan ddv!ed ddifesur iddynt yw morwyr ein llongau I masnach. Er cymaint y peryglon o bob math oedd ililydd a nos ar eu llwybrau, nid oes gennyrr. Tianes am neb o honvnt yn gwrthod α- cychwyn ar daith. Gwnaethant hwy o leiaf I gymamt a neb i sicrhau buddugoliaeth a chadw newyn o'n gwlad. CANLYNAIDAU'B RHYFEL. Un o ganlyniadau amlycaf y rhyfel, -y dydd- iau hyn, yw'r ysbryd chwyldroad sy wedi medd- lannu y rhan fwyaf o wledydd Ewrop, y gwled- {dd amhleidiol yn gystal a'r lleill. Mae'r bren- hinoedd a r tywysogion yn syrthio y naill ar j j J Sosialwyr yn gwthio eu hunain i awdurdod. Yn Holland, Sweden, Spaen, a'r Yswisdir mae undeb y gweithwyr a'r milwyr yn galw am ran helaethach yn y llywodraeth ac yn wir yn bygwth dymchwelyd yr hen gyfun- drefnau brenhinol oni chaffont a chwenychant. in naturiol iawn fe geir llawer iawn o bryder }'n J gwledydd hyn rhag ofn tyfu o'r cyffro yn | yr un modd ag y tyfodd yn Rwssia ao arwain ohono i'r un anhrefn gwyllt. Yn yr Almaen ei hun mae'r symudiad newydd hwn yn drefnus ddigon ac ar hyn o bryd yn addewid dda am I ddyfodol llwyddiannus. Er fod y pleidiau Sos- ialaidd wedi eu dyrchafu i awdurdod, y maent wedi sicrhau rhyw fath ar gytundeb a'r pleidiau j eraili ac nid oes ddim ihwystr ar ffordd y Llywodraeth newydd i gyflawni ei gwaith. Mae llawer o'r hen weinidogion hyd yn hyn wedi J aros yn eu swyddau ac yn helpu i gaxjw'r j gyfathrach rhwng yr Almaen a'r gwledydd oddi- i allan, a daw r son y cynhelir etholiad yno yn fuan iawn i ddewis cynrychiolwyr newydd ac i benderfynu ar y math o lywodraeth sy'n fwyaf cymwys tan amgylchiadau newydd y wJad. 'I Caiff y bobl fwy o lais yn yr etholiad hwnnw nag a gawsant erioed o'r blaen. DYFODOL YR ALMAEN. Y mae sefyilfa'r Almaen yn y dyfodol agos yn dibynnu'n fawl: iawn ar allu'r awdurdodau i fwydo'r bobl. Nid oe" amheuaeth nad yw icyflwr y wlad yn y cyfeirad hwn yn druenus iawn, ac nid yw'n syndod yn y byd i'r Dr. Solf wneutkur apel mor daer i'r Arlywydd Wilson i'w helpu yn hyn o beth rhag ofn digwydd o'r un cytlnwd yn yr Almaen ag a ddigwyddodd yn Rwsia. Gadawodd cyn-flaenwyr yr Almaen i bopeth fynd hyd yr cithaf cyn cydnabod eu darostyngiad a chyn gofyn am heddweh, a gwers chwerw i'r genedl yn awr yw sylweddoli y buasai ei bwydo hi ei hun yn gymharol hawdd heddyw onibai am y ffaith r w suddlongau suddo cynifer o longau masnach y gwledydd yng nghwrs y rhyfel. Megis ag y dywedodd prif weinidog Ffrahic y diwrnod o'r blaen: Nid ym- ladd yn erbyn dynoliaeth y mae'r Cynghreiriaid, end drosti, ac er cymaint yr anawsterau sydd ar y ffordd, mae'r Cynghreiriaid eisoes wedi datgan eu hawydd i helpu'r gelyn yn ei angen ac i wneuthur popeth yn eu gallu i gadw newyn o'r wlad. Cawsom eiriau i'r un cyfeiriad gan yr Arlywydd Wilson a chan Mr. Lloyd George yntau, ac wrth wneuiS .r ohonom y weithred I ddyngarol hon fe rodciic cyfle i genedl yr Almaen weled drosti ei" hun beth oedd gwir ddelfryd y Cynghreiriaid wrth ymladd yn ei lierbyn, a cha hithau yn ei bywyd newydd weld yn fwy eglur nag erioed gamweddau ei harweinwyr yn y gorffennol. PROBLEMAU HEDDWCH. Yr ydym weithian yn dechreu wynebu'r cwestiynau mawrion sydd bob amser ynghlwm wrth yr heddwch hwnnw a ddaw i ran pob gwlad ar derfyn rhyfel. A chan mor annisgwyl y daetli heddweh, y mae llawer o le i ofni nad ydym yn barod iawn gyda'n paratoada-u ar ei gyfer. Un o'r prif anawsterau, wrth gwrs, yw'r modd i ddwyn yn ol y miloedd gweithwyr cad- noddau i a;l-gydio drachefn mewn offer hedd- weh, a chan nad pa mor berffaith a fydd ein trefniadau ni ellir cyflawni y gwaith anodd hwn heb fod llawer iawn o bobl yn dioddef mewn rhyw ffordd neu gilydd. Ac yn wir rhaid a fydd wrth amser maith cyn y daw unrhyw fath o lun ar bethau. Ceir amryw o bobl hefyd yu tybio y oeir llawer iawn o esmwythad yn awr yn fuan gyda dyfodiad heddweh, yn or- bennig ynglyn a'n cyflenwad bwvd, eithr fe geir rhybuddion oddiwith y Llywodraetheisoes mai ofer a fydd pob disgwyliad o'r fath. Yn wir fe ddaw heddwch a mwy o alwadau arnom mewn ami gyfeiriad, a rhaid i ninnau -am gyf- nod hir eto wrth yr un ymdrechion, ac wrth yr I un cynhildeb, ag a fu yn nodweddu ein bywyd yn ystod y pedair blynedd diweddaf. 'Nae'r byd i gyd wyneb yn wyneb a phrinder, ac nid I oes obaith i ni gael y goreu ar y prinder hwnnw hyd oni ddelo'r milynau milwyr yn ol dracbefn i'w hen lwybrau ac i'w hen ddyledawyddau. Nid oes lawer o ofn y bydd gwaith yn brin yn ein crwlad ni nac yn y gwledydd eraill, eithr byda yn rhaid wrth oreu ein gwladweinwyr i drawsnewid y gyfundrefn bresennol a chadw'r rhod i droi ar yr un pryd. YR ETHOLIAD AGOSHAOL. Ma^'r trefniadau ynglyn a'r etholiad cyffre- dinol weithian wedi eu cwblhau a swn yr ym- gyrch eisoes yn y gwynt. Dewisir yr ymgeis- wyr ai- gyfer pob cynrychiolaeth ar y pedwerydd dydd ar ddeg. Mae'r senedd bi-esennol yn wyth miwvdd oed, a chred yr awdurdodau mai anehenraid yw cynnal etholiad yn awr, cyn dechreu o weithrediadau y Gynhadledd Hedd- weh, modd y gallai'r sawl a anfonir i'r gyn- hadledd honno gynrychioli barn mwyafrif y fw^hedl. Mae'r cad-oediad preserinol wedi fiymud vmaith lawer iawn o'r anawsterau oedd ar y ffordd i sicrhau Uais y miiyyr a'r morwyr, a bydd yr etholiad hwn yn ddiddorol iawn yn y ffaith ei fod vn cael ei gynnal tan amgylchiad- au mor eithriadol ac hefyd am mai hwn fydd yr etholiad cvntaf tan v ddeddf newydd, pan gaffo chwe mil o fenywod, deng raVwydd ar

Newyddion yr Wythnos. Y mae y rhyfel wedi costio deuddeng miliwn o fywydau, dwy titiwn a haner i'r Germaniaid yn unig. Hefyd y mae wedi taflu Germani i ddyled o £ 5,000,000,000. Y sum a dreuliodd Germani yn y rhyfel yw £ 10,000,000,000. Nid yw fel Prydain Fawr wedi gorfod talu i alluoedd eraill filiynau o bunau at angenrheidiau rhyfel a bwya. Dywed un o brif- bapurau Llundain:—Beth bynag a ddigwydd yn y dyfodol, bydd i Mr. Lloyd George sefyll yn ail i neb yn rheng gwl- eidyddwyr Prydeinig. Y mae yn fwy na thebyg y bydd raid i'r Kai- ser sydd wedi dianc i Holland sefyll prawf am ei weithredoedd anfad. Dylai ei gosp fod yn fawr. Gan gynted ag sydd bosibL dygir 140,000 o bersonau Prydeinig sydd yn garcharorion yn Genriani a gwledydd eraiil, gartref. Y mae y rhan fwyaf ohonynt wedi myned trwy galedi dirfawr. Y mae Llywodraeth America yn arbed 2,000,000 pwys o siwgr yn flynyddol trwy drefn iant nad oes neb i ddefnyddio mwy na haner pwys yr wythnos. Gwerthir yr hyn a arbedir i'r Galluoedd Cyngreiriol. Gwerthodd America werth 250,000,000 o facwn i ni yn ystod chwe mis cyntaf y flwyddyn hon. O'i gymharu a Gorphenaf 1914, y mis cyn y torodd y rhyfel allan yr oedd pris bwyd, a chy- meryd popeth i ystyriaeth, wedi codi 133 y cant yn Hydref diweddaf. Y mae aurafalau Jamaica a. werthid yn ol wyth am swilt cyn y rhyfel yn awr yn costio o ddeg ceiniog i wilt yr un. Y mae y Llywodraeth wedi rhoi gorchymyn i ryddhau 100,000 o lowyr ax unwaith o'r fyddin. Mewn rhanbarth o Llundain yr wythnos ddi- weddaf yr oedd 131 o gyrff personau fuont. farw o'r inffliwensa yn aros claddedigaeth, a dan- fonodd y Swyddfa Ryfel nifer o ddynion i dori beddau iddynt. Pan oedd y Brenin yn myned trwy Dde Llun- dain yn ei gerbyd y dydd o'r blaen aeth milwr ato a rhoes sigar iddo. Geliir cael syniad am y nifer o belenau ffrwydrol a daenodd Germani hyd y moroedd pan ddywedir fod pysgotwyr Grimsby yn unig wedi casglu tair mil ohonynt. Ex: dechreu y rhyfel y mae 533 o wyr Grimsby wedi eu lladd gan gychod torpedo a phelenau ffrwydrol, a gadaw- ant ar eu holau 225 o weddwon a 697 o blant. ARAITH MR. LLOYD GEORGE. Ddydd Sadwrn rhoes Mr. Lloyd George an- erchiad yn ymwneud yn benaf a'r etholiad cyffredinol sydd yn ymyl. Wele rhai pwyntiau ohoni:— Y mae y rhyfel wedi dangOo gyda bys tanllyd gyfundrefn ddiffygiol ein bywyd cenedlaethol. Ni ailwn ddychwelyd i'r hengyflwj Y mae yr Orseddfainc wedi enill parch a safle ychwanegol trwy ymddygiad yr hwn a eis- tedd arni, yn ystod y rhyfel. Y mae y Senedd bresenol yn marw. Rhaid i rhywun fyned i'r Gynhadledd Heddweh gydag awdurdod oddiwrth y bobl. Rhaid cael awdurdod i ddechreu ar unwaith ar waith ail-adoiladu. Pwy yw y dynion sydd i gyfarwyddo y Llywodraeth? Dangosodd y galw i'r fyddin fwy o ddiffygion corfforol ar gyfartaledd na Ffrainc, Germani, neu unrhyw wlad arall a gymerodd ran yn y rhyfel. Y mae hynyna yn warth ar wlad faloh a chefnog. Rhaid i gwestiwn tai i weithwyr fod yn fater cenedlaethol. Dylod gof^lu na fydd i gyflogau gael ei gos- twng i'r graddau nas gall flerth y gweithiwr gael ei gadw i fyny. Yn ddiwydlannol yr oeddym yn genedl heb gyfundrefn. Cloffwyd llawer diwydiant trwy gystadleuaeth anheg. Ni wna hynyna y tro. Esgeuluswyd Wtothyddiaetli brsn yn Uwyr gan y Wladwriaeth. Rhaid cymeryd gallu trydanol mewn naw. Os derbynir y program yr unig gwestiwn fydd pwy a'i cymer mewn llaw, Y mae yn waith na chymer un dyn ef yn wirfoddol, eto nid yw yn waith y dylai un dyn ei wrthod. Amser i feirniadaeth y gwr sydd yn gwybod ei fater ac nid i eiddo y pleidiwr yw yr amser presenol. Nid yw gwrthwynebiad end chwilio bai pwr- pasol. Y mae Llafur wedi penderfynu tynu eu hael- odau o'r Llywodraeth. Y mae gwneud hyny ar amser pan y mae materion yn ymwneud a llafur yn cael eu had- drffnu yn ymddangos i mi y ffolineb mwyaf. Nid oes genyf yr amheuaeth leiaf na fydd i ddosbarth gweithiol y wlad ei gondemnio. Os oes rnywun ar^ll a all wneud y gwaith mawr hwn yn well bydded i'r genedl ddewis er mwyn popeth.

BEVtL 8 BRIDGE. There are a, few cases of influenza in the dis- trict. On Wednesday week, at St. Iago's Church, thanksgiving services were held on the cessa- tion of hostilities and were largely attended by Nonconformists ag well as Church people. The first portion of the service was taken by the Rev E. M. Davias, and the lessons were read by Mr. F. P. Lightfoot, Hafod Botr' Welsh and English hymns were sung. Mrs. 1. V. Lewis, Nantarthur, was the organist. An address was given by the Rev. Caws, some time chaplain on the Western Front. Lance-corporal Joseph Morgan, R.E., son of the late Mr John Morgan and of Mrs. Morgan, Tynllwyn, is home on leave. His brother, Private Llewelyn Morgan, A.S.C., has also I-ec.,n home.

EMtCDATION The "Cambrian News," which is the official Government booking agent for the Canadian Pacific and the Alian Lines, has been officially informed that the Government has relaxed the regulations regarding women and children, and all who hold valid passports are now free to travel over these lines. The rates of the splendidly equipped vessels on these lines are exceedingly low, the Liverpool to Montreal ser- vice, third class, being only Cll 5s. Full par- ticulars are obtainable at the "Cambrian News" Office.

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Plague-Spot Pennal. HISTORY OF- A FIGHT FOR HEALTH. HOW LONC WILL THE MENACE REMAIN? (By a Special Correspondent). Pennal has a grievance. The inhabitants for some time past have complained of the insani- tary state of the village, but, hitherto, the I complaints have been in vain. Shall they re- main unheeded? That is another question. In order to investigate the cause of the complaints I have visited the village and saw many things that surprised me. I Pennal is situated in two unions, Machynlleth and Towyn, and the complaints have to do with the Machynlleth side. A few enquiries eliciood the information that the sanitary defects complained of are of long I standing. As far back as 1899 the Towyn Urban Council, realising the danger to its own district, sought the aid of the Local Govern- ment Board to abate certain nuisances after an appeal to the Machynlleth Rural Council had failed. And the following account of the battle of the two councils is very illuminating | In the latter part of October, 1899, there was an outbreak of diphtheria in the village, and at a meeting of the Machynlleth Rural Council four letters were read complaining about the sanitation. One letter was from Dr. Bone, medical officer of health of the Towyn Urban Council, stating that another case of diphtheria had occurred in the village and that parents would not send their children to school. Dr. Bone pointed out that these recurring cases were a source of danger to his district, and suggested that, in order to find the source, the two councils join in a request to the Local Government Board that an inspector be sent down to investigate the circumstances. Another letter was from Mr Robert Owen, secretary w the Pennal Board School Managers, calling attention, on behalf of the managers, to the unhealthy state of the viJlage-the children being often overtaken with illness. How did the Rural Council deal with these litters? Mr David Owen, the Pennal representative, said the unfavourable report nad siarted at Towyn and Pennal board meetings, and he had an idea that the Board has r.tised the matter be- cause the members knew full wdl that the parish of Pennal had no representatives on the Board. The Board ad c inenced talking about the sanitary. condition of Pennal because when the school re-opened n.t'"i the holidays the attendance was below t -e a mirage. That was the case every wlioi-e-t rents after holidays failed utterly to send t'.t r children to school. The attendance decreased immediately Towyn and Pennal School Board and rl ovyn Urban Council raised the imaginary defects in the sanitation of Pennal. He did not know what caused the Urban Council to rise this scare or bwgan" unless it was their vish to throw odium on the village. The Chairman expressed pleasure at the luoid explanation of Mr. Evans and the Medical Officer, despite the "recurring cases" of diphtheria stated that there were no grounds for the charges made against the sani- tary condition of Pennal, and the Council decided to reply that there was no reason for the complaints. So far as the Rural Council was concerned the matter would have ended there, but Dr. Bone was not willing to drop it so easily. At a subsequent meeting of the Towyn Council he submitted a list of lious&s, the occupiers of which had been served with notices to clean their privies. He made no statement as to the sanitary or insanitary state of the village, as it was outside his duty, but diph- theria had occurred from time to time at Pennal, and had been imported to another dis- trict; and he could see, as any casual passer-by could see, that open gullies, in whicn refuse was thrown from all the houses, might cer- tainly be the cause of the disease. With regara to Mr. David Evans's statement, which the Rural Council considered sufficient to show that the village was in a good sanitary conditon Dr Bone said the real reason why the attend- ance was low when the school opened was that there had been a fatal case of diphtheria in Pennal, and many of the parents in his district said they would not send their children t" school until it was safe. Mr Evans, on October 17th, said that the percentage was higher than at any school, but after tho scare raised by the Towyn Council the attendance fell off. It was between October 17th and October auutaet case ot diphtheria occurred, and people at once wrote to him (Dr. Bone) stating that they would not send their children to school. The scare, therefore, occurred at Pennal. The Urban Council, in consequence, wrote to the Local Government Board stating that the Rural Council had evaded the real question, and Dr. Bone advocated the closing of the school. The Local Government Board sent a formal acknowledgment of the letter; and at a subse- quent meeting of the Urban Council fresh cases I of diphtheria were reported and the Clerk was authorised to write again to the Board stating that there should be no delay in sending down an inspector. No reply was received from the Board; but at a meeting held in the third week of January, 1900, the Clerk to the Urban Council stated that the Council's action had no doubt led to the removal of very ancient nuisance. One of the members stated that when the first case of diphtheria occurred carts were borrowed from Machynlleth Council and that they were engaged for two days; and another member stated that nothing bad been done to remove the causes of the former state of things. The Rural Medical Officer stated in his report that the village was in a very sani- tary state. Nevertheless, at a meeting of that authority in the third week in February, 1900, two cases of diphtheria were reported at Pennal. Mr. David Evans stated that the cases had occurred after the school was opened and t seemed to imply to him the cause was in the school premises. The Medical Officer, however, relieved the disease might have arisen from the condition of the privies in the houses in which the cases had broken out, and the Council decided that these privies should be cleaned every two months. A letter from the Local Government Board was discussed in private. That was the sanitary condition of Pennal twenty years ago. What is the condition to- day? It needs but casual observation to find a serious defect in the matter of privies and drainage. In the former connection the defect amounts to a scandal. In one case one privy has to serve for seven houses which have no back doors. In two other cases two privies have to serve for five houses, and in another case three privies have to serve for six houses, and some houses are overcrowded. Some houses in addition to the tenant accommodate women war workers. I mention this fact to emphasise not only the great inconvenience caused by these conditions but also the moral deteriora- tion that must accrue. There is no systematic collection of night soil. The work is left to the people who neglect it. Nobody is responsible and nobody is anxious to undertake the respon- siblity. Right in the middle of the village, about two yards from the road and in front of a chapel there is a hollow in the ground which serves as a tip for the culinary filth and the garbage; and I was informed that on more than one occasion the refuse from the privies had been emptied into this hollow. I saw no traces of recent disposal, but the heap is at the present time filthy, and to make matters worse a dozen hens were scratching it energetically, spreading the filth in every direction, even to the road. Were it for this heap only the village deserves the stigma cast upon it. It is a disgrace and a serious menace to public health. I cannot understand how the inhabitants can endure the sight of it day after day; and it is surprising that the chapel authorities have not protested against it long ago. It is an eyesore of the worst description. Another serious defect is the drainage. I saw open gullies—one at least forty yards in jj?1' These gullies were partly dry; but puddles of dirty water thrown from the houses were to be seen here and there, and one can imagine the stench that must emanate from these gullies on a hot summer day. The houses as a whole are small but well kept. I do not think I ever saw so many houses in one village without back doors. Outwardly the houses look(d clean enough, with the ex- ception of one row which was dirty and dilapi- In 1, for some reason or other, the Rural Council chose to disregard the repeated warn- ings of a,n experienced officer. Can they do it agamP In 1900, according to this officer, the coedition of the village was the ca.USt of roftzt ring outbreaks of a malignant and deadly disease; the same conditions exist to-day and publto health. Let th« Rural Council deal with the matter at once. Delay is dangerous for one cannot tell what might eS^mics" dayS °f frequent and deadly

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(Continued from prevous colhumn hugain a thros hynny, gyfle i bleidleisio am y waith gyntaf yn eu hanes. Bydd gan bob milwr a morwr dros bedair mlwydd ar bym- theg hwythau bleidlais yn llywodraeth y wlad, a cheir hefyd lawer iawn o oddefiadau newydd- ion na fu mewn grym o'r blaes, megis caniatau i'r sawl sy'n derbyn elusen blwyf hwythau i roddi eu llais megis y rhai sy fwy ffodus eu hamgylchiadau. Cynhelir yr etholiad ymhob cynrychiolaeth ar yr un diwrnod, ond ni chy- frifir y pleidleisiau ar y diwmod hwnnw eithr ar ryw ddiwmod arall i'w benodi eto.